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Summit Camp
Summit Camp, also known as Summit Station, is a year-round staffed research station near the apex of the Greenland ice sheet. The station is located at above sea level. The population of the station is typically five in wintertime and reaches a maximum of 38 in the summer. The station is operated by the United States National Science FoundationArctic Logistics Information And Support (ALIAS) through the logistical-support contractor Battelle Memorial Institute, Battelle Arctic Research Operations (Battelle ARO). A permit from the Danish Polar Center () under the auspices of the Parliament of Greenland, Government of Greenland () is required to visit the station. Geography The station is located approximately from the east coast of Greenland, from the west coast ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glacier Ice Accumulation
Glacier ice accumulation occurs through accumulation of snow and other frozen precipitation, as well as through other means including rime ice (freezing of water vapor on the glacier surface), avalanching from hanging glaciers on cliffs and mountainsides above, and re-freezing of glacier meltwater as superimposed ice. Accumulation is one element in the glacier mass balance formula, with ablation counteracting. With successive years in which accumulation exceeds ablation, then a glacier will experience positive mass balance, and its terminus will advance. Accumulation zones Glaciologists subdivide glaciers into glacier accumulation zones, based on the melting and refreezing occurring. These zones include the dry snow zone, in which the ice entirely retains subfreezing temperatures and no melting occurs. Dry snow zones only occur within the interior regions of the Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets. Below the dry snow zone is the percolation In physics, chemistry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenn Borek Air
Kenn Borek Air is an airline based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It operates regional passenger and cargo services, contract operations in the Arctic and Antarctic and aircraft leasing. Its main base is at Calgary International Airport. It charters aircraft for scientific expeditions, oil exploration, etc., and operates air ambulance services. History The airline was established in 1966 as Vic Turner Ltd which operated a single de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter providing air support for oil exploration activities in the Canadian Arctic. Renamed Kenn Borek Air after being purchased by Borek Construction in 1971, the company acquired the Aklavik Flying Services which was founded in April 1947 by Michael Zubko operating a single Aeronca Champion at that time. In 1975 Kenn Borek acquired Kenting Atlas Aviation. Kenting Atlas Aviation had been formed in 1972 with the purchase of Weldy Phipps's Atlas Aviation (established in 1962) by Kenting Aviation. This was the second iteration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twin Otter
The de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter is a Canadian STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) utility aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada in the mid-1960s and still in production today. Built by De Havilland Canada from 1965 to 1988, Viking Air purchased the type certificate and restarted production in 2008, before re-adopting the DHC name in 2022. In 2023, DHC started production of the 300-G, an upgraded version of the Series 400 with Garmin avionics. The aircraft's fixed tricycle undercarriage, STOL capabilities, twin turboprop engines and high rate of climb have made it a successful commuter airliner, typically seating 18–20 passengers, as well as a cargo and medical evacuation aircraft. In addition, the Twin Otter has been popular with commercial skydiving operations, and is used by the United States Army Parachute Team and the 98th Flying Training Squadron of the United States Air Force. Design and development Development of the aircraft began in 1964, with the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LC-130 Hercules
The Lockheed LC-130 is a ski-equipped United States Air Force variant of the C-130 Hercules used in the Arctic and Antarctic. Ten are currently in service with the 109th Airlift Wing of the New York Air National Guard. Design and development The LC-130 started as a prototype model developed by modifying a ''C-130A'' with skis in 1956. After testing in 1957, 12 additional C-130A models were modified with skis and hydraulics under the designation of ''C-130D''. In 1959 the first four factory equipped, ski-based Hercules were produced under the Navy designation of UV-1L. These C-130s are USAF C-130B models. Later in the program the designation was changed from UV-1L to C-130BL. This designation was again later changed to LC-130F when aircraft nomenclature was standardized for all services by the United States Department of Defense, U.S. Department of Defense in 1962. These four aircraft were bought by the U.S. Navy to support the Navy's Antarctic expedition that was ongoing at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kangerlussuaq Airport
Kangerlussuaq Airport (, , formerly ''Søndre Strømfjord Lufthavn'' in Danish) is an airport in Kangerlussuaq, a settlement in the Qeqqata municipality in central-western Greenland. It was originally built as Sondrestrom Air Base (Bluie West-8) in 1941, but assumed its current civilian role in 1992. Alongside Nuuk Airport and Narsarsuaq Airport, it is one of only three civilian airports in Greenland large enough to handle large aircraft. It is still used for NATO and Danish Defence purposes. Kangerlussuaq Airport was previously the international hub for Air Greenland. Most traffic transitioned to Nuuk Airport in November 2024, coinciding with the opening of its new lengthened runway and terminal. History Foundation and early years The first airport was built here during the US occupation in 1941 under the name of Bluie West-8, later renamed Sondrestromfjord Air Base and Sondrestrom Air Base. The airport is located away from the coast and hence less prone to fog and win ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danish Meteorological Institute
The Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI; ) is the official Danish meteorological institute, administrated by the Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities. It makes weather forecasts and observations for Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands. History The Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) was founded in 1872, primarily through the efforts of Ludwig A. Colding. DMI integrates the expertise of three predecessor organizations: the former Meteorological Institute, the Meteorological Service for Civil Aviation, and the Meteorological Service for Defence. * The Meteorological Institute was established in 1872 under the Ministry of the Navy. * The Meteorological Service for Civil Aviation began operations in 1926 as part of the Civil Aviation Administration. * The Meteorological Service for Defence was created in 1953. The current DMI was formed in 1990 through the merger of these three institutions. It operates under the Ministry of Transport and employs approximately 38 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ice Cap Climate
An ice cap climate is a polar climate where no mean monthly temperature exceeds . The climate generally covers areas at high altitudes and Polar regions of Earth, polar regions (60–90° north and south latitude), such as Antarctica and some of the northernmost islands of Canada and Russia. Most of Greenland is under the influence of an ice cap climate, although the coasts are prone to more influence from the sea, providing more Tundra climate, tundra climates. Some regions on the islands of Norway's Svalbard, Svalbard Archipelago facilitate an ice cap climate. Areas with ice cap climates are normally covered by a permanent layer of ice and have no vegetation. There is limited animal life in most ice cap climates, which are usually found near the oceanic margins. Although ice cap climates are inhospitable to human life and no civilian communities lie in such climates, there are some research stations scattered in Antarctica and interior Greenland. Description Under the Köppen cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greenland Telescope
The Greenland Telescope is a radio telescope situated at the Thule Air Base in north-western Greenland. It will later be deployed at the Summit Station research camp, located at the highest point of the Greenland ice sheet at an altitude of 3,210 meters (10,530 feet). The telescope is an international collaboration between: * The Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics ''(Taiwan)'' (project leaders) * The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory of the Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian ''(United States)'' * The National Radio Astronomy Observatory ''(United States)'' * The Haystack Observatory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ''(United States)'' In 2011 the U.S. National Science Foundation gave the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory a 12-meter radio antenna that had been used as a prototype for the ALMA project in Chile. The antenna was to be deployed in Greenland. Deploying the telescope in the middle of Greenland is ideal for dete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedrock
In geology, bedrock is solid rock that lies under loose material ( regolith) within the crust of Earth or another terrestrial planet. Definition Bedrock is the solid rock that underlies looser surface material. An exposed portion of bedrock is often called an outcrop. The various kinds of broken and weathered rock material, such as soil and subsoil, that may overlie the bedrock are known as regolith. Engineering geology The surface of the bedrock beneath the soil cover (regolith) is also known as ''rockhead'' in engineering geology, and its identification by digging, drilling or geophysical methods is an important task in most civil engineering projects. Superficial deposits can be very thick, such that the bedrock lies hundreds of meters below the surface. Weathering of bedrock Exposed bedrock experiences weathering, which may be physical or chemical, and which alters the structure of the rock to leave it susceptible to erosion. Bedrock may also experience subsur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geodesic Dome
A geodesic dome is a hemispherical thin-shell structure (lattice-shell) based on a geodesic polyhedron. The rigid triangular elements of the dome distribute stress throughout the structure, making geodesic domes able to withstand very heavy loads for their size. History The first geodesic dome was designed after World War I by Walther Bauersfeld, chief engineer of Carl Zeiss Jena, an optical company, for a planetarium to house his planetarium projector. An initial, small dome was patented and constructed by the firm of Dykerhoff and Wydmann on the roof of the Carl Zeiss Werke in Jena, Germany. A larger dome, called "The Wonder of Jena", opened to the public on July 18, 1926. Twenty years later, Buckminster Fuller coined the term "geodesic" from field experiments with artist Kenneth Snelson at Black Mountain College in 1948 and 1949. Although Fuller was not the original inventor, he is credited with the U.S. popularization of the idea for which he received on 29 J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York Air National Guard
The New York Air National Guard (NY ANG) is the aerial militia of the U.S. state of New York. It is an element of the New York National Guard as part of the larger Air National Guard, a reservist force under the command of the United States Air Force. As state militia units, the units in the New York Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of New York through the office of the New York Adjutant General unless they are activated for federal service by order of the President of the United States. The New York Air National Guard is headquartered at Stratton Air National Guard Base, Glenville, New York, and its current commander is Major General Timothy J. LaBarge. Overview Under the "Total Force" concept, New York Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components (ARC) of the United States Air Force (USAF). New York ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Forc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
