|
Sulfur Dichloride
Sulfur dichloride is the chemical compound with the formula . This cherry-red liquid is the simplest sulfur chloride and one of the most common, and it is used as a precursor to organosulfur compounds. It is a highly corrosive and toxic substance, and it reacts on contact with water to form chlorine-containing acids. Chlorination of sulfur is produced by the chlorination of either elemental sulfur or disulfur dichloride. The process occurs in a series of steps, some of which are: :; ''ΔH'' = −58.2 kJ/mol :; ''ΔH'' = −40.6 kJ/mol The addition of to has been proposed to proceed via a mixed valence intermediate . undergoes even further chlorination to give , but this species is unstable at near room temperature. It is likely that several exist where ''n'' > 2. Disulfur dichloride, , is a common impurity in . Separation of from is possible via distillation with to form an azeotrope of 99% purity. Sulfur dichloride loses chlorine slowly at room temperature, convert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disulfur Dichloride
Disulfur dichloride (or disulphur dichloride by the British English spelling) is the inorganic compound of sulfur and chlorine with the Chemical formula, formula . It is an amber oily liquid. Sometimes, this compound is incorrectly named ''sulfur monochloride'' (or ''sulphur monochloride'' by the British English spelling), the name implied by its empirical formula SCl. has the structure implied by the formula , wherein the dihedral angle between the and planes is 85.2°. This structure is referred to as Conformational isomerism, gauche, and is akin to that for Hydrogen peroxide, . A rare isomer of is (thiothionyl chloride); this isomer forms transiently when is exposed to UV-radiation (see thiosulfoxides). Synthesis, basic properties, reactions Disulfur dichloride is a yellow liquid that fumes in moist air due to reaction with water: : It is produced by partial chlorination of elemental sulfur. The reaction proceeds at usable rates at room temperature. In the laboratory, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azeotrope
An azeotrope () or a constant heating point mixture is a mixture of two or more liquids whose proportions cannot be changed by simple distillation.Moore, Walter J. ''Physical Chemistry'', 3rd e Prentice-Hall 1962, pp. 140–142 This happens because when an azeotrope is boiled, the vapour has the same proportions of constituents as the unboiled mixture. Knowing an azeotrope's behavior is important for distillation. Each azeotrope has a characteristic boiling point. The boiling point of an azeotrope is either less than the boiling point temperatures of any of its constituents (a positive azeotrope), or greater than the boiling point of any of its constituents (a negative azeotrope). For both positive and negative azeotropes, it is not possible to separate the components by fractional distillation and azeotropic distillation is usually used instead. For technical applications, the pressure-temperature-composition behavior of a mixture is the most important, but other important ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrogen Chloride
The Chemical compound, compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula and as such is a hydrogen halide. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry. Hydrochloric acid, the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, is also commonly given the formula HCl. Reactions Hydrogen chloride is a diatomic molecule, consisting of a hydrogen atom H and a chlorine atom Cl connected by a Polar-covalent bond, polar covalent bond. The chlorine atom is much more Electronegativity, electronegative than the hydrogen atom, which makes this bond polar. Consequently, the molecule has a large Molecular dipole moment, dipole moment with a negative partial charge (δ−) at the chlorine atom and a positive partial charge (δ+) at the hydrogen atom. In part because of its high polarity, HCl is very soluble in water (and in other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrolyzes
Hydrolysis (; ) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution reaction, substitution, elimination reaction, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water is the nucleophile. Biological hydrolysis is the cleavage of Biomolecule, biomolecules where a water molecule is consumed to effect the separation of a larger molecule into component parts. When a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g., sucrose being broken down into glucose and fructose), this is recognized as saccharification. Hydrolysis reactions can be the reverse of a condensation reaction in which two molecules join into a larger one and eject a water molecule. Thus hydrolysis adds water to break down, whereas condensation builds up by removing water. Types Usually hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule of water is added to a substance. Sometimes this addition causes both the su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfur Diimide
Sulfur diimides are chemical compounds of the formula S(NR)2. Structurally, they are the diimine of sulfur dioxide. The parent member, S(NH)2, is of only theoretical interest. Other derivatives where R is an organic group are stable and useful reagents. Organic derivatives A particularly stable derivative is di- ''t''-butylsulfurdiimide.Kresze, G.; Wucherpfennig, W., "Organic synthesis with imides of sulfur dioxide", Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1967, volume 6, 149-167. It is prepared by reaction of ''tert''-butylamine with sulfur dichloride to give the intermediate "S(N-''t''-Bu)", which decomposes at 60 °C to give the diimide. However, most sulfur diimides are not produced from such elimination reactions. Typically, sulfur diimides arise from treatment of sulfur tetrafluoride with amines, or from transamidation reactions. The latter typically requires amide reactants that are less basic than the products, as with disulfonylsulfodiimide... :S(NSO2Ph)2 + 2 RNH2 � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrasulfur Tetranitride
Tetrasulfur tetranitride is an inorganic compound with the formula . This vivid orange, opaque, crystalline explosive is the most important binary sulfur nitride, which are compounds that contain only the elements sulfur and nitrogen. It is a precursor to many S-N compounds and has attracted wide interest for its unusual structure and bonding. Nitrogen and sulfur have similar electronegativities. When the properties of atoms are so highly similar, they often form extensive families of covalently bonded structures and compounds. Indeed, a large number of S-N and S-NH compounds are known with as their parent. Structure adopts an unusual "extreme cradle" structure, with D2d point group symmetry. It can be viewed as a derivative of a (hypothetical) eight-membered ring (or more simply a 'deformed' eight-membered ring) of alternating sulfur and nitrogen atoms. The pairs of sulfur atoms across the ring are separated by 2.586 Å, resulting in a cage-like structure as determine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfur Difluoride
