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Stenochlaenoideae
Blechnaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, with a cosmopolitan distribution. Its status as a family and the number of genera included have both varied considerably. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family has 24 genera, and excludes genera placed in the separate family Onocleaceae. The family is divided into three subfamilies, including Blechnoideae Sensu, s.s. Alternatively, the entire family may be treated as the subfamily Blechnoideae Sensu, s.l. of a very broadly defined family Aspleniaceae, and include genera others place in Onocleaceae. Description Most are ground dwelling, some are climbers, such as ''Stenochlaena''. A characteristic feature of many species is that the young opening fronds are usually tinged with red. Taxonomy The family was created by Edward Newman (entomologist), Newman in 1844. In 2014, Christenhusz and Chase submerged it as subfamily Blechnoideae within the family Aspleniaceae and include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telmatoblechnum
''Telmatoblechnum'' is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Stenochlaenoideae. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' and ''Plants of the World Online'' accepted two species: *''Telmatoblechnum indicum ''Telmatoblechnum indicum'' (many synonyms including ''Blechnum indicum'') or the swamp water fern is often seen growing on sandy soils in swampy areas. The specific epithet ''indicum'' is from Latin, revealing this plant was first collected in t ...'' (Burm.f.) Perrie, D.J.Ohlsen & Brownsey *'' Telmatoblechnum serrulatum'' (Rich.) Perrie, D.J.Ohlsen & Brownsey References Blechnaceae {{Polypodiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies. In 2016, the group published a classification for extant pteridophytes, termed "PPG I". The paper had 94 authors (26 principal and 68 additional). PPG I A first classification, PPG I, was produced in 2016, covering only extant (living) pteridophytes. The classification was rank-based, using the ranks of class, subclass, order, suborder, family, subfamily and genus. Phylogeny The classification was based on a consensus phylogeny, shown below to the level of order. The very large order Polypodiales was divided into two suborders, as well as families not placed in a suborder: Classification to subfamily level To the level of subfamily, the PPG I classification is as follows. *Class Lycopo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stenochlaena
''Stenochlaena'' is a genus of ferns of the plant family Blechnaceae. Six species were formally accepted in an April 2013 scientific review of the genus, first written some years earlier and submitted in 2009. One additional species ''S. hainanensis'' awaits confirmation of its difference from ''S. palustris'' by means of differences in fertile material and/or its formal publication. One additional likely species grows naturally in Cameroon, Africa, recognised with the descriptive name ''Stenochlaena'' sp. 'Cameroon' but it awaits formal description. Some species of Stenochlaena are common as climbing ferns in South-East Asian rainforests. After the end-Cretaceous mass extinction caused by an asteroid impact, a species of Stenochlaena was essentially the only common plant across North America for several thousand years. '' Stenochlaena palustris'' is known as ''midin'' in Sarawak, Malaysia and it is eaten as a popular vegetable similar to fiddlehead ferns, which is usually flav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Struthiopteris Spicant
''Struthiopteris spicant'', syn. ''Blechnum spicant'', is a species of fern in the family Blechnaceae, known by the common names hard-fern or deer fern. It is native to Europe, western Asia, northern Africa, and western North America. Like some other species in the family Blechnaceae, it has two types of leaves. The sterile leaves have flat, wavy-margined leaflets 5 to 8 millimeters wide, while the fertile leaves have much narrower leaflets, each with two thick rows of sori on the underside. The Latin specific epithet ''spicant'' is of uncertain origin, possibly referring to a tufted or spiky habit. ''S. spicant'' is hardy down to and evergreen, growing to . It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. The species was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus as ''Osmunda spicant''. It has been placed in a wide range of genera, including ''Blechnum'' (as ''Blechnum spicant''). In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brainea
''Brainea'' is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, with a single species ''Brainea insignis'', according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relatio ... classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is accepted in a 2016 classification of the family Blechnaceae, but other sources sink it into a very broadly defined ''Blechnum'', equivalent to the whole of the PPG I subfamily. References Blechnaceae Monotypic fern genera {{Polypodiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blechnidium
''Blechnidium'' is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, with a single species ''Blechnidium melanopus'', according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relatio ... classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is accepted in a 2016 classification of the family Blechnaceae, but other sources sink it into a very broadly defined ''Blechnum'', equivalent to the whole of the PPG I subfamily. References Blechnaceae Monotypic fern genera {{Polypodiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austroblechnum
