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Sunda Shelf Mangroves
The Sunda Shelf mangroves ecoregion, in the mangrove biome, are on the coasts of the islands of Borneo and eastern Sumatra in Malaysia and Indonesia. They are home to the proboscis monkey. As well as being an important habitat for terrestrial and marine wildlife, mangroves preserve the shape of the coastline. Flora There are more plant species here than in most mangrove forests in the world, with five different types of mangrove dominating parts of the region as follows: ''Avicennia'' and ''Sonneratia'' species on the coast where water is saltiest and the tidal wash strongest; ''Rhizophoras'' and ''Bruguieras'' in the swampy areas just behind them; and ''Nypa fruticans'' palms in the freshwater streams further inland still.Wikramanayake, EricSunda Shelf Mangroves ''One Earth''. Accessed 19 March 2023. About 28 species of mangroves trees grow in the ecoregion, including ''Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia alba, Avicennia lanata, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Bruguiera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bako National Park
Bako National Park () is a national park in Kuching District, Kuching Division, Sarawak, Malaysia. Established in 1957, it is the oldest national park in Sarawak. It covers an area of at the tip of the Muara Tebas peninsula at the mouth of the Bako and Kuching Rivers. It is approximately by road from Kuching. Millions of years of erosion of the sandstone have created a coastline of steep cliffs, rocky headlands and stretches of white, sandy bays. Wave erosion at the base of the cliffs has carved many of the rocky headlands into fantastically shaped sea arches and seastacks with colored patterns formed by iron deposition. The most famous of them was shaped like a cobra's head which could be spotted on a boat ride from the headquarters or one of the beaches. This collapsed in 2024 and is no longer present. Some of these rock formations can be seen on entry to the Teluk Assam Beach, which fronts the park. The park can only be reached by a 20-minute boat ride from the village ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aegiceras Corniculatum
''Aegiceras corniculatum'', commonly known as black mangrove, river mangrove, goat's horn mangrove, or khalsi, is a species of shrub or tree mangrove in the primrose family (biology), family, Primulaceae, with a distribution in coastal and estuarine areas ranging from India through South East Asia to southern China, New Guinea and Australia. Description ''Aegiceras corniculatum'' grows as a shrub or small tree up to high, though often considerably less. Its leaf, leaves are alternate, obovate, long and wide, entire, leathery and minutely dotted. Its fragrance, fragrant, small, white flowers are produced as umbellate clusters of 10–30, with a Peduncle (botany), peduncle up to 10 mm long and with Pedicel (botany), pedicels long. The calyx is long and Petal#Corolla, corolla long. The fruit is curved and cylindrical or horn-shaped, light green to pink in colour and long. It grows in mud in estuaries and tidal creeks, often at the seaward edge of the mangrove zone. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kandelia Candel
''Kandelia candel'' is a species of mangrove in the family Rhizophoraceae, found around the coasts of South Asia and Southeast Asia, from western India to Borneo. Populations further east, from Vietnam to Japan were formerly included in ''K. candel'', but are now considered a separate species, '' K. obovata''. Description ''Kandelia candel'' grows as a shrub or small tree up to tall. Its flaky bark is lenticellate and coloured greyish to reddish brown. The flowers are white. The ovoid An oval () is a closed curve in a plane which resembles the outline of an egg. The term is not very specific, but in some areas of mathematics (projective geometry, technical drawing, etc.), it is given a more precise definition, which may inc ... fruits measure up to long. References Mangroves Rhizophoraceae Flora of tropical Asia Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus {{Malpighiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heritiera Littoralis
