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Sun Xiu (Jin Dynasty)
Sun Xiu (died 30 May 301), courtesy name Junzhong, was an official of the Jin dynasty. Sun was the favoured advisor to the Prince of Zhao, Sima Lun, who guided and supported him with advice in their rise to power. After Sima Lun took over the government in May 300, Sun Xiu was essentially in charge of running the state, as Lun delegated all affairs over to him. Sun helped Lun assume the throne in February 301, but a coalition against him led by Sima Jiong was formed shortly later. As the coalition approached Luoyang in May 301, Sun was killed in the capital during a coup led by disgruntled officials. The prominent Jin dynasty rebel, Sun En, whose rebellion in December 399 caused great trouble for the Eastern Jin, was from Sun Xiu's clan. Early life and career Sun Xiu was a native of Langya Commandery. For generations, his family followed the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice, and Sun himself was also a practitioner of this teaching. Sun grew to become a minor official in Langya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Wu
Wu (Chinese language, Chinese: 吳; pinyin: ''Wú''; Middle Chinese *''ŋuo'' < Eastern Han Chinese: ''*ŋuɑ''), known in historiography as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, was a Dynasties of China, dynastic state of China and one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period. It previously existed from 220 to 222 as a vassal kingdom nominally under Cao Wei, its rival state, but declared complete independence in November 222. It was elevated to an empire in May 229 after its founding ruler, Sun Quan (Emperor Da), declared himself Emperor of China, emperor. The name "Wu" was derived from the place it was based in—the Jiangnan (Yangtze River Delta) region, which was also historically known as "Wu (region), Wu". It was called "Dong Wu" ("Eastern Wu") or "Sun Wu" by historians to distinguish it from other Chinese historical states with similar names in that region, such as the Wu (state), Wu state in the Spring and Autumn period and the Wuyu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Way Of The Five Pecks Of Rice
The Way of the Five Pecks of Rice () or the Way of the Celestial Master, commonly abbreviated to simply The Celestial Masters, was a Chinese Taoist movement founded by the first Celestial Master, Zhang Daoling, in 142 CE. At its height, the movement controlled a theocratic state in the Hanzhong valley, north of Sichuan. In 215 CE, the state was incorporated by Cao Cao into what would later be the Kingdom of Wei, and the followers of the Celestial Master were dispersed all over China. The Celestial Masters believed that qi pervaded everything, and in order to achieve immortality, the correct balance of qi had to be present within the body. Having a poor quantity of qi in the body, would result in illness, and eventually death. Meditation could be used to restore qi to the body, but sex was to be avoided, as it could result in the loss of qi. If there was the correct balance of qi within the body upon death, an adherent could 'feign death' and be reborn. If not, an adherent wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sima Yu
Sima Yu (; 278 – 27 April 300), courtesy name Xizu (熙祖), posthumous name Crown Prince Minhuai (愍懷太子), was a crown prince of the Chinese Western Jin dynasty. Sima Yu's father Sima Zhong was developmentally disabled, and before he, then crown prince, was to marry his wife Jia Nanfeng, Zhong's father Emperor Wu gave him one of his own concubines, Consort Xie Jiu (), so that Consort Xie could teach him how to have sexual relations. While Crown Princess Jia bore the crown prince four daughters, Sima Yu was his only son. When Sima Yu was four years old, there was a fire in the palace, and Emperor Wu walked up a tower to observe it. Sima Yu pulled him aside and said, "At night, when something unusual like this happens, we should take precautions. The light of the fire should not shine on the emperor." Emperor Wu was surprised by this perceptive observation by a child, and praised the young prince as very much like his own grandfather Sima Yi. This was part of the rea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pei Wei (Jin Dynasty)