''Austroblechnum'' is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is accepted in a 2016 classification of the family Blechnaceae, but other sources sink it into a very broadly defined ''Blechnum'', equivalent to the whole of the PPG I subfamily. Species , using the PPG I classification system, the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species and hybrids: *'' Austroblechnum aequatoriense'' (A.Rojas) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich * ''Austroblechnum'' × ''aggregatum'' (Colenso) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich *'' Austroblechnum andinum'' (Baker) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich *'' Austroblechnum ascendens'' (A.Rojas) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich *'' Austroblechnum asperum'' (Klotzsch) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich *'' Austroblechnum bakeri'' (C.Chr.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich *'' Austroblechnum banksii'' (Hook.f.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich *'' Austroblechnum colensoi'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorinseria
''Lorinseria'' is a genus of fern in the subfamily Woodwardioideae of the family Blechnaceae. Its only species is ''Lorinseria areolata'' (synonym ''Woodwardia areolata''), the netted chain fern, native to eastern North America. The monotypic genus ''Lorinseria'' has been separated from '' Woodwardia'' in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), on the basis of its anastamosing veins and lobed frond form, as well as its more marked frond dimorphism. However, the genus name ''Lorinseria'' appears to be a later homonym of ''Lorinsera'' Opiz, and will need to be replaced or conserved. The sterile fronds are 40–60 cm long, and the fertile fronds 50–70 cm long. It is superficially similar to '' Onoclea sensibilis'' and sometimes confused with it. Distribution and habitat This species is native to the southeast United States, but ranges all the way up the East Coast of the United States and Canada to southern Nova Scotia. It favors moist, sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anchistea
''Anchistea'' is a genus of leptosporangiate ferns in the family Blechnaceae. It has only one species, ''Anchistea virginica'' (synonym ''Woodwardia virginica'') the Virginia chain fern, which has long creeping, scaly, underground stems or rhizomes giving rise to tall (up to about 4 feet, 120 centimetres) widely separated, deciduous, single leaves. In contrast, the leaves of ''Osmundastrum cinnamomeum'', which can be mistaken for ''A. virginica'', grow in a group from a crown. Also in contrast to ''O. cinnamomeum'' the leaves are monomorphic without distinct fertile fronds. The lower petiole or stipe is dark purple to black, shiny and swollen, the upper rachis is dull green. The leaf blade is green and lanceolate, composed of 12 to 23 paired, alternate pinnatifid pinnae. The pinnae are subdivided into 15 to 20 paired segments that are ovate to oblong. The lower rachis is naked for about half its length. The sori or spore-producing bodies are found on the underside of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aspleniineae
Aspleniineae is a suborder of ferns in the order Polypodiales. It is equivalent to the clade eupolypods II in earlier systems; it is also treated as a single very broadly defined family Aspleniaceae. The suborder generally corresponds with the order Blechnales as described by J. L. Reveal in 1993. Aspleniineae includes some important ferns, including ''Onoclea sensibilis'', the sensitive fern, which grows as a virtual weed throughout much of its temperate North American range, and ferns of the genus ''Thelypteris'', a genus that has shown remarkable speciation. It also includes one of the more common horticultural ferns, ''Matteuccia struthiopteris'', the ostrich fern. Taxonomy In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the group is treated as the suborder Aspleniinae, and divided into 11 families. Alternatively, it may be treated as a single, very broadly circumscribed family Aspleniaceae ''sensu lato ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Segregate (taxonomy)
In taxonomy, a segregate, or a segregate taxon is created when a taxon is split off from another taxon. This other taxon will be better known, usually bigger, and will continue to exist, even after the segregate taxon has been split off. A segregate will be either new or ephemeral: there is a tendency for taxonomists to disagree on segregates, and later workers often reunite a segregate with the 'mother' taxon. If a segregate is generally accepted as a 'good' taxon it ceases to be a segregate. Thus, this is a way of indicating change in the taxonomic status. It should not be confused with, for example, the subdivision of a genus into subgenera. :For example, the genus '' Alsobia'' is a ''segregate'' from the genus '' Episcia''; The genera '' Filipendula'' and '' Aruncus'' are segregates from the genus '' Spiraea''. External links A more detailed explanation with multiple examples on mushroom A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned more with ecology than with syste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