''Heritiera littoralis'', commonly known as the looking-glass mangrove or tulip mangrove, is a mangrove tree in the family Malvaceae native to coastal areas of eastern Africa, Asia, Melanesia and northern Australia. The common name refers to the silvery appearance of the underside of the leaves, resembling a mirror to some degree. The strong timber has uses in marine applications and elsewhere. Description ''Heritiera littoralis'' is an evergreen tree growing up to in height with very prominent, sinuous buttress roots that may be up to tall. It is usually low-branching and the crown is untidy-looking with gnarled branches. The trunk is light grey or grey-brown in appearance, smooth when young but developing vertical fissures as it ages. The leaves are spirally arranged on the branches and varyingly measure from up to , with a petiole up to long. They are oblong-elliptical to ovate-elliptical, dark green on the upper surface and the undersides are silvery-white to light ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excoecaria Agallocha
''Excoecaria agallocha'', a mangrove species, belongs to the genus ''Excoecaria'' of the family (biology), family Euphorbiaceae. The species has many common names, including blind-your-eye mangrove, blinding tree, buta buta tree, milky mangrove, poisonfish tree, and river poison tree. Most of the names refer to its toxic properties or its propensity to cause blindness when its latex comes into contact with the eyes. This plant grows in saline or brackish water in Tropics, tropical mangrove, mangrove forests, in a distribution bounded to the west by India, to the north by Bangladesh, to the south by Australia. Within Australia, it thrives from northern New South Wales along the northern coastline around to Western Australia. Description Mangrove swamps form a type of coastal wetland found in the tropics and subtropics. Within a mangrove forest, the most salt-tolerant species occur near the ocean. ''Excoecaria agallocha'', known as a back mangrove, is found at higher elevations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceriops Tagal
''Ceriops tagal'', commonly known as spurred mangrove or Indian mangrove, is a mangrove tree species in the family Rhizophoraceae. It is a protected tree in South Africa. The specific epithet ' is a plant name from the Tagalog language. Description ''Ceriops tagal'' is a medium-sized tree growing to a height of with a trunk diameter of up to . The growth habit is columnar or multi-stemmed and the tree develops large buttress roots. The radiating anchor roots are sometimes exposed and may loop up in places. The bark is silvery-grey to orangish-brown, smooth with occasional pustular lenticels. The leaves are in opposite pairs, glossy yellowish-green above, obovate with entire margins, up to long and wide. The flowers are borne singly in the leaf axils; each has a long stalk and a short calyx tube, and parts in fives or sixes. The paired stamens are enclosed in the petals, which open explosively when disturbed. The ovoid fruits are up to long suspended from the shrunken calyx t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceriops Decandra
''Ceriops decandra'' is a mangrove plant of tropical Asia in the family Rhizophoraceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Greek meaning 'ten male', referring to the flower having ten stamens. Description ''Ceriops decandra'' grows as a shrub or small tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Its bark is pale brown. The flowers are white. The ovoid to conical fruits measure up to long. Distribution and habitat ''Ceriops decandra'' grows naturally in India and Bangladesh (including the Sundarbans), Myanmar, Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia, historically known as Malaya and also known as West Malaysia or the Malaysian Peninsula, is the western part of Malaysia that comprises the southern part of the Malay Peninsula on Mainland Southeast Asia and the list of isla .... Its habitat is mangrove swamps and tidal creeks. References External links * Rhizophoraceae Mangroves Flora of India (region) Flora of Bangladesh Flora of Myanmar Flora of T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruguiera Sexangula
''Bruguiera sexangula'', commonly called the upriver orange mangrove, is a mangrove shrub or tree usually growing up to 15 m, occasionally 30 m, in height. Description ''Bruguiera sexangula'' may grow as a single-stemmed tree or multi-stemmed shrub. It has short buttresses at the base of the trunk, and knee-like air-breathing roots, or pneumatophores. The bark is a smooth grey-brown colour. The smooth, glossy green leaves are simple and opposite, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 9.5–20 cm long, 3–7 cm wide, with a pointed apex and a 6 cm petiole, occurring in clusters at the end of the branches.Mangrove Web. The flowers have a pale yellow-green to pinkish-orange calyx with 12–14 lobes, 20–24 stamens and 10–12 creamy-orange, bi-lobed petals. The green, cigar-shaped viviparous propagule grows from within the calyx and is 5–12 cm long and 1–2 cm wide. Distribution and habitat This mangrove is distributed eastwards along the tropical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruguiera Parviflora
