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Stalin's Poetry
Before he became a Bolshevik revolutionary and leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin was a promising poet. Literary career Like many Georgian children, Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili – who would later call himself Stalin – grew up with the national epic, '' The Knight in the Panther's Skin''. As a child, Jughashvili knew the poem by heart and passionately read the other popular poems of the time, notably those by Raphael Eristavi, Akaki Tsereteli and – once he learned Russian – Nikolay Nekrasov. At the Orthodox Seminary of Tiflis, where he was enrolled beginning in 1894, Jughashvili read Goethe and Shakespeare in translation, and could recite Walt Whitman. He also started writing Romantic poetry in Georgian. In 1895, at the age of 17, Jughashvili's work impressed the noted poet Ilia Chavchavadze, who published five of them in his journal, '' Iveria'', attributed to the pseudonym ''Soselo''. One of these poems, "Morning" (dedicated to Prince Raphael Eristavi), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stalin 1894
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1922 to 1952 and as the fourth Premier of the Soviet Union, premier from 1941 until his death. He initially governed as part of a Collective leadership in the Soviet Union, collective leadership, but Joseph Stalin's rise to power, consolidated power to become an absolute dictator by the 1930s. Stalin codified the party's official interpretation of Marxism as Marxism–Leninism, while the totalitarian political system he created is known as Stalinism. Born into a poor Georgian family in Gori, Georgia, Gori, Russian Empire, Stalin attended the Tiflis Theological Seminary before joining the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He raised f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilia Chavchavadze
Tavadi, Tavadi (Prince) Ilia Chavchavadze ( ka, ილია ჭავჭავაძე; 27 October 1837 – 12 September 1907) was a Georgians, Georgian journalist, publisher, writer and poet who spearheaded the revival of Georgian nationalism during the second half of the 19th century in the period of Georgia within the Russian Empire, Tsarist rule. He has been called Georgia's "most universally revered hero" and the "Father of the Nation." He was a leader of contemporary youth intellectual movement named "Tergdaleulebi" which spread modern and European Classical Liberalism, liberal ideals in Georgia (country), Georgia. Chavchavadze founded two modern newspapers: ''Sakartvelos Moambe'' and ''Iveria (newspaper), Iveria''. He coined the phrase "Ena, Mamuli, Sartsmunoeba" ("Language, Homeland, Faith"), a slogan of Georgian nationalism. During the 1905 Russian Revolution Chavchavadze was elected as a representative of the Georgian nobility to the imperial State Council (Russian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1895 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1895. Events *January – The Ottoman illustrated magazine ''Servet-i Fünun'' is taken over by Tevfik Fikret, who turns it into a vehicle for ''Edebiyat-ı Cedide'' ("New Literature"). These writers are committed to conservatism and Ottomanism, rather than Turkish nationalism, but also favor Westernization. They use a "recondite and obscure" Ottoman language within the framework of aestheticism. *January–May – H. G. Wells' first "scientific romance", the novella ''The Time Machine'', is published serially in ''The New Review'' (London). The first book editions are published by the Henry Holt and Company in New York on May 7 and by Heinemann in London on May 29. *January 3 – The première of Oscar Wilde's comedy '' An Ideal Husband'' takes place at the Haymarket Theatre in London. *January 5 **The première of Henry James's historical drama '' Guy Domville'' held at St James's Theatre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donald Rayfield
Patrick Donald Rayfield OBE (born 12 February 1942, Oxford) is an English academic and Emeritus Professor of Russian and Georgian at Queen Mary University of London. He is an author of books about Russian and Georgian literature, and about Joseph Stalin and his secret police. He is also a series editor for books about Russian writers and ''intelligentsia''. He has translated Georgian, Russian and Uzbek poets and prose writers. In March 2025, Donald Rayfield declined an award from the Writers' House of Georgia. Speaking at an event in London, he stated that he could not accept any gift associated with the Georgian Dream party. Bibliography *''Dream of Lhasa: The Life of Nikolay Przhevalsky'' (1976) *''The Cherry Orchard: Catastrophe and Comedy'' (1994) *''Anton Chekhov: A Life'' (1997) (and several other reprints) *''Understanding Chekhov: A Critical Study of Chekhov's Prose and Drama'' (1999) *''The Garnett Book of Russian Verse'' (2000) *'' The Literature of Georgia: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Service (historian)
Robert John Service (born 29 October 1947) is a British post-revisionist historian, academic, and author who has written extensively on the history of the Soviet Union, particularly the period from the October Revolution in 1917 to the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953. He was until 2013 a professor of Russian history at the University of Oxford, a fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford, and a senior fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. He has written biographies of Vladimir Lenin, Stalin, and Leon Trotsky. Service has been a fellow of the British Academy since 1998. Career and reception Service spent his undergraduate years at King's College, Cambridge, where he studied Russian and classical Greek. He went to the universities of Essex and of Leningrad for his postgraduate work, and taught at Keele and the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, before joining the University of Oxford in 1998. Between 1986 and 1995, Service published a three-volume bio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stalin's Cult Of Personality
