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Sturnia Blythii
''Sturnia'' is a genus of Asian birds in the starling family Sturnidae. It is sometimes merged with ''Sturnus''. Taxonomy The genus ''Sturnia'' was introduced in 1837 by the French naturalist René Lesson. He designated the type species as ''Pastor elegans'' Lesson, 1834. This is a Synonym (taxonomy), junior synonym of ''Oriolus sinensis'' Johann Friedrich Gmelin, Gmelin, 1778, the white-shouldered starling. The genus name is from Latin ''sturnus'' meaning "starling". The old genus' placement with the starlings was found to be polyphyletic, resulting in changes in the placement. A 2008 study places the following species within this genus: The genus contains five species: Former taxonomic treatments have included: * White-faced starling, ''Sturnia albofrontata''. * Daurian starling, ''Sturnia sturnina''. * Chestnut-cheeked starling, ''Sturnia philippensis''. If the first of these is included, it seems highly warranted to include in ''Sturnia'' also the monotypic genera ''Leuc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brahminy Starling
The brahminy starling or brahminy myna (''Sturnia pagodarum)'' is a member of the starling family of birds. It is usually seen in pairs or small flocks in open habitats on the plains of the Indian subcontinent. Taxonomy The brahminy starling was Species description, formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's ''Systema Naturae''. He placed it with the thrushes in the genus ''Turdus'' and coined the binomial nomenclature, binomial name ''Turdus pagodarum''. The specific epithet ''pagodarum'' is Neo-Latin, Modern Latin meaning "of the temples" or "of the pagodas". Gmelin based his account on the "Le Martin Brame" that had been described in 1782 by the French naturalist Pierre Sonnerat in his book ''Voyage aux Indes orientales et à la Chine''. Sonnerat mentioned that the bird was found on the Malabar Coast, Malabar and Coromandel Coasts of India. The brahminy starling was formerly placed in the gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malabar Starling
The Malabar starling (''Sturnia blythii'') is a species of starling found in southwestern India. It was previously considered a subspecies of the chestnut-tailed starling. They nest in tree holes 3-15 mm above the ground.Jude, D., et al. "Provisioning behaviour of Malabar Starling Sturnia blythii." Nestlings eat insects, lepidopteran larvae, beetles, small vertebrates, and nectar. Taxonomy The Malabar starling was formerly placed in the genus ''Sturnus''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2008 found that the genus was polyphyletic. In the reoganization to create monotypic genera, the Malabar starling was one of five starlings moved to the resurrected genus ''Sturnia'' that had been introduced in 1837 by René Lesson. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised. The Malabar starling was formerly considered to be conspecific Biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Species
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pied Myna
Pied myna has been split into three species: * Indian pied myna, ''Gracupica contra'' * Siamese pied myna The Siamese pied myna (''Gracupica floweri'') is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. Its plumage is black and white, with a black collar. It is found in Myanmar and China to Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia Cambodia, officially t ..., ''Gracupica floweri'' * Javan pied myna, ''Gracupica jalla'' Birds by common name {{Short pages monitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black-collared Starling
The black-collared starling (''Gracupica nigricollis'') is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. Its plumage is black and white, with a black collar. It is found in southern China and most of mainland Southeast Asia, and has been introduced to Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore. Its habitats include grassland, dry forest and human settlements. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as being of least concern. Taxonomy This species was described as ''Gracula nigricollis'' by Gustaf von Paykull in 1807. Formerly placed in the genus ''Sturnus'', it and the Siamese pied myna (''Gracupica floweri'') were separated to the genus ''Gracupica'' when ''Sturnus'' was split, following phylogenetic studies in 2008. In the past it had also been placed in ''Sturnopastor'', ''Acridotheres'' and ''Graculipica''. Description The black-collared starling is long. The head is white, with a yellow patch of bare skin around the eye, and a black collar around the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Necropsar
The Rodrigues starling (''Necropsar rodericanus'') is an Extinction, extinct species of starling that was endemic to the Mascarene island of Rodrigues. Its closest relatives were the Mauritius starling and the hoopoe starling from nearby islands; all three are extinct and appear to be of Southeast Asian origin. The bird was only reported by French sailor Julien Tafforet, who was marooned on the island from 1725 to 1726. Tafforet observed it on the offshore islet of Île Gombrani. Subfossil remains found on the mainland were described in 1879, and were suggested to belong to the bird mentioned by Tafforet. There was much confusion about the bird and its taxonomic relations throughout the 20th century. The Rodrigues starling was long, and had a stout beak. It was described as having a white body, partially black wings and tail, and a yellow bill and legs. Little is known about its behaviour. Its diet included eggs and dead tortoises, which it processed with its strong bill. Preda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fregilupus
