1895 In Literature
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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1895.


Events

*January – The Ottoman illustrated magazine ''
Servet-i Fünun ''Servet-i Fünun'' (; ) was an avant-garde journal published in the Ottoman Empire and later in Turkey. Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil, Halit Ziya (Uşaklıgil) and the other writers of the "New Literature" () movement published it to inform their reade ...
'' is taken over by Tevfik Fikret, who turns it into a vehicle for ''Edebiyat-ı Cedide'' ("New Literature"). These writers are committed to conservatism and Ottomanism, rather than Turkish nationalism, but also favor
Westernization Westernization (or Westernisation, see spelling differences), also Europeanisation or occidentalization (from the ''Occident''), is a process whereby societies come under or adopt what is considered to be Western culture, in areas such as industr ...
. They use a "recondite and obscure" Ottoman language within the framework of aestheticism. *January–May –
H. G. Wells Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 – 13 August 1946) was an English writer, prolific in many genres. He wrote more than fifty novels and dozens of short stories. His non-fiction output included works of social commentary, politics, hist ...
' first "
scientific romance Scientific romance is an archaic, mainly British term for the genre of fiction now commonly known as science fiction. The term originated in the 1850s to describe both fiction and elements of scientific writing, but it has since come to refer to ...
", the
novella A novella is a narrative prose fiction whose length is shorter than most novels, but longer than most novelettes and short stories. The English word ''novella'' derives from the Italian meaning a short story related to true (or apparently so) ...
''
The Time Machine ''The Time Machine'' is an 1895 dystopian post-apocalyptic science fiction novella by H. G. Wells about a Victorian scientist known as the Time Traveller who travels to the year 802,701. The work is generally credited with the popularizati ...
'', is published serially in ''The New Review'' (
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
). The first book editions are published by the
Henry Holt and Company Henry Holt and Company is an American book-publishing company based in New York City. One of the oldest publishers in the United States, it was founded in 1866 by Henry Holt (publisher), Henry Holt and Frederick Leypoldt. The company publishes in ...
in New York on May 7 and by Heinemann in London on May 29. *
January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
– The première of
Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish author, poet, and playwright. After writing in different literary styles throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular and influential playwright ...
's comedy '' An Ideal Husband'' takes place at the
Haymarket Theatre The Theatre Royal Haymarket (also known as Haymarket Theatre or the Little Theatre) is a West End theatre in Haymarket, London, Haymarket in the City of Westminster which dates back to 1720, making it the third-oldest London playhouse still in ...
in London. *
January 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...
**The première of
Henry James Henry James ( – ) was an American-British author. He is regarded as a key transitional figure between literary realism and literary modernism, and is considered by many to be among the greatest novelists in the English language. He was the ...
's historical drama '' Guy Domville'' held at St James's Theatre in London is booed. ** A. E. Waite ceases to publish and edit his occult periodical ''The Unknown World''. *
January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine Emperor Zeno (emperor), Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crow ...
– The
National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty The National Trust () is a heritage and nature conservation charity and membership organisation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The Trust was founded in 1895 by Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Hardwicke Rawnsley to "promote the ...
is registered in England and begins acquiring properties and making them accessible to the public. Carlyle's House in Chelsea is one of the first to open. *February – ''The Bookman'' (New York), a monthly, is first published by Dodd, Mead and Company with
Harry Thurston Peck Harry Thurston Peck (November 24, 1856 – March 23, 1914) was an American classical scholar, author, editor, historian and critic. Biography Peck was born in Stamford, Connecticut. He was educated in private schools and at Columbia College, gr ...
as editor. It publishes the first
bestseller A bestseller is a book or other media noted for its top selling status, with bestseller lists published by newspapers, magazines, and book store chains. Some lists are broken down into classifications and specialties (novel, nonfiction book, cookb ...
