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Stalinist Repressions In Mongolia
The Stalinist repressions in Mongolia () was an 18-month period of heightened political violence and persecution in the Mongolian People's Republic between 1937 and 1939. The repressions were an extension of the Stalinist purges (also known as the Great Purge) unfolding across the Soviet Union around the same time. Soviet NKVD advisors, under the nominal direction of Mongolia's ''de facto'' leader Khorloogiin Choibalsan, persecuted thousands of individuals and organizations perceived as threats to the Mongolian Revolution of 1921, Mongolian revolution and the growing Soviet influence in the country. As in the Soviet Union, methods of repression included torture, show trials, executions, and imprisonment in remote forced labor camps, often in Soviet Gulag, gulags. Estimates differ, but anywhere between 20,000 and 35,000 "enemies of the revolution" were executed, a figure representing three to five percent of Mongolia's total population at the time. Victims included those accused ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongolian People's Republic
The Mongolian People's Republic (MPR) was a socialist state that existed from 1924 to 1992, located in the historical region of Outer Mongolia. Its independence was officially recognized by the Nationalist government of Republic of China (1912–1949), China in 1946. Until 1990, it was a one-party state ruled by the Mongolian People's Party, Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, and maintained close political and economic ties with the Soviet Union, as part of the Eastern Bloc. Outer Mongolia Mongolian Revolution of 1911, gained independence from Qing dynasty, Qing China in 1911, and enjoyed brief autonomy before it was Occupation of Mongolia, occupied by the Beiyang government of China in 1919. After Mongolian Revolution of 1921, a Soviet-backed revolution in 1921, the Mongolian People's Republic was established in 1924. It was led from 1939 to 1952 by Khorloogiin Choibalsan, who carried out Stalinist repressions in Mongolia, Stalinist purges in the country, and from 1952 to 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Navaandorjiin Jadambaa
Navaandorjiin Jadambaa ( Mongolian: Наваандоржийн Жадамбаа; sometimes spelled Jadamba in English) (1900–1939) was a Mongolian communist politician and revolutionary during the late Bogd Khanate and the early socialist era. He briefly served as the first republican head of state of socialist Mongolia after the death of Bogd Khan. In 1922, Jadambaa co-founded the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth Union with the writer S. Buyannemeh. Throughout the 1920s, he took up a variety of governmental positions, including deputy chairman of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party's Central Committee (1924–1928), chairman of the Revolutionary Youth Union's Central Committee, minister of economics, editor of the newspaper ''People's Army'' (Mongolian: ''Ардын цэрэг''), and deputy board chairman of the Mongolian-Soviet Joint Stock Bank. He became Acting Chairman of the State Great Hural in November 1924 following the death of the Bogd Khan, as he was repl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj
Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj (; 1898 – June 25, 1934) was a Mongolian politician who served as Chairman of the Mongolian People's Party, Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party from 1921 to 1928. He was Stalinist purges in Mongolia, expelled from the party in 1928 for his rightist policies and died in Moscow, USSR in 1934. Born in Ulan Bator, Niislel Khüree in 1898, Dambadorj attended Manchu and Russian Interpreter's School in the capital before moving onto the Russian gynamsium and then secondary school in Kyakhta, Troitskosavsk. He joined the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) in 1921, was acting chairman of the MPP Central Committee in March 1921. After the Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921 he was elected vice chairman (January to March 1922) and then chairman of the MPP Central Committee from March 15, 1922, to January 12, 1923, and again from August 31, 1924, to October 27, 1928. At the Third Party Congress in 1924, Dambadorj along with leftist leader Rinchingiin Elbegdorj, le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamsrangiin Tseveen
Tsyben Zhamtsaranovich Zhamtsarano (; 26 April 1881 – 14 April/May 1942), also known as Jamsrangiin Tseveen (), was a Buryat scholar and folklorist. He was a collector of Mongol epics, songs, and stories; researcher into shamanism; and translator of European literature into Mongolian. A nationalist, he was a leading figure in Mongolian politics and academia in the 1920s. In 1921, Zhamtsarano founded the Institute of Scriptures and Manuscripts, today the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. He was exiled to the Soviet Union in 1932, and in 1937 was arrested during the Stalinist Great Purge. Early life and education Tsyben Zhamtsaranovich Zhamtsarano (Jamsrangiin Tseveen) was born on 26 April 1881 to an Aga Khori Buryat family in Khoito-Aga, Transbaikal Oblast, Russian Empire, the son of the ''zaisang'' (headman) of the Sharaid clan. Zhamtsarano received a formal education at the Chita primary school from 1892. He also learned the tales and epics told by his great-grandmother and gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ajvaagiin Danzan
Ajvaagiin Danzan (; 1895–1932),Sanders, Alan J. K. (1996). ''Historical Dictionary of Mongolia''. Scarecrow Press, also known as Japan Danzan or Little Danzan, was chairman of Mongolian People's Party, Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) from January 2, 1923, to August 31, 1924. Born to peasant parents in Tüsheet Khan Province (present day east central Mongolia) in 1895, Danzan traveled to Japan in 1916, thus earning the moniker he carried later in life to distinguish him from his contemporary namesake, party leader Soliin Danzan. He joined the Mongolian People's Party in 1921, was elected vice-chairman of the party central committee from 1922 to 1923, and then chairman from 1923 to 1924. Danzan was party chairman during the Third Party Congress in 1924 that saw the purge and execution of former party chairman Soliin Danzan. After serving again as party deputy chairman from 1924 to 1925, he became a diplomatic envoy with postings in Soviet Russia (1925-1926) and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soliin Danzan
