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Suleiman Frangieh, Jr.
Sleiman Tony Frangieh (; born 18 October 1965) is a Lebanese politician. He is the incumbent leader of the Marada Movement, and a former Member of the Lebanese Parliament for the Maronite seat of Zgharta–Zawyie, in North Lebanon. Politically he is considered an ally of former Syrian president Bashar al-Assad. He was the primary candidate for Hezbollah's faction for the 2022–2025 Lebanese presidential election, before withdrawing. Early life Suleiman was born in Zgharta, Lebanon on 18 October 1965 into the Frangieh family, a prominent Lebanese political family who claim descent from Franks that settled in Lebanon during the Crusades. He is the son of the late Tony Frangieh, who was assassinated in the Ehden massacre in 1978, and grandson of the former Lebanese President Suleiman Frangieh. Lebanese journalist and politician Samir Frangieh was Suleiman's cousin once removed. Lebanese civil war Suleiman Frangieh's grandfather brought him to Syria after the Ehden massacr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marada Movement
The Marada Movement () is a Lebanese political party and a former militia active during the Lebanese Civil War named after the legendary Marada (also called Mardaites) warriors of the early Middle Ages that fought on the external edge of the Byzantine Empire. Originally designated the Marada Brigade ( ''Liwa al-Marada''), the group initially emerged as the personal militia of Suleiman Frangieh, president of Lebanon at the outbreak of the war in 1975, which also had a Parliamentary wing known as the Frangieh Bloc. They were also initially known as the '' Zgharta Liberation Army'', after Frangieh's hometown of Zgharta in northern Lebanon. Marada in Lebanese history The Marada were a group of independent communities in Lebanon and the surrounding highlands after the conquest of Syria by the Arab army in 630 CE. While some historians argue that the Marada "States" were that of a Maronite Aramaic-speaking Christian warrior elite, other historians tend to downplay their importance, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maronite Christianity In Lebanon
Lebanese Maronite Christians (; ) refers to Lebanese people who are members of the Maronite Church in Lebanon, the largest Christian body in the country. The Lebanese Maronite population is concentrated mainly in Mount Lebanon and East Beirut. They are believed to constitute about 30% of the total population of Lebanon. The Maronites and the Druze founded modern Lebanon in the early eighteenth century through the ruling and social system known as the " Maronite–Druze dualism." The 1860 Druze–Maronite conflict led to the establishment of Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate, an autonomous entity within the Ottoman Empire dominated by Maronites and protected by European powers. In the aftermath of the First World War, the Maronites successfully campaigned for Greater Lebanon carved out from Mount Lebanon and neighboring areas. Under the French Mandate, and until the end of the Second World War, the Maronites gained substantial influence. Post-independence, they dominated Lebane ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bassel Al-Assad
Bassel al-Assad (; 23 March 196221 January 1994) was a Syrian military officer, engineer and politician. He was the eldest son of the 18th Syrian president Hafez al-Assad. He was expected to succeed his father as president until his death in a car crash in January 1994. After his death, his younger brother Bashar became heir apparent to the Syrian presidency and ultimately succeeded their father upon his death. Early life Bassel al-Assad was born on 23 March 1962 in the national capital city of Damascus, in the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria), into an Alawite family. He was the son of Hafez al-Assad, and Anisa Makhlouf. He had an older sister named Bushra and three brothers named Bashar, Majd, and Maher. He was trained as a civil engineer, and held a PhD in military sciences. He said about his childhood: Career Trained in parachuting, he was commissioned in the Special Forces and later switched to the armoured corps after training in Soviet military academies. He wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kataeb Party
The Kataeb Party (), officially the Kataeb Party – Lebanese Social Democratic Party ( '), also known as the Phalangist Party, is a right-wing Christian political party in Lebanon founded by Pierre Gemayel in 1936. The party and its paramilitary wings played a major role in the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990), opposing Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon as well as collaborating with Israel. The Phalangists were responsible for the Black Saturday massacre, the Tel al-Zaatar massacre, Ehden massacre, and the Karantina massacre. In 1982, Pierre's youngest son Bachir, the leader of the party's militia, was elected President, but was assassinated before he could take office. This led to Phalangist militiamen committing the infamous Sabra and Shatila massacre during the 1982 war, with support from the IDF. Bachir was succeeded by his older brother Amine, who led the party through much of the war. In decline in the late 1980s and 1990s during the Syrian occupat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, the east and southeast, Jordan to Jordan–Syria border, the south, and Israel and Lebanon to Lebanon–Syria border, the southwest. It is a republic under Syrian transitional government, a transitional government and comprises Governorates of Syria, 14 governorates. Damascus is the capital and largest city. With a population of 25 million across an area of , it is the List of countries and dependencies by population, 57th-most populous and List of countries and dependencies by area, 87th-largest country. The name "Syria" historically referred to a Syria (region), wider region. The modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization. Damascus was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samir Frangieh
Samir Frangieh (4 December 1945 – 11 April 2017) was a Lebanese politician, member of the Lebanese Parliament and a leftist intellectual. He was from the Frangieh family, one of the well-known political families of Lebanon. Early life Frangieh was born in Zgharta on 4 December 1945. He hailed from an old political family, Frangieh family. He is the son of Hamid Kabalan Frangieh and Lamia Michel (née Raffoul). Hamid Frangieh was a lawyer and a businessman. He was the elder brother of Suleiman Frangieh who was the President of Lebanon in the period 1970-1976. Therefore, Tony Frangieh and Samir Frangieh were cousins. Career, activities and views Frangieh was a leading journalist. He contributed to many leading publications, including ''L'Orient'' (1970), '' L'Orient-Le Jour'' (1971–1975), '' Le Monde diplomatique'', ''Libération'', '' An Nahar'', '' As Safir'' and ''Financial Times''. He also published articles in academic journals such as ''Journal of Palestine Studies''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ehden Massacre