''Bruguiera parviflora'' is a tree in the family Rhizophoraceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning 'small flowers'. Description ''Bruguiera parviflora'' grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is pale grey to pale brown. The fruits measure up to long. The wood is sometimes used as charcoal or firewood. Distribution and habitat ''Bruguiera parviflora'' grows widely in South Asia, Indochina, Malesia and northern Australia. Its habitat is mangrove areas and the species faces similar threats to those generally affecting mangrove habitats, such as coastal development, pollution and climate change. Gallery File:Brugu parvi 111021-18703 H kbu.jpg, ''Bruguiera parviflora'' File:Brugu parvi 111021-18698 Fr kbu.jpg, Fruit with hypocotyl The hypocotyl (short for "hypocotyledonous stem", meaning "below seed leaf") is the stem of a germinating seedling, found below the cotyledons (seed leaves) and above the radicle (root). Eudicots As the plant embryo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruguiera Gymnorhiza
''Bruguiera gymnorhiza'', the large-leafed orange mangrove or oriental mangrove,) is a mangrove tree that grows usually to high, but sometimes up to 35m, that belongs to the family Rhizophoraceae. It is found on the seaward side of mangrove swamps, often in the company of ''Rhizophora''. It grows from the Western Pacific Ocean, Pacific across Indian Ocean coasts to Cape Province, South Africa. Description A tree that can grow up to 35m, though usually smaller, around 7-20m, it has a glabrous, smoothish trunk with reddish-brown bark that is sometimes fibrous, sometimes lightish brown or grey. The tree develops short prop-roots rather than long stilt-roots. The green elliptic leaves are 5–15 cm long. Flowers are solitary, with white or cream petals, that soon turn brown up to 1.5 cm long, pinkish-green to reddish brown calyx. The fruit are turbinate (spinning-top shaped), 2 cm long, when mature, the spindle-shaped fruits drop and become embedded in the mud in an u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruguiera Cylindrica
''Bruguiera cylindrica'' is a small tree in the mangrove family Rhizophoraceae, native to tropical Asia and Australia. It was first described in 1827 and has the conservation status of least concern. Description ''Bruguiera cylindrica'' is a small tree growing up to tall but often grows as a bush. The bark is smooth and grey, with corky raised patches containing lenticels which are used in gas exchange and the trunk is buttressed by roots. The aerial roots or pneumatophores project from the soil in knee-shaped loops and have many lenticels which allow air into the interconnecting roots while excluding water. The roots spread out widely to provide stability in the waterlogged soil. The glossy green leaves are opposite, simple and elliptical with pointed ends. The flowers are in small bunches of 2–5 in the axils of the leaves. They have 8 long green sepals and 8 smaller, greenish-white petals with several little bristles on the tip. The flowers are pollinated by insects and rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avicennia Officinalis
''Avicennia officinalis'' is a species of mangrove also known as Indian mangrove. The genus ''Avicennia'' is named after the famous Persian scientist Ibn Sina. Description The young tree forms a low, dense bushy crown. When it matures, it forms a columnar tree up to 15 m and may grow up to 30 m. The shiny green leaves, 10 cm long by 5 cm wide, have rounded apexes and golden-brown under leaf and grow in opposites. The flower, the largest among the ''Avicennia'' species has a diameter of 6 to 10 mm when expanded. It is orange yellow to lemon yellow in color. The bark is smooth, dirty green to dark gray in color. It is slightly fissured and does not flake. The fruit is green or brown, heart-shaped abruptly narrowed to a short beak, is 2.5 cm long or more. Range and habitat ''Avicennia officinalis'' ranges from the eastern Indian Ocean to the western Pacific, along the shores of India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malays ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