Pei Wei (267 – 7 May 300), courtesy name Yimin, was a Chinese essayist, philosopher, physician, and politician of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Western Jin dynasty. He was the cousin of Jia Nanfeng and rose to prominence during the reign of her husband, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong. Pei Wei was seen by traditional historian as one of Empress Jia's exemplary supporters along with Zhang Hua and Jia Mo. He pushed for a number of significant reforms during his tenure which met with mixed success before his execution by the Prince of Zhao, Sima Lun, in May 300 following Sima Lun's coup. Pei Wei placed great importance in conventional Confucianism, Confucianist teachings, and was taken aback by the growing popularity of Xuanxue in the court during the 290s. His essay, the ''Chongyoulun'' (), was a response to the works of He Yan and Wang Bi, particularly on their idea that the universe emerged from the concept of "non-being" (''wu'', ). Life Early life and career Pei Wei was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guo Zhang
Guo Zhang (died between July 291 and 7 May 300) was a politician of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Western Jin. He was a maternal relative of Empress Jia, and after she took power in 291, he and Empress Jia's nephew, Jia Mi, wielded significant power over the imperial court. Guo Zhang and Jia Mi were known by the people of their time as "Jia-Guo" (賈郭), and under the two, the Jin government became increasingly corrupt. Life Early career Guo Zhang was a member of the Guo clan of Yangqu County, Taiyuan Commandery. He was a cousin (or an uncle, which, if the case, means that he was also the brother of the Cao Wei general, Guo Huai (郭淮)) of Guo Huai (wife of Jia Chong), Guo Huai (郭槐), the wife of the prominent Jin minister, Jia Chong. He and Guo Huai were described as close as brother and sister, and he was also on good terms with Jia Chong. He successively served as Regular Mounted Attendant and Master of Writing. On one occasion, Emperor Wu of Jin wanted to appoint ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jia Mi
Jia Mi (died 7 May 300), courtesy name Changyuan, originally named Han Mi, was a Chinese politician of the Jin dynasty. He was the grandson of the Jin minister Jia Chong and nephew of Jin's ''de facto'' ruler between 291 and 300, Jia Nanfeng. Jia Mi was trusted with state affair by his aunt throughout her regency and wielded much influence over the Jin court. He was an extravagant minister, and under him, the Jin court became increasingly corrupted. Between 299 and 300, Jia Mi pushed his aunt for the removal and later execution of the Crown Prince, Sima Yu, a decision that would lead to the Jia clan's downfall. In May 300, Jia Mi was killed during Sima Lun's coup d'état. Life Early life and background Han Mi was born in Xiangling County, Pingyang Commandery (平陽, roughly modern Linfen, Shanxi). He was the grandson of the powerful minister, Jia Chong, through his mother, Jia Wu (260-300), who was married to an official named Han Shou (韓壽); Han Shou himself was a gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jia Nanfeng
Jia Nanfeng (257 – 13 May 300), nicknamed Shi (峕), was a Chinese empress consort. She was a daughter of Jia Chong and the first wife of Emperor Hui of the Jin dynasty and also a granddaughter of Jia Kui. She is commonly seen as a villainous figure in Chinese history, as the person who provoked the War of the Eight Princes, leading to the Wu Hu rebellions and the Jin Dynasty's loss of northern and central China. Between July 291 to May 300, she ruled the Jin empire from behind the scenes by dominating her developmentally disabled husband. Early life and marriage Jia Nanfeng was born in 257 to the Jin official Jia Chong and his second wife Guo Huai. She was their oldest daughter, although Jia Chong had two daughters from his previous marriage to noble lady Li Wan, a daughter of Li Feng. The couple had another daughter, Jia Wu (賈午), in 260. They also had two sons, both of whom died young. Jia Nanfeng also had a nursemaid, Xu Yi, who later served her as a trusted c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xin Ran (Jin Dynasty)
Xuē Xīnrán (, pen name ''Xinran'', born in Beijing in 1958) is a British-Chinese journalist, author, speaker, and advocate for women's issues. She was a popular radio personality in China with a call-in program named "Words on the Night Breeze" from 1989 to 1997. The program focused on women's issues and life stories. She was well known for travelling extensively in China to interview women for her work. In 1997, she moved to London and began writing stories of the women she met along her journeys. Her first book, '' The Good Women of China'', was published in 2002, becoming an international bestseller. She frequently contributes to The Guardian and the BBC. Education First Military University of People's Liberation Army, 1983–1987; English and International Relations Personal life Xinran was born into a wealthy and privileged family on 19 July 1958. She was raised by her grandparents due to her parents' imprisonment during China's cultural revolution. She has said that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Hua
