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Sudeten German Uprising
Sudeten German uprising () in September 1938 was a rebellion of Sudeten Germans against Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovak authorities in Sudetenland, supported by an Conspiracy, organized action orchestrated by Sudeten German Party (SdP) chaired by Konrad Henlein. Therefore, the uprising is also referred to as the Henlein's coup (or Coup d'état, coup attempt; ). First phase On 10 September 1938, all district organizations of the SdP received an order from Nuremberg to start protests and provocations. On 11 September, Henlein's supporters clashed with policemen and gendarmes in Cheb, Liberec, Teplice, and other places. On the evening of 12 September, Sudeten Germans listened en masse to Adolf Hitler, Hitler's radio speech accusing Czechoslovakia of torturing and oppressing the Germans in Czechoslovakia (1918–38), German minority. This speech sparked a wave of violence against Czechs, Jews and Sudeten German Anti-fascism, anti-fascists in the borderlands. On the morning of 13 Septemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Causes Of World War II
The causes of World War II have been given considerable attention by historians. The immediate precipitating event was the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany on September 1, 1939, and the subsequent declarations of war on Germany made by United Kingdom in World War II, Britain and France in World War II, France, but many other prior events have been suggested as ultimate causes. Primary themes in historical analysis of the war's origins include the political takeover of Weimar Republic, Germany in 1933 by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party; Japanese militarism against Republic of China (1912–1949), China, which led to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and the Second Sino-Japanese War; Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Italian aggression against Ethiopian Empire, Ethiopia, which led to the Second Italo-Ethiopian War; or Spanish coup of July 1936, military uprising in Second Spanish Republic, Spain, which led to the Spanish Civil War. During the interwar period, deep anger arose in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Hermann Frank
Karl Hermann Frank (24 January 1898 – 22 May 1946) was a Sudeten Germans, Sudeten German Nazism, Nazi official in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia prior to and during World War II. Attaining the rank of ''Obergruppenführer'', he was in command of the Nazi police apparatus in the protectorate, including the Gestapo, the Sicherheitsdienst, SD, and the Kriminalpolizei (Nazi Germany), Kripo. After the war, he was tried, convicted and executed by Hanging#Pole method, hanging for his role in organizing the Lidice massacre, massacres of the people of the Czech villages of Lidice and Ležáky. Early life Born in Karlovy Vary, Karlsbad, Bohemia, in Austria-Hungary (present-day Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic), Frank was taught by his father (a proponent of Georg Ritter von Schönerer's policies) about nationalist agitation. Frank attempted to enlist in the Austro-Hungarian Army in World War I, but he was rejected due to blindness in his right eye. He spent a year at the law school ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teplice
Teplice (, until 1948 Teplice-Šanov; , ''Teplitz-Schönau'') is a city in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 51,000 inhabitants. It is the most populous Czech spa town, followed by Karlovy Vary. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument zones, urban monument zone. Administrative division Teplice consists of seven municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Teplice (19,441) *Hudcov (651) *Nová Ves (1,315) *Prosetice (3,359) *Řetenice (4,016) *Sobědruhy (1,144) *Trnovany (18,502) Etymology ''Teplice'' is an Old Czech word meaning 'warm (hot) water'. Geography Teplice is located about west of Ústí nad Labem and northwest of Prague. The northern part of the municipal territory lies in the Most Basin and the southern part lies in the České Středohoří, Central Bohemian Uplands. The highest point is the hill Doubravská hora at above sea level. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberec
Liberec (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument zones, urban monument zone. Liberec was once home to a thriving textile industry and hence nicknamed the "Manchester of Bohemia". A symbol of the city and the main landmark of the panorama of Liberec is the Ještěd Tower. Since the end of the 19th century, the city has been a conurbation with the suburb of Vratislavice nad Nisou and the neighbouring city of Jablonec nad Nisou. Administrative division Liberec consists of 33 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Liberec I-Staré Město (9,793) *Liberec II-Nové Město (2,979) *Liberec III-Jeřáb (5,657) *Liberec IV-Perštýn (3,117) *Liberec V-Kristiánov (5,312) *Liberec VI-Rochlice (17,268) *Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheb
Cheb (; ) is a town in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 33,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Ohře River. Before the Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia, expulsion of Germans in 1945, the town was the centre of the German-speaking region known as Egerland. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument reservations, urban monument reservation. Administrative division Cheb consists of 19 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Cheb (26,768) *Bříza (47) *Cetnov (104) *Chvoječná (28) *Dolní Dvory (49) *Dřenice (50) *Háje (1,082) *Horní Dvory (57) *Hradiště (206) *Hrozňatov (209) *Jindřichov (86) *Klest (41) *Loužek (23) *Pelhřimov (95) *Podhoří (142) *Podhrad (665) *Skalka (228) *Střížov (172) *Tršnice (109) Etymology The first name of the town, documented in 1061, was ''Egire''. It was a Latin name, which was derived from the Celtic nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuremberg
Nuremberg (, ; ; in the local East Franconian dialect: ''Nämberch'' ) is the Franconia#Towns and cities, largest city in Franconia, the List of cities in Bavaria by population, second-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria, and its 544,414 (2023) inhabitants make it the List of cities in Germany by population, 14th-largest city in Germany. Nuremberg sits on the Pegnitz (river), Pegnitz, which carries the name Regnitz from its confluence with the Rednitz in Fürth onwards (), and on the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, that connects the North Sea to the Black Sea. Lying in the Bavarian Regierungsbezirk, administrative region of Middle Franconia, it is the largest city and unofficial capital of the entire cultural region of Franconia. The city is surrounded on three sides by the , a large forest, and in the north lies (''garlic land''), an extensive vegetable growing area and cultural landscape. The city forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coup D'état