Sulfur difluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SF2. It can be generated by the reaction of sulfur dichloride and potassium fluoride or mercury(II) fluoride at low pressures: :SCl2 + 2 KF → SF2 + 2 KCl :SCl2 + HgF2 → SF2 + HgCl2 The F−S−F bond angle is 98°, and the length of S−F bond is 159 pm. The compound is highly unstable, dimerising to FSSF3. This unsymmetrical isomer of S2F4 is proposed to arise via insertion of SF2 into the S−F bond of a second molecule SF2: It can also be formed from oxygen difluoride and hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula . It is a colorless chalcogen-hydride gas, and is toxic, corrosive, and flammable. Trace amounts in ambient atmosphere have a characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. Swedish chemist ...: :OF2 + H2S → SF2 + H2O References {{Fluorides Sulfur(II) compounds Fluorides Sulfur fluorides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide
Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide is the organosulfur compound with the formula . It is a prominent member of a family of cytotoxic and blister agents known as mustard agents. Sometimes referred to as ''mustard gas'', the term is technically incorrect: bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide is a liquid at room temperature. In warfare it was dispersed in the form of a fine mist of liquid droplets. Synthesis Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide has been prepared in a variety of ways. In the Depretz method, sulfur dichloride is treated with ethylene: : In the Levinstein process, disulfur dichloride is used instead: : + S8 In the Meyer method, thiodiglycol is produced from chloroethanol and sodium sulfide, and the resulting diol is then treated with phosphorus trichloride: : In the Meyer–Clarke method, concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used instead of PCl3: : Thionyl chloride and phosgene, the latter of which is also a choking agent, have also been used as chlorinating agents. These compounds ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustard Gas
Mustard gas or sulfur mustard are names commonly used for the organosulfur compound, organosulfur chemical compound bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, which has the chemical structure S(CH2CH2Cl)2, as well as other Chemical species, species. In the wider sense, compounds with the substituents are known as ''sulfur mustards'' or ''nitrogen mustards'', respectively, where X = Cl or Br. Such compounds are potent alkylating agents, making mustard gas acutely and severely toxic. Mustard gas is a carcinogen. There is no preventative agent against mustard gas, with protection depending entirely on skin and airways protection, and no antidote exists for mustard poisoning. Also known as mustard agents, this family of compounds comprises infamous cytotoxicity, cytotoxins and blister agents with a long history of use as chemical weapons. The name ''mustard gas'' is technically incorrect; the substances, when Dispersion (chemistry), dispersed, are often not gases but a fine mist of liquid droplet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thioether
In organic chemistry, a sulfide (British English sulphide) or thioether is an organosulfur functional group with the connectivity as shown on right. Like many other sulfur-containing compounds, Volatile organic compound, volatile sulfides have foul odors. A sulfide is similar to an ether except that it contains a sulfur atom in place of the oxygen. The grouping of oxygen and sulfur in the periodic table suggests that the chemical properties of ethers and sulfides are somewhat similar, though the extent to which this is true in practice varies depending on the application. Nomenclature Sulfides are sometimes called thioethers, especially in the old literature. The two organic substituents are indicated by the prefixes. (CH3)2S is called dimethylsulfide. Some sulfides are named by modifying the common name for the corresponding ether. For example, C6H5SCH3 is methyl phenyl sulfide, but is more commonly called thioanisole, since its structure is related to that for anisole, C6H5OCH ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,5-Cyclooctadiene
1,5-Cyclooctadiene (also known as cycloocta-1,5-diene) is a cyclic compound, cyclic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula , specifically . There are three configurational isomers with this structure, that differ by the arrangement of the four C–C single bonds adjacent to the double bonds. Each pair of single bonds can be on the same side () or on opposite sides () of the double bond's plane; the three possibilities are denoted , , and ; or (), (), and (). (Because of overall symmetry, is the same configuration as .) Generally abbreviated COD, the isomer of this diene is a useful precursor to other organic compounds and serves as a ligand in organometallic chemistry. It is a colorless liquid with a strong odor. 1,5-Cyclooctadiene can be prepared by dimerization of butadiene in the presence of a nickel catalyst, a coproduct being 4-Vinylcyclohexene, vinylcyclohexene. Approximately 10,000 tons were produced in 2005. Organic reactions COD reacts with borane to give 9-Borabicy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkenes
In organic chemistry, an alkene, or olefin, is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon–carbon double bond. The double bond may be internal or at the terminal position. Terminal alkenes are also known as Alpha-olefin, α-olefins. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Preferred IUPAC name, recommends using the name "alkene" only for Open-chain compound, acyclic hydrocarbons with just one double bond; alkadiene, alkatriene, etc., or polyene for acyclic hydrocarbons with two or more double bonds; cycloalkene, cycloalkadiene, etc. for Cyclic compound, cyclic ones; and "olefin" for the general class – cyclic or acyclic, with one or more double bonds. Acyclic alkenes, with only one double bond and no other functional groups (also known as mono-enes) form a homologous series of hydrocarbons with the general formula with ''n'' being a >1 natural number (which is two hydrogens less than the corresponding alkane). When ''n'' is four or more, isomers are possible, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
