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Sujan Rai Bhandari
Sujan Rai Bhandari () was a Punjabi historian and author of Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh, among other works. Biography Little is known about the life of Sujan Rai. According to his own remarks, he was born in Batala, Punjab, then part of Lahore Subah, and belonged to a Bhandari Khatri family. His writing style suggests that he was a Hindu. Sujan Rai served as a munshī in the administration of Aurangzeb, and also claimed to have travelled to Kabul and Thatta Thatta is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh. Thatta was the medieval capital of Sindh, and served as the seat of power for three successive dynasties. Its construction was ordered by Jam Nizamuddin II in 1495. Thatta's historic signif .... Works His most prominent work is '' Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh'', completed during 1695–6. It is a general history of Indian subcontinent starting from earliest times to the accession of Aurangzeb in 1658, and is a significant source for the history of Punjab. His other works include ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punjabi People
The Punjabis (Punjabi language, Punjabi: ; ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ; romanised as Pañjābī) are an Indo-Aryan peoples, Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group associated with the Punjab region, comprising areas of northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. They generally speak Majhi dialect, Standard Punjabi or various Punjabi dialects on both sides. Majority of the overall Punjabi population adheres to Islam with significant minorities practicing Sikhism and Hinduism and smaller minorities practicing Christianity. However, the religious demographics significantly vary when viewed from Pakistani and Indian sides, respectively, with over 95 percent of the Punjabi population from Pakistan being Punjabi Muslims, Muslim, with a small minority of Punjabi Christians, Christians and Punjabi Hindus, Hindus and an even smaller minority of Punjabi Sikhs, Sikhs. Over 57 percent of the population of the Indian state of Punjab is Sikh and over 38 percent Hindu with a small minority of Muslims and C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh
''Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh'' (, "Epitome of History") is a Persian language chronicle written by Sujan Rai Bhandari in the Mughal Empire of present-day India. It deals with the history of Hindustan (northern Indian subcontinent), and it also contains details about the contemporary Mughal Empire. Sujan Rai completed the book in 1695 CE, during the reign of Aurangzeb. An insertion about Aurangzeb's death was later added to the original copy by a transcriber. Alternative transliterations of the book's title include ''Khulasat-Al-Tavarikh'' and ''Khulasatu-t-Tawarikh''. Authorship and date The author's name is not given anywhere in the actual book, but the transcribers' notes in several manuscripts mention him as Sujan Rai. Some manuscripts appended Bhandari or Batalvi to his name. The title Munshi is also prefixed to his name. One such manuscript calls him the "Munshi of Munshis". Rai was a Khatri Hindu from Batala. As a young man, he had served as a ''dabir'' (secretary) to some nob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batala
Batala is the eighth largest city in the state of Punjab, India in terms of population after Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala, Bathinda, Mohali and Hoshiarpur. Batala ranks as the second-oldest city after Bathinda. It is a municipal corporation (since 3 March 2019) in Gurdaspur district in the Majha region of the state of Punjab. It is located from holy city Amritsar 39 km and about 32km from Gurdaspur, the headquarters of the district. It is also a Police district. Batala holds the status of the most populated town of the district with 31% of the district's total population. It is the biggest industrial town in the district. Batala is an important place for Sikh devotees. Guru Nanak Dev, Guru Nanak, the founder of the Sikh religion was married here to Mata Sulakhni, the daughter of Mul Chand Chauna in 1485. Many temples and gurdwaras related to the guru's marriage attract devotees from near and far. Every year celebrations are conducted on the anniversary of Nanak' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lahore Subah
Lahore ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Pakistani province of Punjab. It is the second-largest city in Pakistan, after Karachi, and 27th largest in the world, with a population of over 14 million. Lahore is one of Pakistan's major industrial, educational and economic hubs. It has been the historic capital and cultural center of the wider Punjab region, and is one of Pakistan's most socially liberal, progressive, and cosmopolitan cities. Lahore's origin dates back to antiquity. The city has been inhabited for around two millennia, although it rose to prominence in the late 10th century with the establishment of the Walled City, its fortified interior. Lahore served as the capital of several empires during the medieval era, including the Hindu Shahis, Ghaznavid Empire and Delhi Sultanate. It reached the height of its splendor under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th centuries, being its capital city for many years. During this period, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhandari
Bhandari or Bhandary is a surname found in various Hindu castes and communities in India and Nepal. Bhandari means ''treasurer'', keeper of a storehouse. In Punjab, Bhandaris belong to Ahluwalia and Khatri castes. In Nepal, the surname is used by both Matwali and Tagadhari Chhetris, as well as Bahuns. Notable people Notable people bearing the name Bhandari or Bhandary include: * Ajit Bhandari (born 1994), Nepalese footballer * Amit Bhandari (born 1978), Indian cricketer * Anup Bhandari, Indian writer, director, music director, lyricist, playback singer and actor * Bidhya Devi Bhandari, Nepalese politician, President of Nepal * Binod Bhandari (born 1990), Nepalese cricketer *Dalveer Bhandari, (born 1947), judge of the International Court of Justice * Damodar Bhandari, member of 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly * Dhruv Bhandari (born 1985), Indian television actor * Dil Kumari Bhandari (born 1949), Indian politician, former president of Bharatiya Gorkha Parisangh * Dinesh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khatri