list, which is headed by Frank R. Stockton's novel '' The Adventures of Captain Horn''. *
February 14 It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day. Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution#Persian phase, Abbasid Revolution: The Kaysanites Shia#History, Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad ...
Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish author, poet, and playwright. After writing in different literary styles throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular and influential playwright ...
's last play, the comedy '' The Importance of Being Earnest'', opens at St James's Theatre, London. *
February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 3102 BC – Kali Yuga, the fourth and final yuga of Hinduism, starts with the death of Krishna. * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining J ...
– The Marquess of Queensberry (father of
Lord Alfred Douglas Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas (22 October 1870 – 20 March 1945), also known as Bosie Douglas, was an English poet and journalist, and a lover of Oscar Wilde. At Oxford University he edited an undergraduate journal, ''The Spirit Lamp'', that carr ...
,
Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish author, poet, and playwright. After writing in different literary styles throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular and influential playwright ...
's lover), leaves a calling card at the Albemarle Club in London inscribed: "For Oscar Wilde, posing somdomite", i. e. sodomite, inducing Wilde to charge him with criminal libel. In a meeting on March 25 at the Café Royal in London, Frank Harris and
George Bernard Shaw George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950), known at his insistence as Bernard Shaw, was an Irish playwright, critic, polemicist and political activist. His influence on Western theatre, culture and politics extended from the 188 ...
fail to dissuade Wilde from proceeding with the action. *
March 4 Events Pre-1600 * AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 581 – Yang Jian declares himself Emperor ...
George du Maurier George Louis Palmella Busson du Maurier (6 March 1834 – 8 October 1896) was a Franco-British cartoonist and writer known for work in ''Punch (magazine), Punch'' and a Gothic fiction, Gothic novel ''Trilby (novel), Trilby'', featuring the char ...
's play, ''
Trilby A trilby is a narrow-brimmed type of hat. The trilby was once viewed as the rich man's favored hat; it is sometimes called the "brown trilby" in UK, BritainBernhard Roetzel, Roetzel, Bernhard (1999). ''Gentleman's Guide to Grooming and Style''. B ...
'', based on his novel of the same name, serialised in 1894 and first published in book form in 1895, opens at the Boston Museum in the United States, with a New York première on April 15 at the Garden Theatre. Wilton Lackaye plays
Svengali Svengali () is a character in the novel ''Trilby'' which was first published in 1894 by George du Maurier. Svengali is a Jewish man who seduces, dominates and exploits Trilby, a young half-Irish girl, and makes her into a famous singer. Defini ...
and Virginia Harned the title rôle. *April/May – '' Pan'', a German arts and literary magazine, is first published, in Berlin. *
April 3 Events Pre-1600 * 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. * 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. * 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. ...
5 – Queensberry is acquitted in the libel case of ''Wilde v Queensberry'' at the
Old Bailey The Central Criminal Court of England and Wales, commonly referred to as the Old Bailey after the street on which it stands, is a criminal court building in central London, one of several that house the Crown Court of England and Wales. The s ...
in London. Evidence of Wilde's
homosexual Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior between people of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" exc ...
relationships with young men renders him liable to criminal prosecution under the Labouchere Amendment, while the Libel Act 1843 renders him legally liable for the considerable expenses Queensberry has incurred in his defence, leaving Wilde penniless. *
April 6 Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. * ...
– Oscar Wilde is arrested at the Cadogan Hotel, London, in the company of Robbie Ross, for "unlawfully committing acts of gross indecency with certain male persons". He is detained on remand in Holloway Prison. *
April 29 Events Pre-1600 * 801 – An earthquake in the Central Apennines hits Rome and Spoleto, damaging the basilica of San Paolo Fuori le Mura. * 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Kom ...
