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Superior Electoral Court (Brazil)
The Superior Electoral Court (, TSE) is the highest body of the Brazilian Electoral Justice, which also comprises one Regional Electoral Court (, TRE) in each of the 26 states and the Federal District of the country, as determined by the Article 118 of the Constitution of Brazil. Background and legal provisions The Brazilian Electoral Code of 1932 established the Electoral Justice in Brazil, replacing the political system conducted by the Legislative branch over the electoral proceedings. The new judicial system transferred control over such proceedings to the Judiciary. In the present, duties of the Electoral Justice are regulated by a posterior Electoral Code, approved in 1965 (Law No. 4.737/65),MARTINS, Flavia Bahia. Direito constitucional. 2ª Ed. Niterói: Impetus, 2011. which revoked the 1932 code, but kept the judicial control over the electoral proceedings. The Superior Electoral Court is the highest judicial body of the Brazilian Electoral Justice as per the §3 of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brasília
Brasília ( ; ) is the capital city, capital of Brazil and Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. Located in the Brazilian highlands in the country's Central-West Region, Brazil, Central-West region, it was founded by President Juscelino Kubitschek on 21 April 1960, to replace Rio de Janeiro as the national capital. Brasília is Brazil's List of cities in Brazil by population, third-most populous city after São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, with a population of 2.8 million. Among major Latin American cities, it has the highest GDP per capita. Brasília is a Planned community, planned city developed by Lúcio Costa, Oscar Niemeyer and Joaquim Cardozo in 1956 in a scheme to move the capital from Rio de Janeiro to a more central location. The landscape architect was Roberto Burle Marx. The city's design divides it into numbered blocks as well as sectors for specified activities, such as the Hotel Sector, the Banking Sector, and the Embassy Sector. Brasília was inscribed as a UN ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Writs Of Mandamus
A writ of (; ) is a judicial remedy in the English and American common law system consisting of a court order that commands a government official or entity to perform an act it is legally required to perform as part of its official duties, or to refrain from performing an act the law forbids it from doing. Writs of mandamus are usually used in situations where a government official has failed to act as legally required or has taken a legally prohibited action. Decisions that fall within the discretionary power of public officials cannot be controlled by the writ. For example, mandamus can not force a lower court to take a specific action on applications that have been made. However, if the court refuses to rule at all, then mandamus can be used to order the court to rule on the applications. Mandamus may be a command to take or not take a particular action, and it is supplemented by legal rights. In the American legal system it must be a judicially enforceable and legally pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judiciary Of Brazil
The Judiciary of Brazil is the group of public entities designated by the Brazilian constitution to carry out the country's judicial functions. Constitutional foundation The Federal government of Brazil is defined by the 1988 constitution which defines a tripartite separation of powers into the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. Aside from those, the country also has the Public Ministry which acts autonomously and has in the past been referred to as the country's fourth branch. In terms of jurisdiction, the main division is between common justice () and specialized justice (). Common justice, composed of federal and state justices (and the Federal District's own justice), handles most civil and criminal cases. Specialized justice, composed of electoral, military and labor justices, handles more specialized cases which also have their own specific procedures. Article 92 of the Constitution divides the judiciary into nine organs: * the Supre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cristiano Zanin
Cristiano Zanin Martins (born 15 November 1975) is a Brazilian attorney and professor who serves as justice of the Supreme Federal Court. He gained notoriety as personal attorney of president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in lawsuits related to Operation Car Wash. On 1 June 2023, Zanin was appointed by president Lula da Silva as Justice of the Supreme Federal Court, replacing retired Justice Ricardo Lewandowski. His nomination was approved by the Federal Senate in a voting of 58–18 on 21 June 2023. Early life and academics The son of Maria Roseli and Nelson Martins, Cristiano Zanin was born in Piracicaba into a middle-class family and moved to São Paulo in 1994 to study at the Law School of the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), graduating in 1999. He concluded a specialization in civil procedure at the same university. He taught civil law at the Autonomous School of Law (FADISP) in São Paulo. Zanin is one of the authors of the book "''Lawfare: uma introd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dias Toffoli
José Antonio Dias Toffoli (born November 15, 1967) is a Brazilian lawyer who has been a member of the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil since 2009, nominated by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Toffoli was the president of the Supreme Federal Court for the 2018–20 term. Biography José Dias Toffoli was born in Marília, São Paulo (state), São Paulo in 1967, the son of Luiz Toffoli and Sebastiana Seixas Dias Toffoli. He attended the Law School, University of São Paulo, law school of the University of São Paulo from 1986 to 1990, graduating with a bachelor's degree in law. While in college, Toffoli presided the student union. From 1996 to 2002 he was a professor of constitutional and family law at Centro Universitário de Brasília. In 1994 and 1995 Toffoli took civil service entrance examination, examinations for a position as a judge in the state of São Paulo, but was twice rejected. Toffoli was then the legal representative for the Workers' Party (Brazil), Workers' Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilmar Mendes