Joseph Stalin's cult of personality became a prominent feature of Soviet popular culture. Historian Archie Brown sets the celebration of Stalin's 50th birthday on 21 December 1929 as the starting point for his cult of personality. For the rest of Stalin's rule, the Soviet propaganda presented Stalin as an all-powerful, all-knowing leader, with Stalin's name and image displayed all over the country. Stalin's image in propaganda and the mass media The building of the cult of personality around Stalin had to proceed judiciously, as British historian Ian Kershaw explains in his history of Europe in the first half of the 20th century, ''To Hell and Back'': A Stalin cult had to be built carefully. This was not just because the man himself was so physically unprepossessing – diminutive and squat, his face dominated by a big walrus mustache and heavily pitted from smallpox – or that he was a secretive, intensely private individual who spoke in a quiet, undemonstr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simon Sebag Montefiore
Simon Jonathan Sebag Montefiore ( ; born 27 June 1965) is a British historian, television presenter and author of history books and novels, including '' Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar'' (2003), '' Jerusalem: The Biography'' (2011), '' The Romanovs 1613–1918'' (2016), and ''The World: A Family History of Humanity'' (2022). Early life Simon Sebag Montefiore was born in London. His father was psychotherapist Stephen Eric Sebag Montefiore (1926–2014), a great-grandson of the banker Sir Joseph Sebag-Montefiore, the nephew and heir of the wealthy philanthropist Sir Moses Montefiore. Simon's mother was Phyllis April Jaffé (1927–2019) from the Lithuanian branch of the Jaffe family. Her parents fled the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century. They bought tickets for New York City, but were cheated, being instead dropped off at Cork, Ireland. In 1904, due to the Limerick pogrom, her father, Henry Jaffé, left the country and moved to Newcastle upon Tyne, Englan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Pasternak
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (30 May 1960) was a Russian and Soviet poet, novelist, composer, and literary translator. Composed in 1917, Pasternak's first book of poems, ''My Sister, Life'', was published in Berlin in 1922 and soon became an important collection in the Russian language. Pasternak's translations of stage plays by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Schiller, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Calderón de la Barca and William Shakespeare, Shakespeare remain very popular with Russian audiences. Pasternak was the author of ''Doctor Zhivago (novel), Doctor Zhivago'' (1957), a novel that takes place between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the Second World War. ''Doctor Zhivago'' was rejected for publication in the Soviet Union, USSR, but the manuscript was smuggled to Italy and was first published there in 1957. Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1958, an event that enraged the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which forced him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lavrentiy Beria
Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria ka, ლავრენტი პავლეს ძე ბერია} ''Lavrenti Pavles dze Beria'' ( – 23 December 1953) was a Soviet politician and one of the longest-serving and most influential of Joseph Stalin's secret police chiefs, serving as head of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) from 1938 to 1946, during the country's involvement in the Second World War. An ethnic Georgian, Beria enlisted in the Cheka in 1920, and quickly rose through its ranks. He transferred to Communist Party work in the Caucasus in the 1930s, and in 1938 was appointed head of the NKVD by Stalin. His ascent marked the end of the Stalinist Great Purge carried out by Nikolai Yezhov, whom Beria purged. After the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, Beria organized the Katyn massacre of 22,000 Polish officers and intelligentsia, and after the occupation of the Baltic states and parts of Romania in 1940, he oversaw the deportations of hundred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knight In The Panther's Skin
A knight is a person granted an honorary title of a knighthood by a head of state (including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church, or the country, especially in a military capacity. The concept of a knighthood may have been inspired by the ancient Greek ''hippeis'' (ἱππεῖς) and Roman ''equites''. In the Early Middle Ages in Western Christian Europe, knighthoods were conferred upon mounted warriors. During the High Middle Ages, a knighthood was considered a class of petty nobility. By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior. Often, a knight was a vassal who served as an elite fighter or a bodyguard for a lord, with payment in the form of land holdings. The lords trusted the knights, who were skilled in battle on horseback. In the Middle Ages, a knighthood was closely linked with horsemanship (and especially the joust) from its origins in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