Joseph Conrad Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski, ; 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924) was a Poles in the United Kingdom#19th century, Polish-British novelist and story writer. He is regarded as one of the greatest writers in the Eng ...
's novel '' Almayer's Folly'' is published in London by T. Fisher Unwin, as Conrad's first published work, after retirement from his career at sea. It marks the first appearance of his pseudonym. *
May 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction. * 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy. *1533 – The marriage of King Henry ...
– Representatives of the
Astor Library The Astor Library was a free public library in the East Village, Manhattan, developed primarily through the collaboration of New York City merchant John Jacob Astor and New England educator and bibliographer Joseph Cogswell and designed by Alex ...
and Lenox Library, with the backing of Samuel J. Tilden, agree to merge and form the
New York Public Library The New York Public Library (NYPL) is a public library system in New York City. With nearly 53 million items and 92 locations, the New York Public Library is the second-largest public library in the United States behind the Library of Congress a ...
. *
May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. * 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...
**After a retrial of the criminal case of ''Regina v. Wilde'' at the
Old Bailey The Central Criminal Court of England and Wales, commonly referred to as the Old Bailey after the street on which it stands, is a criminal court building in central London, one of several that house the Crown Court of England and Wales. The s ...
,
Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish author, poet, and playwright. After writing in different literary styles throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular and influential playwright ...
is convicted of gross indecency and taken to Pentonville Prison to begin a two-year sentence of hard labour. In June he requests to read in his cell Pater's ''The Renaissance'',
Augustine Augustine of Hippo ( , ; ; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430) was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa. His writings deeply influenced the development of Western philosop ...
's '' Confessions'' and works by Baudelaire and Newman. On November 21 he is transferred to Reading Gaol. **
Henry Irving Sir Henry Irving (6 February 1838 – 13 October 1905), christened John Henry Brodribb, sometimes known as J. H. Irving, was an English stage actor in the Victorian era, known as an actor-manager because he took complete responsibility ( ...
becomes the first English actor to be
knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of a knighthood by a head of state (including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church, or the country, especially in a military capacity. The concept of a knighthood ...
ed as such. * June 21William Poel's newly formed Elizabethan Stage Society, created to promote productions of plays by Shakespeare and his contemporaries in the assumed style of the
English Renaissance theatre The English Renaissance theatre or Elizabethan theatre was the theatre of England from 1558 to 1642. Its most prominent playwrights were William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson. Background The term ''English Renaissance theatr ...
, gives its first performance, at Burlington Hall. * September 7 – The stage version of ''Trilby'' (see March 4) has its UK première at the Theatre Royal, Manchester, with a London première on October 30 at the Haymarket Theatre), with Herbert Beerbohm Tree and Dorothea Baird. The play is so successful that Tree can use the profits to build
Her Majesty's Theatre His Majesty's Theatre is a West End theatre situated in the Haymarket, London, Haymarket in the City of Westminster, London. The building, designed by Charles J. Phipps, was constructed in 1897 for the actor-manager Herbert Beerbohm Tree, who ...
. It also popularises the
trilby A trilby is a narrow-brimmed type of hat. The trilby was once viewed as the rich man's favored hat; it is sometimes called the "brown trilby" in UK, BritainBernhard Roetzel, Roetzel, Bernhard (1999). ''Gentleman's Guide to Grooming and Style''. B ...
hat. *October **''
The American Historical Review ''The American Historical Review'' is a quarterly academic history journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association, for which it is an official publication. It targets readers interested in all period ...
'' appears for the first time. ** Stephen Crane's
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
novel '' The Red Badge of Courage'' is first published in an abridged book format by D. Appleton & Company in New York. **
Rudyard Kipling Joseph Rudyard Kipling ( ; 30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936)''The Times'', (London) 18 January 1936, p. 12. was an English journalist, novelist, poet, and short-story writer. He was born in British Raj, British India, which inspired much ...
