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Subtara
Subtara () is an archaeological site in the Sdot Dan Regional Council, near the moshav of Yagel in Israel's Central District. History The site has been inhabited since ancient times, and its name is of non- Semitic extraction. Archaeological excavations discovered the remains of a Mamluk settlement dating to the 13th and 14th centuries. Subtara was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine. In 1552, Subtara was an inhabited village. Haseki Hürrem Sultan, the favorite wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, endowed its tax revenues to her Haseki Sultan Imaret in Jerusalem. Administratively, the village belonged to the Sub-district of Ramla in the District of Gaza. In 1596 it appeared as a large village in the tax registers under the name of ''Sitan'', as being in the ''nahiya'' ("subdistrict") of Ramla, which was under the administration of the '' liwa'' ("district") of Gaza. It had a population of 123 households who were all Muslims. Hütteroth and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yagel
Yagel () is a religious moshav in the Central District of Israel. Located near Lod and Ben Gurion International Airport, it falls under the jurisdiction of Sdot Dan Regional Council. In it had a population of . History Yagel was the site of the Mamluk and Ottoman village of Subtara. During the 16 century Haseki sultan endowed Subtara to its Jerusalem soup kitchen. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the area around Yagel belonged to the Nahiyeh (sub-district) of Lod that encompassed the area of the present-day city of Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut in the south to the present-day city of El'ad in the north, and from the foothills in the east, through the Lod Valley to the outskirts of Jaffa in the west. The area was home to thousands of inhabitants in about 20 villages, who had at their disposal tens of thousands of hectares of prime agricultural land. The moshav was founded on 27 June 1950 by immigrants from Iraq on land that had belonged to the depopulated Palestinian village of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazur
Yazur (, ) was a Palestinian Arab town located east of Jaffa. Mentioned in 7th century BCE Assyrian texts, the village was a site of contestation between Muslims and Crusaders in the 12th-13th centuries. During the Fatimid period in Palestine, a number of important people were born in Yazur. In the modern era, the town was the birthplace of Ahmed Jibril, the founder of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC). Yazur was ethnically cleansed and during the Nakba. It was later demolished and the Israeli town of Azor, reflecting the site's ancient name, was constructed on the site. Etymology The earliest occurrence of the name is Babylonian A-zu-ru (in a Neo-Assyrian text from 701 B.C.E.) which is compatible with the Septuagint form Άζωρ. According to scholars, the name my derive from Semitic root ’-Z-R “to gird, encompass, equip”, originally in Hebrew but with cognates in Jewish Aramaic and Arabic. According to Marom and Zadok, " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jindas
Jindas (Arabic: جنداس; Hebrew: ג'ינדאס) is an archaeological site in modern-day Israel, 2 kilometers east of the city of Lod in Israel's Central District. History The site has been inhabited since at least the Roman period. Its name derives from the Greek personal name Γεννάδις Jindās is mentioned in the 15th and 16th centuries as a flourishing village whose lands belonged to different religious endowments. In 1552 Haseki Hürrem Sultan, the favorite wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, endowed a quarter of the tax revenues of Jindas to its Haseki Sultan Imaret in Jerusalem. Administratively, the village belonged to District of Gaza. In 1596 Jindas was home to 35 Muslim households. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% for the crops that they cultivated, which included wheat, barley, as well as on other types of property, such as goats and beehives, a total of 5,372 akce, all paid to different waqfs. Among these waqfs, revenues were distributed a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Safiriyya
Al-Safiriyya was a Palestinian Arab village in the Jaffa Subdistrict. It was depopulated during Operation Hametz in the 1948 Palestine War on May 20, 1948. It was located 11 km east of Jaffa, 1.5 km west of Ben Gurion Airport. Starting in 1949, the ruins of the site were overbuilt by the Israeli town of Kfar Chabad. History Al-Safiriyya may have been known to the Byzantines and Crusaders as ''Sapharea'' or ''Saphyria''. However, later comparative linguistic analysis excluded this possibility. ''Hani Al-Kindi'', an early Muslim scholar and acetic, was buried in Al-Safiriyya. The Umayyad caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (717–720) had offered him the Governorship of Palestine, but Al-Kindi had declined it. Ottoman era Al-Safiriyya was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine. In 1552, al-Safiriyya was an inhabited village, and 21 carats of its tax revenues were also endowed to the Haseki Sultan Imaret in Jerusalem. Administratively, the vill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bayt Dajan
Bayt Dajan (; ), also known as Dajūn, was a Palestinian Arab village situated approximately southeast of Jaffa. It is thought to have been the site of the biblical town of Beth Dagon, mentioned in the Book of Joshua and in ancient Assyrian and Ancient Egyptian texts. In the 10th century CE, it was inhabited mostly by Samaritans. In the mid-16th century, Bayt Dajan formed part of an Ottoman waqf established by Roxelana, the wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, and by the late 16th century, it was part of the nahiya of Ramla in the liwa of Gaza. The villagers, who were all recorded as Muslim, paid taxes to the Ottoman authorities for property and agricultural goods and animal husbandry conducted in the villages, including the cultivation of wheat, barley, fruit, and sesame, as well as on goats, beehives and vineyards. In the 19th century, the village women were locally renowned for their intricate, high quality embroidery designs, a feature of traditional Palestinian costume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Sawalima