The hoopoe starling (''Fregilupus varius''), also known as the Réunion starling or Bourbon crested starling, is a species of starling that lived on the Mascarene island of Réunion and became extinct in the 1850s. Its closest relatives were the also-extinct Rodrigues starling and Mauritius starling from nearby islands, and the three apparently originated in south-east Asia. The bird was first mentioned during the 17th century and was long thought to be related to the hoopoe, from which its name is derived. Some affinities have been proposed, but it was confirmed as a starling in a DNA study. The hoopoe starling was in length. Its plumage was primarily white and grey, with its back, wings and tail a darker brown and grey. It had a light, mobile crest, which curled forwards. The bird is thought to have been sexually dimorphic, with males larger and having more curved beaks. The juveniles were more brown than the adults. Little is known about hoopoe starling behaviour. Reported ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucopsar
The Bali myna (''Leucopsar rothschildi''), also known as Rothschild's mynah, Bali starling, or Bali mynah, locally known as jalak Bali, is a medium-sized (up to long), stocky myna, almost wholly white with a long, drooping crest, and black tips on the wings and tail. The bird has blue bare skin around the eyes, greyish legs and a yellow bill. Both sexes are similar. It is critically endangered and in 2020, fewer than 50 adults were assumed to exist in the wild.BirdLife International. 2020. ''Leucopsar rothschildi''. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22710912A183006359. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22710912A183006359.en. Accessed on 27 April 2023. Taxonomy and systematics The Bali myna was formally described in 1912 by the German ornithologist Erwin Stresemann based on a female specimen collected on the island of Bali in Indonesia. He introduced a new genus ''Leucopsar'' and coined the binomial name ''Leucopsar rothschildi''. The genus name c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. Theoretical implications Monotypic taxa present several important theoretical challenges in biological classification. One key issue is known as "Gregg's Paradox": if a single species is the only member of multiple hierarchical levels (for example, being the only species in its genus, which is the only genus in its family), then each level needs a distinct definition to maintain logical structure. Otherwise, the different taxonomic ranks become effectively identical, which creates problems for organizing biological diversity in a hierarchical syste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chestnut-cheeked Starling
The chestnut-cheeked starling (''Agropsar philippensis'') is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It breeds in Japan and the Russian islands of Sakhalin and Kuriles; it winters in Taiwan, the Philippines and northern Borneo. The chestnut-cheeked starling was previously placed in the genus ''Sturnus''. It was moved to the resurrected genus ''Agropsar'' based on the results of two molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ... studies that were published in 2008. References chestnut-cheeked starling Birds of Japan chestnut-cheeked starling chestnut-cheeked starling Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Sturnidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daurian Starling
The Daurian starling (''Agropsar sturninus''), or purple-backed starling, is a species of bird in the starling family found in the eastern Palearctic from eastern Mongolia and southeastern Russia to North Korea and central China. Taxonomy and systematics The Daurian starling was previously placed in the genus ''Sturnus''. It was moved to the resurrected genus '' Agropsar'' based on the results of two molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ... studies that were published in 2008. Description The Daurian starling is distinguished from other starling species by its dark mantle and crown and narrow wing bars.Strange, M. (2002) A photographic guide to birds of southeast Asia: Periplus Editions Distribution and habitat The natural habitats of the Daurian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-faced Starling
The white-faced starling (''Sturnornis albofrontatus'') is a member of the starling family of birds. It is an endemic resident breeder in Sri Lanka. Taxonomy The white-faced starling was formally described in 1854 by the English naturalist Edgar Leopold Layard under the binomial name ''Heterornis albofrontata''. This species was previously placed in the genus ''Sturnus''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2008 found that the genus was polyphyletic. In the reoganization to create monotypic genera, the white-faced starling was moved to the resurrected genus ''Sturnornis'' that had been introduced in 1879 by William Vincent Legge. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised. For many years this species was erroneously believed to have been first described in 1850 by French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte under the binomial name ''Pastor senex''. Although Bonaparte had specified the location as Bengal, this was believed to have been an error. An examination ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