publishes the story " Mowgli Leaves the Jungle Forever" in '' The Cosmopolitan'' illustrated magazine in the United States, concluding the series collected in '' The Second Jungle Book'', published in England in November. *
November 1 Events Pre-1600 * 365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. * 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freisin ...
Thomas Hardy Thomas Hardy (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) was an English novelist and poet. A Literary realism, Victorian realist in the tradition of George Eliot, he was influenced both in his novels and in his poetry by Romanticism, including the poetry ...
's last completed novel, '' Jude the Obscure'' is published by Osgood, McIlvaine, and Co. in London, dated 1896, on completion of an expurgated serialization under the title ''Hearts Insurgent'' in ''
Harper's Magazine ''Harper's Magazine'' is a monthly magazine of literature, politics, culture, finance, and the arts. Launched in New York City in June 1850, it is the oldest continuously published monthly magazine in the United States. ''Harper's Magazine'' has ...
''. It is strongly criticized on moral grounds. Hardy later claims that Walsham How,
Bishop of Wakefield The Bishop of Wakefield is an episcopal title which takes its name after the city of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England. The title was first created for a diocesan bishop in 1888, but it was dissolved in 2014. The Bishop of Wakefield is ...
, burned a copy. *c. December – Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili, the future
Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...
, publishes his romantic poems in the newspaper ''Iveria'', receiving accolades from a senior writer,
Ilia Chavchavadze Tavadi, Tavadi (Prince) Ilia Chavchavadze ( ka, ილია ჭავჭავაძე; 27 October 1837 – 12 September 1907) was a Georgians, Georgian journalist, publisher, writer and poet who spearheaded the revival of Georgian nationalism ...
. *
December 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1154 – Henry II of England is crowned at Westminster Abbey. * 1187 – Pope Clement III is elected. * 1490 – Anne, Duchess of Brittany, is married to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor by proxy. * 1562 &ndas ...
Robert Frost Robert Lee Frost (March26, 1874January29, 1963) was an American poet. Known for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American Colloquialism, colloquial speech, Frost frequently wrote about settings from rural life in New E ...
marries Elinor Miriam White at
Lawrence, Massachusetts Lawrence is a city located in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, on the Merrimack River. At the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the city had a population of 89,143. Surrounding communities include Methuen, Massachusetts, Methuen ...
. *''unknown dates'' **Abdallah bin Hemedi bin Ali Ajjemy's ''Habari za Wakilindi'' is the first novel to be published in the
Swahili language Swahili, also known as as it is referred to endonym and exonym, in the Swahili language, is a Bantu languages, Bantu language originally spoken by the Swahili people, who are found primarily in Tanzania, Kenya, and Mozambique (along the East Af ...
. ** Castello Holford's utopian novel '' Aristopia: A Romance-History of the New World'', appears in Boston as the first full-length
alternate history Alternate history (also referred to as alternative history, allohistory, althist, or simply A.H.) is a subgenre of speculative fiction in which one or more historical events have occurred but are resolved differently than in actual history. As ...
in English. ** Ernest Thayer recites '' Casey at the Bat'' at a
Harvard Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher lear ...
class reunion, appearing to resolve a mystery about the poem's authorship. **The first edition of the '' Times Atlas of the World'' is published at the office of ''
The Times ''The Times'' is a British Newspaper#Daily, daily Newspaper#National, national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title ''The Daily Universal Register'', adopting its modern name on 1 January 1788. ''The Times'' and its si ...
'' newspaper in London. **
Hall Caine Sir Thomas Henry Hall Caine (14 May 1853 – 31 August 1931), usually known as Hall Caine, was a British novelist, dramatist, short story writer, poet and critic of the late 19th and early 20th century. Caine's popularity during his lifetim ...
travels in the United States and Canada, representing the U.K.
Society of Authors The Society of Authors (SoA) is a United Kingdom trade union for professional writers, illustrators and literary translators, founded in 1884 to protect the rights and further the interests of authors. Membership of the society is open to "anyon ...
. He obtains international copyright concessions from the Dominion Parliament.