The Ehden massacre () took place on 13 June 1978, during the 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War. It was an inter-Christian attack between Maronite clans. A Kataeb militia attacked the summer house of the Frangieh family in Ehden leading to the death of over 40 people including Tony Frangieh and his family. Tony Frangieh was the eldest son of Sulaiman Frangieh, leader of the Maranda Brigade and scion of one of the most powerful northern Maronite clans. He was 36 years old when he was killed. Background Before the Lebanese Front was formed, many of the future leaders of the Lebanese Front organized their political parties into militias, most notably Camille Chamoun's 'Tigers', Pierre Gemayel's ' Kataeb Militia', and Suleiman Frangieh's ' Marada Brigade'. Despite having joined in January 1976 the Lebanese Front alliance that gathered the main rightist Christian parties and their militias, the Frangiehs' close ties to Syria, along with their bitter political squabbling with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and at times directed by the Papacy during the Middle Ages. The most prominent of these were the campaigns to the Holy Land aimed at reclaiming Jerusalem and its surrounding territories from Muslim rule. Beginning with the First Crusade, which culminated in the Siege of Jerusalem (1099), capture of Jerusalem in 1099, these expeditions spanned centuries and became a central aspect of European political, religious, and military history. In 1095, after a Byzantine request for aid,Helen J. Nicholson, ''The Crusades'', (Greenwood Publishing, 2004), 6. Pope Urban II proclaimed the first expedition at the Council of Clermont. He encouraged military support for List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, AlexiosI Komnenos and called for an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Across all social strata in Western Europe, there was an enthusiastic response. Participants came from all over Europe and had a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franks
file:Frankish arms.JPG, Aristocratic Frankish burial items from the Merovingian dynasty The Franks ( or ; ; ) were originally a group of Germanic peoples who lived near the Rhine river, Rhine-river military border of Germania Inferior, which was the most northerly province of the Roman Empire in continental Europe. These Frankish tribes lived for centuries under varying degrees of Roman hegemony and influence, but after the collapse of Roman institutions in western Europe they took control of a large empire including areas which had been ruled by Rome, and what it meant to be a Frank began to evolve. Once they were deeply established in Gaul, the Franks became a multilingual, Catholic Christian people, who subsequently came to rule over several other post-Roman kingdoms both inside and outside the old empire. In a broader sense much of the population of western Europe could eventually described as Franks in some contexts. The term "Frank" itself first appeared in the third cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frangieh Family
Frangieh (: "Franc", meaning " occidental" in Arabic), also spelled Frangié, Franjieh, or Franjiyeh, is a prominent Lebanese political family. * Bassam Frangieh (born 1949), scholar of contemporary Arabic literature and culture. Distant relative of the politicians * Hamid Beik Frangieh (1907–1981), politician, older brother of Lebanese President Suleiman *Suleiman Frangieh Suleiman Kabalan Frangieh (15 June 1910 – 23 July 1992) was a Lebanese politician who served as the 5th president of Lebanon from 1970 to 1976. Early life and education Suleiman Frangieh was a scion of one of the leading Maronites, Maronite f ... (1910–1992), President (1970–1976) * Tony Frangieh (1941–1978), son of Suleiman sr, militia leader during the Lebanese Civil War * Samir Frangieh (1945–2017), politician and journalist * Suleiman Frangieh, Jr. (born 1965), son of Tony, current leader of the Marada Movement * Lamitta Frangieh (born 1980), 1st runner-up at 2004 Miss Lebanon competition S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2022–2025 Lebanese Presidential Election
An indirect election of the president of Lebanon took place from 29 September 2022 until 9 January 2025 to determine the successor of term-limited incumbent Michel Aoun. The Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces, commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces, Joseph Aoun (no close relation to Michel), was elected president in the second round of voting of the thirteenth parliamentary session on 9 January 2025, securing 99 votes. He took office on the same day while keeping his position as the commander of the Lebanese Forces, becoming the 14th president and the fifth army commander to assume the role. This is the first election since 1958 Lebanese presidential election, 1958 without the interference of Syria, whose regime took power in 1963 by the Ba'athist Syria, Ba'athists until its Fall of the Assad regime, collapse in 2024. Under Article 49 of Constitution of Lebanon, Lebanese constitution, in the first round of an electoral session, a qualified majority of two-thirds of the members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hezbollah
Hezbollah ( ; , , ) is a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and paramilitary group. Hezbollah's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council, and its political wing is the Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the Lebanese Parliament. Its armed strength was assessed to be equivalent to that of a medium-sized army in 2016. Hezbollah was founded in 1982 by Lebanese clerics in response to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Inspired by the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's model of Islamic governance, Hezbollah established strong ties with Iran. The group was initially supported by 1,500 Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) instructors, who helped unify various Lebanese Shia factions under Hezbollah's leadership. Hezbollah's 1985 manifesto outlined its key objectives, which include expelling Western influence from the region, destroying Israel, pledging allegiance to Iran's supreme leader, and establishing an Islamic government influenced by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