Khatri () is a caste system in India, caste originating from the Malwa (Punjab), Malwa and Majha areas of Punjab region of South Asia that is predominantly found in India, but also in Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Khatris claim they are warriors who took to trade. In the Indian subcontinent, they were mostly engaged in mercantile professions such as banking and trade. They were the dominant commercial and financial administration class of late-medieval India. Some in Punjab often belonged to hereditary agriculturalist land-holding lineages, while others were engaged in artisanal occupations such as silk production and weaving. Khatris of Punjab, specifically, were scribes and traders during the medieval period, with the Gurmukhi, Gurumukhi script used in writing the Punjabi language, Punjabi language deriving from a standardised form of the Lahnda, Lāṇḍa script used by Khatri traders; the invention of the script is traditionally ascribed to Guru Angad. During the mediev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hindu
Hindus (; ; also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pp. 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for people living in the Indian subcontinent. It is assumed that the term ''"Hindu"'' traces back to Avestan scripture Vendidad which refers to land of seven rivers as Hapta Hendu which itself is a cognate to Sanskrit term ''Sapta Sindhuḥ''. (The term ''Sapta Sindhuḥ'' is mentioned in Rig Veda and refers to a North western Indian region of seven rivers and to India as a whole.) The Greek cognates of the same terms are "''Indus''" (for the river) and "''India''" (for the land of the river). Likewise the Hebrew cognate ''hōd-dū'' refers to India mentioned in Hebrew BibleEsther 1:1. The term "''Hindu''" also implied a geographic, ethnic or cultural identifier for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munshi
During the Mughal Empire, ''Munshi'' () came to be used as a respected title for persons who achieved mastery over language and politics in the Indian subcontinent. Use in Bengal The surname "Munshi" ( Bengali: মুন্সি) is used by both Bengali Hindu and Bengali Muslim families in West Bengal, India and in Bangladesh. The surname is commonly associated with former Zamindari families in Bengal from the time of the Nawabs of Bengal in the early 18th-century. Use in Kashmir Munshi is used as a last name by Kashmiri Pandits and Kashmiri Muslims, native to the Kashmir Valley of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It was a title given to some groups of elite upper-caste Hindu Kashmiris for their mastery over the Persian language. Notable people * Aditi Munshi (born 1988), Indian singer and politician * A. F. M. Fakhrul Islam Munshi (1947-2023), Bangladeshi politician * Annada Munshi (1905–1985), Father of Commercial Art in India * Ashfaq Munshi, former CTO of Yahoo * A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aurangzeb
Alamgir I (Muhi al-Din Muhammad; 3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known by the title Aurangzeb, also called Aurangzeb the Conqueror, was the sixth Mughal emperors, Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707, becoming the second longest-ruling emperor of Hindustan (48 years and 7 months). Under his reign, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent, with territory spanning nearly the entirety of the Indian subcontinent. Aurangzeb and the Mughals belonged to a branch of the Timurid dynasty. He held administrative and military posts under his father Shah Jahan () and gained recognition as an accomplished military commander. Aurangzeb served as the viceroy of the Viceroy of the Deccan, Deccan in 1636–1637 and the governor of Gujarat under Mughal Empire, Gujarat in 1645–1647. He jointly administered the provinces of Subah of Multan, Multan and Sind State, Sindh in 1648–1652 and continued expeditions into the neighboring Safavid Iran, Safavid ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabul
Kabul is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan. Located in the eastern half of the country, it is also a municipality, forming part of the Kabul Province. The city is divided for administration into #Districts, 22 municipal districts. A 2025 estimate puts the city's population at 7.175 million. In contemporary times, Kabul has served as Afghanistan's political, cultural and economical center. Rapid urbanisation has made it the country's primate city and one of the largest cities in the world. The modern-day city of Kabul is located high in a narrow valley in the Hindu Kush mountain range, and is bounded by the Kabul River. At an elevation of , it is one of the List of capital cities by elevation, highest capital cities in the world. The center of the city contains its old neighborhoods, including the areas of Khashti Bridge, Khabgah, Kahforoshi, Saraji, Chandavel, Shorbazar, Deh-Afghanan and Ghaderdiwane. Kabul is said to be over 3,500 years old, and was mentioned at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thatta
Thatta is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh. Thatta was the medieval capital of Sindh, and served as the seat of power for three successive dynasties. Its construction was ordered by Jam Nizamuddin II in 1495. Thatta's historic significance has yielded several monuments in and around the city. Thatta's Makli Necropolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is site of one of the world's largest cemeteries and has numerous monumental tombs built between the 14th and 18th centuries designed in a syncretic funerary style characteristic of lower Sindh. The city's 17th century Shah Jahan Mosque is richly embellished with decorative tiles, and is considered to have the most elaborate display of tile work in the South Asia. Etymology ''Thatta'' refers to riverside settlements. Villagers in the rural areas of lower Sindh often refer to the city as ''Thatta Nagar'', or simply ''Nagar''. The name of Thatta, one of the oldest towns, was derived from the Persian term ''Tah-Tah'' which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insha
The Arabic word insha () means "construction", or "creation". It has been used in this sense in classical Arabic literature such as the Quran. Over time it acquired the meaning of composition, especially denoting the prose composition of letters, documents, and state papers. Subsequently, it was used as a synonym of 'Munshaat', which are documents composed in accordance with specific norms of diction and style that distinguish these prose compositions from ordinary prose. Gradually the term "Insha " came to represent a distinct branch of learning that enabled one to discern the merits and defects of the prose composition of letters and documents as a distinct type of writing from regular treatises and books. "Insha" writing is mainly concerned with the expression of one's innermost feelings, rather than the use of prose in scientific treatises. Insha writing developed into an art form and involved detailed rules and regulations that a well lettered person was supposed to learn, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