New books


Fiction

* Grant Allen **''The British Barbarians'' **'' The Woman Who Did'' * John Kendrick Bangs – '' A House-Boat on the Styx'' *
Mary Elizabeth Braddon Mary Elizabeth Braddon (4 October 1835 – 4 February 1915) was an English popular Novelists, novelist of the Victorian era. She is best known for her 1862 sensation novel ''Lady Audley's Secret'', which has also been dramatised and filmed seve ...
– ''Sons of Fire'' *
Rhoda Broughton Rhoda Broughton (29 November 1840 – 5 June 1920) was a Welsh literature in English, Welsh novelist and short story writer.Robert Hadji, "Rhoda Broughton" in Jack Sullivan (literary scholar), Jack Sullivan (ed) (1986) ''The Penguin Encyclopedia ...
– ''Scylla or Charybdis?'' * Robert W. Chambers – '' The King in Yellow'' *
Anton Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (; ; 29 January 1860 – 15 July 1904) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer, widely considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career as a playwright produced four classics, and his b ...
– " Three Years" *
Joseph Conrad Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski, ; 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924) was a Poles in the United Kingdom#19th century, Polish-British novelist and story writer. He is regarded as one of the greatest writers in the Eng ...
– '' Almayer's Folly'' *
Marie Corelli Mary Mackay (1 May 185521 April 1924), also called Minnie Mackey and known by her pseudonym Marie Corelli (, also , ), was an English novelist. From the appearance of her first novel '' A Romance of Two Worlds'' in 1886, she became a bestselli ...
– '' The Sorrows of Satan'' * Stephen Crane – '' The Red Badge of Courage'' * Victoria Crosse – ''The Woman Who Didn't'' * Grazia Deledda – ''Anime oneste'' (Honest soul) * Ménie Muriel Dowie – '' Gallia'' * Alice Dunbar – ''Violets and Other Tales'' (short stories and poetry) * Isabelle Eberhardt as Nicolas Podolinsky – "Infernalia" (short story) * J. Meade Falkner – '' The Lost Stradivarius'' * Antonio Fogazzaro – '' The Little World of the Past (Piccolo mondo antico)'' * Ludwig Ganghofer – '' Hubertus Castle'' * Hamlin Garland – ''Rose of Dutcher's Coolly'' *
George Gissing George Robert Gissing ( ; 22 November 1857 – 28 December 1903) was an English novelist, who published 23 novels between 1880 and 1903. In the 1890s he was considered one of the three greatest novelists in England, and by the 1940s he had been ...
**'' Eve's Ransom'' **'' The Paying Guest'' **'' Sleeping Fires'' *
Thomas Hardy Thomas Hardy (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) was an English novelist and poet. A Literary realism, Victorian realist in the tradition of George Eliot, he was influenced both in his novels and in his poetry by Romanticism, including the poetry ...
– '' Jude the Obscure'' * Robert Hichens – '' An Imaginative Man'' * Castello Holford – '' Aristopia'' * William Wilson Hunter – ''The Old Missionary'' (book publication) *
Joris-Karl Huysmans Charles-Marie-Georges Huysmans (, ; 5 February 1848 – 12 May 1907) was a French novelist and art critic who published his works as Joris-Karl Huysmans (, variably abbreviated as J. K. or J.-K.). He is most famous for the novel (1884, pub ...
– '' En Route'' *
Henry James Henry James ( – ) was an American-British author. He is regarded as a key transitional figure between literary realism and literary modernism, and is considered by many to be among the greatest novelists in the English language. He was the ...
– ''Terminations'' (collection) * Olha Kobylianska – ''Tsarivna'' (Princess) * John Uri Lloyd – '' Etidorhpa, or, the end of the earth: the strange history of a mysterious being and the account of a remarkable journey'' * George MacDonald – ''
Lilith Lilith (; ), also spelled Lilit, Lilitu, or Lilis, is a feminine figure in Mesopotamian and Jewish mythology, theorized to be the first wife of Adam and a primordial she-demon. Lilith is cited as having been "banished" from the Garden of Eden ...
'' * Ian Maclaren – ''The Days of Auld Lang Syne'' * George Meredith – ''The Amazing Marriage'' * Dmitry Merezhkovsky – '' The Death of the Gods'' * Kálmán Mikszáth – '' St. Peter's Umbrella (Szent Péter esernyője)'' * Arthur Morrison – ''Chronicles of Martin Hewitt'' * Henrik Pontoppidan – ''Det forjættede Land'' (The Promised Land; publication concludes) *Gustavus W. Pope – '' Journey to Venus'' * Bolesław Prus – ''
Pharaoh Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian language, Egyptian: ''wikt:pr ꜥꜣ, pr ꜥꜣ''; Meroitic language, Meroitic: 𐦲𐦤𐦧, ; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') was the title of the monarch of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty of Egypt, First Dynasty ( ...
'' (''Faraon''; serialization begins) * Emilio Salgari – ''I misteri della 8jungla nera'' *
Henryk Sienkiewicz Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz ( , ; 5 May 1846 – 15 November 1916), also known by the pseudonym Litwos (), was a Polish epic writer. He is remembered for his historical novels, such as The Trilogy, the Trilogy series and especially ...
– '' Quo Vadis'' *
Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Tolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; ,Throughout Tolstoy's whole life, his name was written as using Reforms of Russian orthography#The post-revolution re ...
– '' Master and Man (Хозяин и работник)'' *
Jules Verne Jules Gabriel Verne (;''Longman Pronunciation Dictionary''. ; 8 February 1828 – 24 March 1905) was a French novelist, poet and playwright. His collaboration with the publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel led to the creation of the ''Voyages extraor ...
– '' Propeller Island (L'Île à hélice)'' *
H. G. Wells Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 – 13 August 1946) was an English writer, prolific in many genres. He wrote more than fifty novels and dozens of short stories. His non-fiction output included works of social commentary, politics, hist ...
– ''
The Time Machine ''The Time Machine'' is an 1895 dystopian post-apocalyptic science fiction novella by H. G. Wells about a Victorian scientist known as the Time Traveller who travels to the year 802,701. The work is generally credited with the popularizati ...
''