Gilmar Ferreira Mendes (born December 30, 1955) is a Brazilian Justice of the Supremo Tribunal Federal (Brazilian Supreme Federal Court), appointed by then President Fernando Henrique Cardoso in 2002. Mendes was the Chief Justice of the Court for the 2008–2010 term. Earlier, he had been the Attorney General from 2000 to 2002. He has been criticised by legal scholars and journalists for the supposedly opportunistic political motivations of his rulings, and mocked for his alleged penchant for freeing powerful politicians suspected of corruption. In 2009, fellow Justice Joaquim Barbosa confronted him during a televised session of the Court, comparing him to a local criminal leader who commanded "thugs". Early life Mendes was born in Diamantino, Mato Grosso. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in Law from University of Brasília, received his master's degree in Law from the same university, another master's degree in Law from University of Münster (''Westfälische Wilhelms-Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Mendonça
André Luiz de Almeida Mendonça (born 27 December 1972) is a Brazilian attorney, Presbyterian pastor, and politician currently serving as Justice of the Supreme Federal Court. He is the third evangelical Christian positioned to join the top court, and former Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Brazil), Minister of Justice and Public Security and Attorney General of the Union (Brazil), Attorney General of the Union in the Bolsonaro administration cabinet members, administration of President of Brazil, President Jair Bolsonaro. Prior to assuming this role, he served as Attorney General of Brazil in the same administration. Mendonça was an attorney for Brazil since 2000 and was special assistant of the Comptroller General of Brazil, Comptroller General of the Union Wagner Rosário between 2016 and 2018. Biography After graduating with a degree in law in 1993 at Law School of Bauru University Center, in São Paulo, Mendonça concluded his specialization in public law at Unive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Brazil
The president of Brazil (), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil () or simply the ''President of the Republic'', is the head of state and head of government of Brazil. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Armed Forces. The presidential system was established in 1889, upon the proclamation of the republic in a military coup d'état against Emperor Pedro II. Since then, Brazil has had six constitutions, three dictatorships, and three democratic periods. The Constitution of Brazil, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, their term of office and the method of election. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is the 39th and current president. He was sworn in on 1 January 2023. Constitutional powers As a republic with a presidential executive, Brazil grants significant powers to the president, who effe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habeas Corpus
''Habeas corpus'' (; from Medieval Latin, ) is a legal procedure invoking the jurisdiction of a court to review the unlawful detention or imprisonment of an individual, and request the individual's custodian (usually a prison official) to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether their detention is lawful. ''Habeas corpus'' is generally enforced via writ, and accordingly referred to as a writ of ''habeas corpus''. The writ of ''habeas corpus'' is one of what are called the "extraordinary", "common law", or " prerogative writs", which were historically issued by the English courts in the name of the monarch to control inferior courts and public authorities within the kingdom. The writ was a legal mechanism that allowed a court to exercise jurisdiction and guarantee the rights of all the Crown's subjects against arbitrary arrest and detention. At common law the burden was usually on the official to prove that a detention was authorized. ''Habeas corpus'' has cert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population, seventh-largest by population, with over 212 million people. The country is a federation composed of 26 Federative units of Brazil, states and a Federal District (Brazil), Federal District, which hosts the capital, Brasília. List of cities in Brazil by population, Its most populous city is São Paulo, followed by Rio de Janeiro. Brazil has the most Portuguese-speaking countries, Portuguese speakers in the world and is the only country in the Americas where Portuguese language, Portuguese is an Portuguese-speaking world, official language. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazil, coastline of . Covering roughly half of South America's land area, it Borders of Brazil, borders all other countries and ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regional Electoral Court (Brazil)
Regional Electoral Court (, TRE) is the judicial body that is in charge of elections at the state level in Brazil. There are 27 TREs, one for each Brazilian state, plus one for the Federal District. Responsibilities The operation of the regional electoral courts is governed by law 4.737 of 1965. Each court consists of judges that are publicly elected or nominated by part of the judiciary, according to rules set independently by each regional court. According to law, the regional courts are responsible for control and inspection of the whole electoral process in their jurisdiction, from the registration of regional branches of political parties, to the production of reports and during vote counting. The regional courts are responsible for voter registration, for of electoral districts and for reporting the results. The regional courts also settle disputes regarding elections and handle appeals of the decisions of the electoral judges. Each regional court has the freedom to make ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Election Justice
The Brazilian Election Justice () was created by Decree No. 21,076 of 24 February 1932, representing one of the innovations of the Brazilian Revolution of 1930. In 1932 the first edited Brazilian election code was passed. It was inspired by the election justice of the Czech Republic and the ideas of Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil, a politician, farmer and ambassador. Supporting law Nowadays, the existence and regulation of the Election Justice in Brazil is determined in the articles 118 to 121 of the Federal Constitution of 1988, that established its exclusive attribution of the Federal Union legislating about election law. The Election Code and other laws give executive and legislative powers to the Superior Electoral Court (TSE). The law, even if it is named to provide judicial powers, include an aggregation of administrative and normative functions as well. Comparative law In other countries, the solutions adopted to distribution of powers in the election process dif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