Soliin Danzan (; 1885–1924)Batbayar, Ts. (1996). ''Modern Mongolia: A Concise History.'' Offset Printing, Mongolian Center for Scientific and Technological Information was a central figure in Mongolia's early revolutionary movement. He was a founding member of the Mongolian People's Party (later renamed the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP) in 1919 and later served as chairman of the Party Central Committee in 1921. Danzan orchestrated the purge and execution of Mongolia's first prime minister, Dogsomyn Bodoo in 1922, but then was himself purged and executed in 1924. Early life and revolution Danzan was born in Tüsheet Khan Province in 1885. As a young man he made his living as a horse thief. Later he went on to work in Niislel Khüree (present day Ulaanbaatar) as a customs official in the Ministry of Finance. In 1919 Danzan, Dansrabilegiin Dogsom, and Damdin Sükhbaatar together established the clandestine nationalist group ''Züün Khüree'' (East Kh� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dogsomyn Bodoo
Dogsomyn Bodoo (1885–1922) was a prominent early 20th century Mongolian politician who was one of the founding members of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. He was elected leader of the provisional revolutionary government and following the Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921 became the country's first Prime Minister from July 1921 to January 1922. A power struggle led to his resignation on January 7, 1922. He was subsequently charged with treason for conspiring to overthrow the government, and was executed on August 31, 1922. Early life Bodoo was born in 1885 in Mandshir Hutagt in present-day Töv Province. He obtained his elementary education at the Manjusri Monastery and then studied at the Mongolian Language and Literature School in Khüree (present-day Ulan Bator). He later became a scribe at the ''Shaviyn Yaam'' (religious affairs office) and then a Mongolian Language teacher at the Russian-Mongolian School for Translators. He was literate in Mongolian, T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist International
The Communist International, abbreviated as Comintern and also known as the Third International, was a political international which existed from 1919 to 1943 and advocated world communism. Emerging from the collapse of the Second International during World War I, the Comintern was founded in March 1919 at a congress in Moscow convened by Vladimir Lenin and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (RCP), which aimed to create a new international body committed to revolutionary socialism and the overthrow of capitalism worldwide. Initially, the Comintern operated with the expectation of imminent proletarian revolutions in Europe, particularly Germany, which were seen as crucial for the survival and success of the Russian Revolution. Its early years were characterized by attempts to foment and coordinate revolutionary uprisings and the establishment of disciplined communist parties across the globe, often demanding strict adherence to the "Twe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongolian People's Party
The Mongolian People's Party (MPP) is a social democratic political party in Mongolia. It was founded as a communist party in 1920 by Mongolian revolutionaries and is the oldest political party in Mongolia. The party played an important role in the Mongolian Revolution of 1921, which was inspired by the Bolsheviks' October Revolution. The revolutionaries' victory resulted in the establishment of the socialist Mongolian People's Republic and the party becoming the sole ruling party of the country. The party changed its name to the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) and joined the Communist International in 1924. As the MPRP, the party was organized on the basis of democratic centralism, a principle conceived by Vladimir Lenin which entails democratic and open discussion on policy on the condition of unity in upholding the agreed upon policies. The highest body of the party was the Party Congress, convened every fifth year. When the Party Congress was not in sessio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristocracy
Aristocracy (; ) is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocracy (class), aristocrats. Across Europe, the aristocracy exercised immense Economy, economic, Politics, political, and social influence. In Western Christian countries, the aristocracy was mostly equal with magnates, also known as the titled or higher nobility, however the members of the more numerous social class, the untitled lower nobility (petty nobility or gentry) were not part of the aristocracy. Classical aristocracy In ancient Greece, the Greeks conceived aristocracy as rule by the best-qualified citizens—and often contrasted it favorably with monarchy, rule by an individual. The term was first used by such ancient Greeks as Aristotle and Plato, who used it to describe a system where only the best of the citizens, chosen through a careful process of selection, would become rulers, and hereditary monarchy, hereditary rule would actually have been f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pan-Mongolism
Pan-Mongolism is an irredentist idea that advocates cultural and political solidarity of Mongols. The proposed territory, called "Greater Mongolia" (, ''Dayaar Mongol'') or "Whole Mongolia" () usually includes the independent state of Mongolia, the Chinese region of Inner Mongolia, and the Russian region of Buryatia. Sometimes the autonomous republic Tuva, the Altai Republic and parts of Xinjiang, Zabaykalsky Krai, and Irkutsk Oblast are included as well. , all areas in Greater Mongolia (or Mongol heartland) except Mongolia have non-Mongol majorities. The nationalist movement emerged in the 20th century in response to the collapse of the Qing dynasty and the possibility of an independent Mongolian state. After the Red Army helped to establish the Mongolian People's Republic, Mongolian foreign policy prioritised seeking recognition of independence over territorial expansion. After the 1990 Mongolian Revolution ended Communist rule in Mongolia, a number of organizations have emerg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