Children and young people

*
Lewis Carroll Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English author, poet, mathematician, photographer and reluctant Anglicanism, Anglican deacon. His most notable works are ''Alice ...
– '' Sylvie and Bruno'' * G. E. Farrow – '' The Wallypug of Why'' * Ellen Thorneycroft Fowler – ''The Young Pretenders'' (reissued 2007) *
Rudyard Kipling Joseph Rudyard Kipling ( ; 30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936)''The Times'', (London) 18 January 1936, p. 12. was an English journalist, novelist, poet, and short-story writer. He was born in British Raj, British India, which inspired much ...
**'' The Brushwood Boy'' **'' The Second Jungle Book'' *
L. T. Meade Elizabeth Thomasina Meade Smith (1844–1914), writing under the pseudonym L. T. Meade, was a prolific writer of girls' stories. She was born in Bandon, County Cork, Bandon, County Cork, Ireland, daughter of Rev. R. T. Meade, of Nohoval, County ...
– ''A Princess of the Gutter'' * Mary Louisa Molesworth (Mrs. Molesworth) – '' The Carved Lions'' * Emilio Salgari – ''I Misteri della Jungla Nera (
The Mystery of the Black Jungle ''The Mystery of the Black Jungle'' () is an exotic adventure novel written by Italian author Emilio Salgari, published in 1895. It features two of his most well-known characters, the hunter Tremal-Naik and his loyal servant Kammamuri, and intr ...
'' – first in the Sandokan series of eleven books) *
Florence Kate Upton Florence Kate Upton (22 February 1873–16 October 1922) was an American-born (Queens County, NY) British dual-national cartoonist and author most famous for creating the Golliwog character, featured in a series of children's books. Early life ...
– ''The Adventures of Two Dutch Dolls and a
Golliwog The golliwog, also spelled golliwogg or shortened to golly, is a doll-like character, created by cartoonist and author Florence Kate Upton, which appeared in children's books in the late 19th century, usually depicted as a type of rag doll. I ...
g'' * Alice Zimmern – ''Greek History for Young Readers''


Drama

* Tristan Bernard – ''Les Pieds nickelés'' *
Hall Caine Sir Thomas Henry Hall Caine (14 May 1853 – 31 August 1931), usually known as Hall Caine, was a British novelist, dramatist, short story writer, poet and critic of the late 19th and early 20th century. Caine's popularity during his lifetim ...
with Louis N. Parker – '' The Manxman'' (as ''Pete'') * Joaquín Dicenta – '' Juan José'' *
José Echegaray José Echegaray y Eizaguirre (19 April 183214 September 1916) was a Spanish civil engineer, mathematician, wikt:statesman, statesman, and one of the leading Spaniards, Spanish dramatists of the last quarter of the 19th century. He was awarded t ...
– ''El estigma'' * Hulda Garborg – ''Mødre'' *
Alfred Jarry Alfred Jarry (; ; 8 September 1873 – 1 November 1907) was a French Artistic symbol, symbolist writer who is best known for his play ''Ubu Roi'' (1896)'','' often cited as a forerunner of the Dada, Surrealism, Surrealist, and Futurism, Futurist ...
– '' Caesar Antichrist'' *
Maurice Maeterlinck Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (29 August 1862 – 6 May 1949), also known as Count/Comte Maeterlinck from 1932, was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist who was Flemish but wrote in French. He was awarded the 1911 Nobel Prize in ...
– '' Interior'' (''Intérieur'', verse play for
marionette A marionette ( ; ) is a puppet controlled from above using wires or strings depending on regional variations. A marionette's puppeteer is called a marionettist. Marionettes are operated with the puppeteer hidden or revealed to an audience by ...
s, first production) * Jules Renard – ''La Demande'' * Arthur Schnitzler – '' Liebelei'' * Tsubouchi Shōyō (坪内 逍遥) – ''Kiri Hitoha'' (A Paulownia Leaf, writing complete) *
Frank Wedekind Benjamin Franklin Wedekind (July 24, 1864 – March 9, 1918) was a German playwright. His work, which often criticizes bourgeois attitudes (particularly towards sex), is considered to anticipate expressionism and was influential in the developme ...
– '' Earth Spirit'' *
Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish author, poet, and playwright. After writing in different literary styles throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular and influential playwright ...
– '' The Importance of Being Earnest''