A coup d'état (; ; ), or simply a coup , is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership. A self-coup is said to take place when a leader, having come to power through legal means, tries to stay in power through illegal means. By one estimate, there were 457 coup attempts from 1950 to 2010, half of which were successful. Most coup attempts occurred in the mid-1960s, but there were also large numbers of coup attempts in the mid-1970s and the early 1990s. Coups occurring in the post-Cold War period have been more likely to result in democratic systems than Cold War coups, though coups still mostly perpetuate authoritarianism. Many factors may lead to the occurrence of a coup, as well as determine the success or failure of a coup. Once a coup is underway, coup success is driven by coup-makers' ability to get others to believe that the coup attempt will be successful. The number of successful cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conspiracy
A conspiracy, also known as a plot, ploy, or scheme, is a secret plan or agreement between people (called conspirers or conspirators) for an unlawful or harmful purpose, such as murder, treason, or corruption, especially with a political motivation, while keeping their agreement secret from the public or from other people affected by it. In a political sense, conspiracy refers to a group of people united in the goal of subverting established political power structures. This can take the form of usurping or altering them, or even continually illegally profiteering from certain activities in a way that weakens the establishment with help from various political authorities. Depending on the circumstances, a conspiracy may also be a crime or a civil wrong. The term generally connotes, or implies, wrongdoing or illegality on the part of the conspirators, as it is commonly believed that people would not need to conspire to engage in activities that were lawful and ethical, or to which n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rebellion
Rebellion is an uprising that resists and is organized against one's government. A rebel is a person who engages in a rebellion. A rebel group is a consciously coordinated group that seeks to gain political control over an entire state or a portion of a state. A rebellion is often caused by political, religious, or social grievances that originate from a perceived inequality or marginalization. ''Rebellion'' comes from Latin ''re'' and ''bellum'', and in Lockian philosophy refers to the Right of revolution, responsibility of the people to overthrow unjust government. Classification Uprisings which revolt, Resistance movement, resisting and taking direct action against an authority, law or policy, as well as organize, are rebellions. An insurrection is an uprising to change the government. If a government does not recognize rebels as belligerents, then they are insurgents and the revolt is an insurgency. In a larger conflict, the rebels may be recognized as belligerents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
September 1938
The following events occurred in September 1938: September 1, 1938 (Thursday) *Benito Mussolini ordered all Jews who had entered Italy since January 1, 1919 to get out within six months. The order affected some 10,000 people. *Sudeten German leader Konrad Henlein met with Hitler at the Berghof in Berchtesgaden. *It was announced in Austria that all religious and other private schools would be closed and education would be taken over by the Nazi Party. *The Frank Capra-directed romantic comedy film '' You Can't Take It with You'' starring Jean Arthur and Lionel Barrymore premiered at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. *Born: Per Kirkeby, artist, in Copenhagen, Denmark (d. 2018) *Died: Nikolai Bryukhanov, 59, Russian statesman (executed) September 2, 1938 (Friday) *Elections were held in the Sanjak of Alexandretta. Turkish candidates won 22 of 40 seats, creating the conditions for the declaration of a new Turkish-aligned state. *Italy ordered Jewish teachers, officials and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohuslav Fiala (general)
Bohuslav Fiala (29 January 1890, Frankstadt – 16 September 1964, Prague) was a Czechoslovak brigadier general who participated in the First World War and the Sudeten German uprising. Biography Fiala graduated from the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt in 1907 and enlisted in the Austro-Hungarian Army. He participated in the First World War and joined the Czechoslovak Legion in Russia. After returning to his homeland, Fiala worked at the General Staff. He was promoted to brigadier general in July 1934. During the mobilization in 1938, Fiala became Chief of Staff of the Mobilized Army Headquarters. After demobilization, he returned to the General Staff. On 15 March 1939, Fiala issued an order to destroy all important files of the General Staff. During the occupation, Fiala actively participated in the resistance, but in December 1939 he was arrested. He was released in March 1942. Subsequently, he again joined the resistance and in 1945, he was one of the main leaders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludvík Krejčí
Ludvík Krejčí (17 August 1890 – 9 February 1972) was a Czechoslovak army general and legionary of the First World War. Biography Early life and World War I He was born on 17 August 1890 in Brno-Tuřany, near Brno, as the youngest of eight children in a peasant family. He graduated from the Vyškov grammar school and was accepted to the Higher Forestry School in Písek. After graduating, he was drafted into full-time military service in 1910 as a one-year volunteer with the 8th Regiment in Brno. In 1911 he became a forest assistant of the state forests in Nuštar. He was therefore transferred to the reserve of the 4th Regiment and to which he was called before the Austrian mobilization on 28 July 1914 and fought with it in Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia, Kingdom of Montenegro, Montenegro, and Principality of Albania, Albania. In May 1916, he was briefly transferred with the battalion as company commander to Kingdom of Italy, Italy and then to Kingdom of Romania, Romania. There, aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