Zhang Hua (232 – 7 May 300), courtesy name Maoxian, was a Chinese poet and politician of the Western Jin dynasty and the preceding state of Cao Wei. An accomplished poet, Zhang also authored the ''Bowuzhi'', a compendium of entries about natural wonders and supernatural phenomena. His political career reached its zenith from 291 to 300, when he served as a leading minister during the ''de facto'' regency of Empress Jia Nanfeng over her husband Emperor Hui of Jin. Zhang was considered an effective minister and, in conjunction with his colleague Pei Wei, helped ensure a period of relative stability within the Jin court. As the court fell into factional disputes from 299 to 300, Zhang rebuffed the rebellious overtures of Emperor Hui's granduncle Sima Lun and was executed when the latter seized power from the empress. Background and service under Wei Zhang Hua's father, Zhang Ping (), was a commandery administrator in the Cao Wei state during the Three Kingdoms period. He died w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sima Rong
Sima Rong ( zh, , s=司马肜, t=司馬肜; died 18 June 302), courtesy name Zihui (子徽), posthumously known as Prince Xiao of Liang (梁孝王), was the son of Sima Yi and his concubine Lady Zhang, and a younger half-brother of Sima Shi and Sima Zhao. Sima Yi, Sima Shi and Sima Zhao eventually became regents of the Cao Wei state during the Three Kingdoms era. Besides his heritage, Sima Rong was known for his involvement in the death of Jin official Zhou Chu, his association with his half-brother Sima Lun, and his relative mediocrity in the various positions he held in the Western Jin government during the reigns of his nephew, Emperor Wu of Jin, and his grandnephew Emperor Hui. Life under Cao Wei Sima Rong was born in the 230s or 240s, as the son of Sima Yi and his concubine Lady Zhang. Sima Rong held a number of minor titles during the Cao Wei regencies of his father and half-brothers Sima Shi and Sima Zhao. Around February or March 250, he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Pingl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qi Wannian
Qi Wannian (died February or March 299), or Qiwannian, was an ethnic Di (Five Barbarians), Di chieftain and rebel leader during the Jin dynasty (266–420), Western Jin dynasty of China. In 296, he became the leader of a tribal uprising against Jin in Qín Prefecture, Qin and Yong Province, Yong provinces that lasted until early 299. The rebellion raised concerns among some ministers regarding the tension between the Han Chinese, Han and tribal people while also triggering mass displacement and migration of refugees into Hanzhong Basin, Hanzhong and Sichuan. Prelude During the Han dynasty and Cao Wei period, the Guanzhong region was home to many ethnic groups such as the Qiang (historical people), Qiang and Di (Five Barbarians), Di. Due to oppression by local Han administrators, these groups, most notably the Qiang, would frequently rebel against the ruling dynasties and such events only intensified during the Western Jin period. In 270, during the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yong Province
Yong Province or Yongzhou was the name of various regions and provinces in ancient China, usually around the Wei River or the imperial capital. Geographical region In the ''Book of Documents'', Yongzhou is mentioned as one of the legendary Nine Provinces (China), Nine Provinces of China's prehistoric antiquity. From the Western Zhou dynasty to the Western Jin dynasty, the name Yongzhou was applied to the area around the imperial capital, whether it was the Wei River, Wei Valley (also known as Guanzhong) or the territory around Luoyang. When Emperor Wu of Han, Emperor Wu of the Western Han dynasty created the 13 inspectorates (刺史部; ), the western part of Yongzhou became part of Liangzhou Inspectorate (凉州刺史部) and its eastern part was governed by the Colonel-Director of Retainers (司隶校尉). Han province When Emperor Wu of Han relocated the Han capital to Luoyang, he briefly established a formal Yong Province. However, he abolished it soon after. Han inspe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