Poetry

* Pauline Johnson – ''The White Wampum'' * Giovanni Marradi – ''Ballati moderne'' * Banjo Paterson – '' The Man from Snowy River and Other Verses'' *''See also'' 1895 in poetry


Non-fiction

* Lord Acton – ''A Lecture on the Study of History'' *
Josef Breuer Josef Breuer ( ; ; 15 January 1842 – 20 June 1925) was an Austrian physician who made discoveries in neurophysiology, and whose work during the 1880s with his patient Bertha Pappenheim, known as Anna O., led to the development of the "cathart ...
and
Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud ( ; ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating psychopathology, pathologies seen as originating fro ...
– ''
Studies on Hysteria ''Studies on Hysteria'' () is an 1895 book by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, and the physician Josef Breuer. It consists of a joint introductory paper (reprinted from 1893); followed by five individual studies of hysterics – Br ...
(Studien über Hysterie)'' * Francis Darwin – ''The Elements of Botany'' * Annetta Seabury Dresser – ''The Philosophy of P. P. Quimby'' *
Gustave Le Bon Charles-Marie Gustave Le Bon (7 May 1841 – 13 December 1931) was a leading French polymath whose areas of interest included anthropology, psychology, sociology, medicine, invention, and physics. He is best known for his 1895 work '' The Crowd: ...
– '' Psychologie des foules'' (Psychology of Crowds) *
Friedrich Nietzsche Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher. He began his career as a classical philology, classical philologist, turning to philosophy early in his academic career. In 1869, aged 24, Nietzsche bec ...
– ''The Antichrist (book), Der Antichrist'' (written 1888 in literature, 1888)


Births

*January 24 – Eugen Roth, German poet and lyricist (died 1976 in literature, 1976) *
February 14 It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day. Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution#Persian phase, Abbasid Revolution: The Kaysanites Shia#History, Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad ...
– Max Horkheimer, German philosopher (died 1973 in literature, 1973) *February 28 – Marcel Pagnol, French novelist (died 1974 in literature, 1974) *March 29 – Ernst Jünger, German novelist (died 1998 in literature, 1998) *April 15 – Corrado Alvaro, Italian novelist and journalist (died 1998 in literature, 1968) *April 17 – Ion Vinea, Romanian poet and novelist (died 1964 in literature, 1964) *April 20 – Henry de Montherlant, French novelist and dramatist (suicide 1972 in literature, 1972) *April 23 – Ngaio Marsh, New Zealand detective fiction writer and theatre director (died 1982 in literature, 1982) *May 3 – Ernst Kantorowicz, German historian (died 1963 in literature, 1963) *May 8 – Edmund Wilson, American literary critic (died 1972 in literature, 1972) *May 9 – Lucian Blaga, Romanian poet and philosopher (died 1961 in literature, 1961) *May 11 – Jiddu Krishnamurti, Indian philosopher, speaker, and writer (died 1986 in literature, 1986) *May 19 – Charles Sorley, Scottish-born poet (killed in action 1915 in literature, 1915) *May 24 – Marcel Janco, Romanian–Israeli artist, art theorist, essayist and poet (died 1984 in literature, 1984) *June 16 – Warren Lewis, Irish-born historian (died 1973 in literature, 1973) *June 27 – Anna Banti, Italian art historian, critic, and translator (died 1985 in literature, 1985) *June 29 – Alice Lardé de Venturino, Salvadoran poet and writer (died 1983 in literature, 1983) *July 14 – F. R. Leavis, English literary critic (died 1978 in literature, 1978) *July 24 – Robert Graves, English poet and novelist (died 1985 in literature, 1985) *August 19 – Arnolt Bronnen, Austrian playwright and director (died 1959 in literature, 1959) *September 2 – D. I. Suchianu, Romanian essayist, translator, social scientist and film theorist (died 1985 in literature, 1985) * September 7 – Jacques Vaché, French writer and magazine editor (died 1919 in literature, 1919) *September 16 – Zainal Abidin Ahmad (writer), Zainal Abidin Ahmad, Malayan nationalist writer (died 1973 in literature, 1973) *September 21 – Sergei Yesenin, Russian poet (died 1925 in literature, 1925) *October 3 – Giovanni Comisso, Italian writer (died 1969 in literature, 1969) *October 6 – Caroline Gordon, American novelist and critic (died 1981 in literature, 1981) *October 17 – C. H. B. Kitchin, English novelist (died 1967 in literature, 1967) *October 20 – Alexandru Rosetti, Romanian linguist, editor and memoirist (died 1990 in literature, 1990) *October 31 – B. H. Liddell Hart, English military historian (died 1970 in literature, 1970) *
November 1 Events Pre-1600 * 365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. * 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freisin ...
– David Jones (artist-poet), David Jones, Anglo-Welsh poet and artist (died 1974 in literature, 1974) *November 16 – Michael Arlen, Armenian novelist and short story writer (died 1956 in literature, 1956) *December 1 – Henry Williamson, English novelist (died 1977 in literature, 1977) *December 9 – Vivian de Sola Pinto, English poet, literary critic, and historian (died 1969 in literature, 1969) *December 14 – Paul Éluard, French poet (died 1952 in literature, 1952) *December 24 – Noel Streatfeild, English novelist and children's writer (died 1986 in literature, 1986) *December 28 – Carol Ryrie Brink, American novelist and children's author (died 1981 in literature, 1981) *''Unknown date'' – Ionel Gherea, Romanian philosopher, essayist and novelist (died 1978 in literature, 1978)