Al-Sawalima was a Palestinian Arab village in the Jaffa Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on March 30, 1948. It was located 11 km northeast of Jaffa, situated 2 km north of the al-'Awja River. History In 1051 AH/1641/2, the Bedouin tribe of al-Sawālima from around Jaffa attacked the villages of Subṭāra, Bayt Dajan, al-Sāfiriya, Jindās, Lydda and Yāzūr belonging to Waqf Haseki Sultan. In 1882 the PEF's '' Survey of Western Palestine'' noted at ''Khurbet es Sualimiyeh'': “Traces of ruins only.“ Excavations revealed traces of Late Ottoman infant jar-burials, commonly associated with nomads or itinerant workers of Egyptian origins.Taxel, Y., Marom, R., & Nagar, Y. (2025)An Infant Jar Burial from Zarnūqa: Muslim Funerary Practices and Migrant Communities in Late Ottoman Palestine '''Atiqot'', 117, 269–293. British Mandate era In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaza City
Gaza City, also called Gaza, is a city in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, and the capital of the Gaza Governorate. Located on the Mediterranean coast, southwest of Jerusalem, it was home to Port of Gaza, Palestine's only port. With a population of 590,481 people as of 2017, Gaza City was the most populous city in Palestine until the Gaza war caused most of the population to be displaced. Inhabited since at least the 15th century BC, Gaza City has been dominated by different peoples and empires throughout its history. The Philistines made it a part of their Philistia, pentapolis after the ancient Egyptians had ruled it for nearly 350 years. Under the Roman Empire, Gaza City experienced relative peace and its Port of Gaza, Mediterranean port flourished. In 635 AD, it became the first city in the Palestine (region), Palestine region to be conquered by the Rashidun army and quickly developed into a centre of Fiqh, Islamic law. However, by the time the Crusader states were established in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabun Oven
A tabun oven, or simply tabun (also transliterated taboon, from the ), is a portable clay oven, shaped like a truncated cone. While all were made with a top opening, which could be used as a small stove top, some were made with an opening at the bottom from which to stoke the fire. Built and used even before biblical times as the family, neighbourhood, or village oven, ''tabun'' ovens continue to be built and used in parts of the Middle East today.Negev and Gibson, 2005, pp. 91-92. Usage The ''tabūn'' oven has historically been used to bake flatbreads such as taboon bread and laffa, and has been in widespread use in the greater Middle East for centuries. According to an 11th-century Judeo-Arabic commentary on the Mishnah, with a later recension made by an unknown Yemenite Jewish scholar (1105 – 1170 CE), the Arabic word ''tabūn'' () is equivalent to the Mishnaic Hebrew word = ''kūppaḥ'', and which, according to Maimonides, produces a heat greater than that of a fire built ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waqf
A (; , plural ), also called a (, plural or ), or ''mortmain'' property, is an Alienation (property law), inalienable charitable financial endowment, endowment under Sharia, Islamic law. It typically involves donating a building, plot of land or other assets for Muslim religious or charitable purposes with no intention of reclaiming the assets. A charitable trust may hold the donated assets. The person making such dedication is known as a ('donor') who uses a ''mutawalli'' ('trustee') to manage the property in exchange for a share of the revenues it generates. A waqf allows the state to provide social services in accordance with Islamic law while contributing to the preservation of cultural and historical sites. Although the system depended on several hadiths and presented elements similar to practices from pre-Islamic cultures, it seems that the specific full-fledged Islamic legal form of financial endowment, endowment called dates from the 9th century CE (see below ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akçe
The ''akçe'' or ''akça'' (anglicized as ''akche'', ''akcheh'' or ''aqcha''; ; , , in Europe known as '' asper'') was a silver coin mainly known for being the chief monetary unit of the Ottoman Empire. It was also used in other states including the Anatolian Beyliks, the Aq Qoyunlu, and the Crimean Khanate. The basic meaning of the word is "silver" or "silver money", deriving from the Turkish word () and the diminutive suffix . Three s were equal to one . One-hundred and twenty 's equalled one . Later after 1687 the ' became the main unit of account, replacing the . In 1843, the silver ' was joined by the gold lira in a bimetallic system. Its weight fluctuated; one source estimates it between 1.15 and 1.18 grams. The name ' originally referred to a silver coin but later the meaning changed and it became a synonym for money. The mint in Novo Brdo, a fortified mining town in the Serbian Despotate rich with gold and silver mines, began to strike ' in 1441 when it was captur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamal Abdulfattah
Kamal Abdulfattah (born February 9, 1943, in Umm al-Fahm – died January 27, 2023, in Jenin) was a Palestinian geographer and researcher. Biography Abdulfattah studied at the Damascus University. After completing his studies, he obtained a Ph.D. in geography from University of Erlangen–Nuremberg in 1980. Beginning in 1978, Abdulfattah taught as an teaching assistant at department of Middle Eastern studies at Birzeit University. In 1980, become dean at faculty of Arts at Birzeit University Birzeit University () is a public university in the West Bank, Palestine, registered by the Palestinian Ministry of Social Affairs as a charitable organization. It is accredited by the Palestinian Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Mini .... In the following years, he established the Geography department at the university. Notable works * * ''Mountain farmer and fellah in Asir Southwest Saudi Arabia: The conditions of agriculture in a traditional society''. Erlangen, Germany. 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth
Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth (born 28 November 1930 in Chojna, died 9 November 2010) was a German geographer and researcher. Biography Hütteroth studied at the University of Marburg and in 1953 became a member of the Studentenverbindung "Corps Guestphalia Marburg". He obtained his doctorate in Marburg in 1958 with a thesis supervised by Kurt Scharlau, and in 1966 was habilitated at the University of Göttingen. From 1967 he was a lecturer with civil servant status at the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg. From 1969 he was a full professor at the University of Cologne. In 1972 he returned to Erlangen as a professor. He was mainly concerned with general historical geography, regional studies of the Islamic Orient and geomorphological processes. He was a recognised expert on Turkey and the Kurds. He became professor emeritus in 1996. In February 2009, the Marburg Department of Geography awarded him the "Golden Doctoral Certificate" His papers (11 boxes) are kept at the Leibniz Institute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
