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Stoke Lyne
Stoke Lyne is a village and civil parish about north of Bicester, Oxfordshire in southern England. Etymology The name ''Stoke Lyne'' is first attested, simply as ''Stoches'', in the Domesday Book of 1086. This name comes from the Old English word ('secondary settlement, outlying farmstead, dairy farm'). As ''Stoke'' is a very common name in England, this was later disambiguated: the form ''Stoke del Isle'' ('Stoke of the Del Isle family') is attested in 1328, and in the Latinised form ''Stoke Insula'' already in 1316. In the early fifteenth century, the estate was bought by William Lynde, and the name came to be disambiguated through the addition of his family's name. This is first attested in 1526 in the form ''Stokelynde''; the present-day form is first attested as ''Stoke-lyne'' in 1658. Battle of Fethan leag According to the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', in 584 CE a Saxon army led by King Ceawlin of Wessex and his son Cutha fought an army of Britons "at the place which is na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom Census 2011
A Census in the United Kingdom, census of the population of the United Kingdom is taken every ten years. The 2011 census was held in all countries of the UK on 27 March 2011. It was the first UK census which could be completed online via the Internet. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) is responsible for the census in England and Wales, the General Register Office for Scotland (GROS) is responsible for the census in Scotland, and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) is responsible for the census in Northern Ireland. The Office for National Statistics is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department formed in 2008 and which reports directly to Parliament. ONS is the UK Government's single largest statistical producer of independent statistics on the UK's economy and society, used to assist the planning and allocation of resources, policy-making and decision-making. ONS designs, manages and runs the census in England an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norman Conquest Of England
The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Normans, Norman, French people, French, Flemish people, Flemish, and Bretons, Breton troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror. William's claim to the English throne derived from his familial relationship with the childless Anglo-Saxon king Edward the Confessor, who may have encouraged William's hopes for the throne. Edward died in January 1066 and was succeeded by his brother-in-law Harold Godwinson. The Norwegian king Harald Hardrada invaded northern England in September 1066 and was victorious at the Battle of Fulford on 20 September, but Godwinson's army defeated and killed Hardrada at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September. Three days later on 28 September, William's invasion force of thousands of men and hundreds of ships landed at Pevensey in Sussex in southern England. Harold marched south to oppose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard De Clare, 5th Earl Of Hertford
Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, 6th Earl of Gloucester, 2nd Lord of Glamorgan, 8th Lord of Clare (4 August 1222 – 14 July 1262) was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, and Isabel Marshal.History of Tewkesbury by James Bennett 77 He was also a powerful Marcher Lord in Wales and inherited the Lordship of Glamorgan upon the death of his father. He played a prominent role in the constitutional crisis of 1258–1263. Early life On his father's death, when he became Earl of Gloucester (October 1230), Richard was entrusted first to the guardianship of Hubert de Burgh. On Hubert's fall, his guardianship was given to Peter des Roches (c. October 1232); and in 1235 to Gilbert, Earl Marshall. Marriage Richard's first marriage to Margaret or Megotta, as she was also called, ended with either an annulment or her death in November 1237. They were both about 14 or 15. The marriage of Hubert de Burgh's daughter Margaret to Richard de Clare, the young Earl of Gloucest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anselm Marshal, 6th Earl Of Pembroke
Ansel Marshal (also Ancel or Hansel, usually Anseau in French, died 23 December 1245) was the youngest and last of the five lawful sons of William Marshal. The rarity of the name in England often led it to be mistaken for the Lombardic Anselm. He was named after his father's youngest brother, a household knight active in the 1170s. Life Ansel was the youngest son of William Marshal and Isabel de Clare. He was reportedly born when his father was in his mid sixties, during his Irish exile. When his father was writing his testament in 1219, he had initially planned not to give anything to Ansel, despite loving him. He then reconsidered, after his advisors's suggestment, and set aside an annuity of £140 for him, which was to come from a land in Leinster. Ansel was a present figure both in the earlship of his brother Gilbert and in that of his brother Walter, frequently witnessing their acts. He married Matilda, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun. It was probably upon the marriage th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard De Clare, 2nd Earl Of Pembroke
Richard de Clare (c. 1130 – 20 April 1176), the second Earl of Pembroke, also Lord of Leinster and Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, Justiciar of Ireland (sometimes known as Richard FitzGilbert), was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. Like Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke, his father, Richard is commonly known by his nickname, Strongbow (). After his son and heir, Gilbert, died childless before 1189, the earldom passed through Richard's daughter Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke, Isabel de Clare and to her husband, William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, William Marshal. Nickname During the Middle Ages, official documents, with few exceptions, were written in Latin; in the Domesday Exchequer annals, written between 1300 and 1304 (that means, over 120 years after Richard's death), he was referred to as "''Ricardus cognomento Stranghose Comes Strugulliae"'', which translates to "Richard, known as Stranghose, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Giffard, 2nd Earl Of Buckingham
