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Sultan Ali Iskandar Shah
Sultan Ali Iskandar Shah I ibni almarhum Sultan Ahmad Hussein Muazzam Shah I () was the 20th Sultan of Johor, who succeeded his father, Sultan Hussein Shah after the latter died of natural causes in 1835. Over the next twenty years, Sultan Ali's claim to being the Sultan of Johor was only recognised by some merchants and a few Malays. Like his father, Sultan Ali was a puppet monarch and played a minimal role in the administrative affairs of the state, which came under the charge of the Temenggong and the British. In 1855, Sultan Ali ceded the sovereignty rights of Johor (except Kesang in Muar) to Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim, in exchange for formal recognition as the "Sultan of Johor" by the British and a monthly allowance. Following the secession of Johor, Sultan Ali was granted administrative charge over Muar until his death in 1877, and in most administrative matters, was often styled as the "Sultan of Muar".Burns, Wilkinson, ''Papers on Malay Subjects'', p.72 In the end they sign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Of Johor
The Sultan of Johor (Malay language, Malay: ''Sultan Johor''; Jawi script, Jawi: ) is a hereditary seat and the sovereign ruler of the Malaysian state of Johor. In the past, the sultan held absolute power over the state and was advised by a ''bendahara''. Currently, the role of ''bendahara'' has been taken over by Menteri Besar of Johor, first minister (Malay language, Malay: ''Menteri Besar'') with the constitutional monarchy system via Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor, Johor State Constitution. The sultan is the constitutional head of state of Johor. The sultan has his own independent military force, the Royal Johor Military Force (Malay: ''Askar Timbalan Setia Negeri Johor''). The sultan is also the Head of Islam in Johor. History The first sultan of Johor was Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor, Alauddin Riayat Shah II, who reigned from 1528 to 1564. He was the son of the last sultan of Malacca, Mahmud Shah of Malacca, Mahmud Shah. The descendants of the Sultanate of Malacca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muar (district)
The Muar District is a district in Johor, Malaysia. Muar is located at the mouth of the Muar River, on the coast of the Straits of Malacca. The Muar District covers , with a population of 233,779 (2010). The district borders Tangkak District to the west, Segamat District to the north, and Batu Pahat District to the east. History The district was formerly divided administratively into Bandar Maharani municipality and Tangkak township. Upon upgrade of Tangkak sub-district to full-fledged Tangkak District (initially Ledang), Bandar Maharani is now administered by Muar Municipal Council (formerly South Muar Town Council, later Muar Town Council) under the Muar District Office, while Tangkak of Ledang is administered by Tangkak Town Council (formerly North Muar Town Council) under the Tangkak (formerly Ledang) District Office. A new administration hub and transportation hub integrated with bus terminal and market called Maharani Sentral are being planned to be built at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chettiar
Chettiar (also spelt as Chetti and Chetty) is a title used by many traders, weaving, agricultural and land-owning castes in South India, especially in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. Etymology Chettiar/Chetty is derived from the Sanskrit word (Devanagari: श्रेष्ठ) or (Devanagari: श्रेष्ठीन्), meaning superior. This term was later Prakritised as (Devanagari: सेठी), and eventually became (Devanagari: शेट) or (Devanagari: शेटी) in modern Indo-Aryan dialects. In early Indian literature, the term referred to a wealthy class of merchants associated with the Vysya varna. Historical significance The Chettiar title has been associated with a diverse range of communities, including merchant groups, agriculturalists, and artisans. The title is also used by certain subgroups of the Vellalar caste, highlighting its adaptability across regions and professions. During the colonial era, Chettiars, par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raja Temenggung Of Muar
Raja Temenggung of Muar(Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, ''Ahlul-bait (keluarga) Rasulullah SAW & raja-raja Melayu'', pg 182 (also known by the title of Temenggong Paduka Tuan of Muar)R. O. Winstedt, ''A History of Johore (1365–1941)'', pg 129 was a noble title used to refer to the family of Dato' Pasir Raja @ Sayyid Ja'afar bin Tun Muhammad Ali Al-'Aydarūs and his descendants, which ruled the Muar fief, which was a part of the Johor Empire from the middle of the seventeenth century onwards. History During the mid-seventeenth century, the Sultan of Johor took the hand of Marhum Bakal, the sister of Bendahara Tun Habib Abdul Majid and Sayyid Ja'afar, the Dato' Pasir Raja. As a dowry, Dato' Pasir Raja was granted the fief of Muar. The first Raja Temenggung of Muar is Sa Akar di-Raja whose mausoleum is found Kampung Lubuk Batu, Segamat next to the mausoleum of Bendahara Tepok founder of Segamat; his descendants were similarly buried at Kampung Lubuk Batu. The 7th Raja Temenggung, Engku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lingga Islands
The Lingga Regency () is a group of 600 islands in Indonesia, located south of Singapore and along both sides of the equator, off the eastern coast of Riau Province on Sumatra island. They are due south of the populated Riau Archipelago, known for the industrial island of Batam and the tourist-frequented island of Bintan, although the Lingga Islands themselves are rarely visited due to the infrequent local transportation. The equator goes through the northern tip of Lingga Island, the main island in the archipelago. Administratively they form a Regencies of Indonesia, Regency of the Riau Islands Province with a land area of 2,250.45 km2 and a population of 86,244 people at the 2010 census and 98,633 at the 2020 census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 102,474.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, ''Kabupaten Lingga Dalam Angka 2024'' (summation of Katalog reports on individual districts as specified in the reference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Jure