Deaths

*
January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
– Mary Torrans Lathrap, American author and reformer (born 1838 in literature, 1838) *January 13 – John Robert Seeley, English historian and essayist (born 1834 in literature, 1834) *January 15 – Lady Charlotte Guest, English translator of Welsh literature (born 1812 in literature, 1812) *February 16 – Camilla Dufour Crosland, English writer and poet (born 1812 in literature, 1812) *February 19 – Auguste Vacquerie, French journalist (born 1819 in literature, 1819) *February 20 – Frederick Douglass, African-American abolitionist, orator and writer (born 1818 in literature, 1818) *March 5 – Nikolai Leskov, Russian journalist, novelist and short story writer (born 1831 in literature, 1831) *March 15 – Cesare Cantù, Italian historian (born 1804 in literature, 1804) *March 22 – Henry Coppée, American historian and biographer (born 1821 in literature, 1821) *
April 3 Events Pre-1600 * 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. * 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. * 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. ...
– Gustav Freytag, German novelist and dramatist (born 1816 in literature, 1816) *April 17 – Jorge Isaacs, Colombian writer, politician and explorer (born 1837 in literature, 1837) *April 25 – Emily Thornton Charles, American newspaper founder (born 1845 in literature, 1845) *April 26 – Eric Stenbock, German poet (born 1858 in literature, 1858) *May 4 – Lillian Spender (née Headland), English novelist (born 1835 in literature, 1835) *May 26 – Ahmet Cevdet Pasha, Ottoman historian and legal writer (born 1822 in literature, 1822) * June 27 – Sophie Adlersparre, Swedish feminist and magazine editor (born 1823 in literature, 1823) *August 1 – Heinrich von Sybel, German historian (born 1817 in literature, 1817) *August 5 – Friedrich Engels, German socialist writer (born 1820 in literature, 1820) *September 29 – William Grainge, English local historian (born 1818 in literature, 1818) *October 14 – Clara Doty Bates, American author (born 1838 in literature, 1838) *November 4 – Eugene Field, American children's author (born 1850 in literature, 1850) *November 27 – Alexandre Dumas, fils, French novelist and dramatist (born 1824 in literature, 1824) *November 28 – L. S. Bevington, English anarchist poet and essayist (born 1845 in literature, 1845)


References

{{Year in literature article categories