Walter Giffard, 2nd Earl of Buckingham (died 1164) was an English peer. He inherited the earldom Earl () is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of ''earl'' never developed; instead, ''countess'' is used. The titl ... in 1102 from his father Walter Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham, and died without issue in 1164 (during the reign of King Henry II); he was buried in Nutley, Sussex. His estate was divided between William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, and Richard de Clare, Earl of Hertford who were the two heirs of Rohais, sister of the first Earl of Buckingham. References *http://thepeerage.com/p18737.htm#i187361 02 1164 deaths Year of birth unknown People from Wealden District {{England-earl-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long Crendon
Long Crendon is a village and civil parish in west Buckinghamshire, England, about west of Haddenham and north-west of Thame in neighbouring Oxfordshire. The village has been called Long Crendon only since the English Civil War.Birch, 1975, page not cited The "Long" prefix refers to the length of the village at that time, and was added to differentiate it from nearby Grendon Underwood, which used to be known as "Crendon". This name is Old English and means 'Creoda's Hill' (in 1086 it was listed in the Domesday Book as ''Crededone''). History "Crendon" was the caput of the feudal honour held by Walter Giffard (died 1102), created Earl of Buckingham by William the Conqueror. The Manor in Long Crendon was once a great building that housed the later Earls of Buckingham and over the years the various manorial estates in the village have passed through the hands of the Crown, Oxford University, the Earls of March and the Marquis of Buckingham. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honour (land)
In the kingdom of England, a feudal barony or barony by tenure was the highest degree of feudal land tenure, namely ''per baroniam'' (Latin for "by barony"), under which the land-holder owed the service of being one of the king's barons. The duties owed by and the privileges granted to feudal barons are not exactly defined, but they involved the duty of providing soldiers to the royal feudal army on demand by the king, and the privilege of attendance at the king's feudal court, the ''Magnum Concilium'', the precursor of parliament. If the estate-in-land held by barony contained a significant castle as its '' caput baroniae'' and if it was especially large – consisting of more than about 20 knight's fees (each loosely equivalent to a manor) – then it was termed an honour. The typical honour had properties scattered over several shires, intermingled with the properties of others. This was a specific policy of the Norman kings, to avoid establishing any one area under the con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earl Of Buckingham
Earl of Buckingham is a peerage title created several times in the Peerage of England. It is not to be confused with the title of Earl of Buckinghamshire. It was first created in 1097 for Walter Giffard, but became extinct in 1164 with the death of the second earl. It may have been created again in 1164 for Richard de Clare ("Strongbow"), who died without issue in 1176. It was created again in 1377 for Thomas of Woodstock, the youngest son of King Edward III. He was created Duke of Gloucester in 1385. The dukedom was forfeit on his attainder in 1397, but the earldom passed to his son, Humphrey, but became extinct on his death two years later. The title was created a fourth time in 1618 for Mary Villiers for life only. The title was created for a fifth time in 1617 for her son George Villiers, 1st Viscount Villiers, who was subsequently created Duke of Buckingham in 1623. All titles became extinct on the death of the second duke in 1687. Earls of Buckingham (1097), f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William II Of England
William II (; – 2 August 1100) was List of English monarchs, King of England from 26 September 1087 until his death in 1100, with powers over Duchy of Normandy, Normandy and influence in Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. The third son of William the Conqueror, he is commonly referred to as William Rufus (' being Latin for "the Red"), perhaps because of his ruddy appearance or, more likely, due to having red hair. William was a figure of complex temperament, capable of both bellicosity and flamboyance. He did not marry or have children, which – along with contemporary accounts – has led some historians to speculate on homosexuality or bisexuality. He died after being hit by an arrow while hunting. Circumstantial evidence in the behaviour of those around him – including his younger brother Henry I of England, Henry I – raises strong, but unproven, suspicions of murder. Henry immediately seized the treasury and had h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Giffard, 1st Earl Of Buckingham
Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville in Normandy, 1st Earl of Buckingham (died 1102) was an Anglo-Norman magnate. Biography He was the son of Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville (one of the few proven companions of William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings in 1066) and Ermengarde daughter of Gerard Flaitel.Detlev Schwennicke, '' Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'', Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 4 (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt 1989), Tafel 695 His father had been given 107 lordships, 48 of which were in Buckinghamshire which Giffard inherited by 1085.Cokayne, p. 387 The caput of his feudal honor was at Crendon, Buckinghamshire. He held an important castle at Longueville overlooking the River Scie as well as vast estates in Buckinghamshire.C. Warren Hollister, ''Henry I'' (Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 2003), p. 69 As he held lands in both England and Normandy he was a vassal to both Robert Curtho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feudalism
Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in Middle Ages, medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour. The classic definition, by François Louis Ganshof (1944),François Louis Ganshof (1944). ''Qu'est-ce que la féodalité''. Translated into English by Philip Grierson as ''Feudalism'', with a foreword by F. M. Stenton, 1st ed.: New York and London, 1952; 2nd ed: 1961; 3rd ed.: 1976. describes a set of reciprocal legal and Medieval warfare, military obligations of the warrior nobility and revolved around the key concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs. A broader definition, as described by Marc Bloch (1939), includes not only the obligations of the warrior nobility but the obligations of all three estates of the realm: the nobility, the cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