In law and government, ''de jure'' (; ; ) describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with '' de facto'' ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized. Definition ''De jure'' is a Latin expression composed of the words ''de'',("from, of") and ''jure'',("law", adjectival form of '' jus''). Thus, it is descriptive of a structural argument or position derived "from law". Usage Jurisprudence and ''de jure'' law In U.S. law, particularly after '' Brown v. Board of Education'' (1954), the difference between ''de facto'' segregation (that existed because of voluntary associations and neighborhoods) and ''de jure'' segregation (that existed because of local laws) became important distinctions for court-mandated remedial purposes. Government and culture Between 1805 and 1914, the ruling dynasty of Egypt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Dutch Treaty Of 1824
The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London (), was a treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on 17 March 1824. The treaty was to resolve disputes arising from the execution of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. For the Dutch, it was signed by Hendrik Fagel and Anton Reinhard Falck, and for the British, George Canning and Charles Williams-Wynn (1775–1850), Charles Williams-Wynn. History The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, designed to solve issues arising from British occupation of Dutch colonial possessions during the Napoleonic Wars, as well as trading rights existing for hundreds of years in the Spice Islands between the two nations, addressed a wide array of issues but did not clearly describe limitations of expansion by either side in maritime Southeast Asia. The Founding years of modern Singapore, British establishment of Singapore on the Malay Peninsula in 1819 by Sir Stamford Raffles exacerbated tensions between the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmund Augustus Blundell (diplomat)
Edmund Augustus Blundell (8 August 1804 – 12 October 1868) was a British colonial administrator. History Born 8 August 1804 in Taunton, Somerset, England, the son of William Blundell and Mary Ann Horniblow. He joined the East India Company as a writer in 1820 and was a British diplomat and Commissioner of Tenasserim from 1833 to 1843, Resident Councillor of Malacca from 1847 to 1849 and Resident Councillor of Penang from 1849 to 1855. He became Governor of the Straits Settlements (1855–1859), which was administered by British India. Whilst in Asia he had a Burmese mistress who he had 11 children with. He gave them his name and sent them to be educated in Calcutta and England. He married Mellor Mynors Farmer on 22 January 1861 after he had returned to England.England and Wales Civil Registration Marriage Index 1837–1915 Year 1861 Registration quarter Jan Feb Mar, District Kensington, London, Volume 1a, page 102 Blundell died in 1868 at Harrogate Harrogate ( ) is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William John Butterworth
Major-General William John Butterworth (10 June 1801 – 4 November 1856) was the governor of the Straits Settlements from August 1843 to 21 March 1855. In 1851, when the Straits Settlements were transferred from the authority of the Governor of Bengal to be directly under the control of the Governor-General of India, Butterworth remained as governor. Career Butterworth joined the army in Madras and rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the 38th Madras Regiment. While he was governor of the Straits Settlements, Butterworth was instrumental in establishing the Singapore Volunteer Corps. Butterworth was later promoted to major general in 1855. Personal life Butterworth's parents were Captain William Butterworth RN and his wife Ann (née Hodgkinson). Captain Butterworth died at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Awards and honours Butterworth was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Bakar Of Johor
Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah ibni Almarhum Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim ( Jawi: ; 3 February 1833 – 4 June 1895) was the Temenggong of Johor. He was the 1st sultan of modern Johor, the 21st Sultan of Johor and the first Maharaja of Johor from the House of Temenggong. He was also informally known as "The Father of Modern Johor", as many historians accredited Johor's development in the 19th century to Abu Bakar's leadership. He initiated policies and provided aids to ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs to stimulate the development of the state's agricultural economy which was founded by Chinese migrants from southern China in the 1840s. He also took charge of the development of Johor's infrastructure, administrative system, military and civil service, all of which were modelled closely along Western lines. Abu Bakar was noted for his diplomatic skills, and both the British and Malay rulers had approached him for advice in making important decisions. He was also an avid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Henry Macleod Read
William Henry Macleod Read (7 February 1819 – 10 May 1909) was an active participant in the commercial, political and social life of Singapore and the Malay states between 1841 and 1887. Early life Read was born in Scotland, the son of Christopher Rideout Read, co-partner of A. L. Johnston & Company. Aged 22, he travelled to Singapore to take his father's place at A. L. Johnston & Company, Singapore's leading merchant company at that time, his father retiring and returning to England the following year (1842). Alexander Laurie Johnston, his father's co-partner, retired and left Singapore in December. Read headed the company until his own retirement in 1887. Read was predeceased by his wife, Marjory Cumming-Read at age 21 on 24 June 1849. Cumming-Read was the daughter of banker John Cumming of Forres, Scotland and there is a stone marker in her memory as his "beloved and lamented wife" at St Andrew's Cathedral, Singapore. Contributions to early colonial Singapore William Read ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaozhou
Chaozhou ( zh, t=潮州), alternatively Chiuchow, Chaochow or Teochew, is a city in the eastern Guangdong province of China. It borders Shantou to the south, Jieyang to the southwest, Meizhou to the northwest, the province of Fujian to the east, and the South China Sea to the southeast. It is administered as a prefecture-level city with a jurisdiction area of and a total population of 2,568,387. It is also the ancestral hometown of 2.7 million overseas Teochow people. Along with Shantou and Jieyang, Chaozhou is a cultural center of the Chaoshan region. History The Chenqiaobei Hill Site was discovered in the west of Chaozhou City. The unearthed cultural relics show that the ancestors of Chaozhou had already started a life of fishing, farming and hunting about 6,000-5,000 years ago. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Fubin Culture in Raoping was a representative example, indicating that this place had entered the bronze and agricultural civilization. In 214 BC, Chaozhou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
