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Stackelberg Family
The Stackelberg family (; ), also spelled Stakelberg, is the name of an old and influential Baltic German noble family of German origin, represented at the Swedish, Russian and Finnish houses of nobility. History The family was first mentioned in 1244 in Cologne in a written document with ''Waldewerus de Stackelberg'' and in 1306 in Riga with Henricus de Stackelberg. They were mentioned as vassals of the Prince-Bishops of Dorpat. The family members were raised to the rank of Baron in 1714 and later in 1727 to the rank of Count in Sweden. They were also awarded with the title of Imperial Count in 1776 and in 1786. The title of Baron in Russian Empire was granted to them on December 7, 1854. Different branches of the Stackelberg family use different surnames; for instance, a nobiliary particle preposition i.e. ''von''. The Stackelberg family used to be one of the biggest landowning families in the Baltic region. Notable members * Berndt Robert Gustaf Stackelberg (1784–184 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltic German Nobility
The Baltic German nobility was a privileged social class in the territories of modern-day Estonia and Latvia. It existed continuously from the Northern Crusades and the medieval foundation of Terra Mariana. Most of the nobility consisted of Baltic Germans, but with the changing political landscape over the centuries, Polish, Swedish, Russian, Danish, and even Scottish families also became part of the nobility, just as Baltic German families re-settled in locations such as the Swedish and Russian Empires. The nobility of Lithuania is for historical, social and ethnic reasons separated from the German-dominated nobility of Estonia and Latvia. History This nobility was a source of officers and other servants to Swedish kings in the 16th and particularly 17th centuries, when Couronian, Estonian, Livonian and the Oeselian lands belonged to them. Subsequently, the Russian tsars used Baltic nobles in all parts of local and national government. Latvia in particular was noted for i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count Of The Holy Roman Empire
Imperial Count (, ) was a title in the Holy Roman Empire. During the medieval era, it was used exclusively to designate the holder of an imperial county, that is, a fief held directly ( immediately) from the emperor, rather than from a prince who was a vassal of the emperor or of another sovereign, such as a duke or prince-elector. These imperial counts sat on one of the four "benches" of ''Counts'', whereat each exercised a fractional vote in the Imperial Diet until 1806. Imperial counts rank above counts elevated by lesser sovereigns. In the post–Middle Ages era, anyone granted the title of ''Count'' by the emperor in his specific capacity as ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (rather than, e.g. as ruler of Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, the Spanish Netherlands, etc.) became, ''ipso facto'', an "Imperial Count" (''Reichsgraf''), whether he reigned over an immediate county or not. Origins In the Merovingian and Franconian Empire, a ''Graf'' ("Count") was an official who exerci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeologist
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of Artifact (archaeology), artifacts, architecture, biofact (archaeology), biofacts or ecofacts, archaeological site, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. It is usually considered an independent academic discipline, but may also be classified as part of anthropology (in North America – the four-field approach), history or geography. The discipline involves Survey (archaeology), surveying, Archaeological excavation, excavation, and eventually Post excavation, analysis of data collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Magnus Von Stackelberg (archaeologist)
Otto Magnus Freiherr von Stackelberg (25 July 1786 – 27 March 1837) was a Baltic German, Imperial Russian archaeologist, as well as a writer, painter and art historian. Life Early life He was born in Reval (Tallinn), Estonia to Otto Christian Engelbrecht von Stackelberg and Anna Gertruda Düker. His father, an Oberst (Colonel) in the Russian Imperial corps, died six years later in 1792. The young Otto showed an early predilection for music, unlike his brothers, who like many young men at the time were mainly interested in riding, fighting and hunting. His mother, recognising talent in his early drawings, arranged for the German painter Reus to come to the family estate at Fähna (Vääna) to act as Otto's tutor. Originally destined for the diplomatic corps, he began his studies at the University of Göttingen in 1803. Later that same year he travelled to Zurich with two of his brothers, a journey that was to have a great impact on his life. There he saw pictures by Johan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Magnus Von Stackelberg (ambassador)
Otto is a masculine German given name and a surname. It originates as an Old High German short form (variants '' Audo'', '' Odo'', '' Udo'') of Germanic names beginning in ''aud-'', an element meaning "wealth, prosperity". The name is recorded from the 7th century ( Odo, son of Uro, courtier of Sigebert III). It was the name of three 10th-century German kings, the first of whom was Otto I the Great, the first Holy Roman Emperor, founder of the Ottonian dynasty. The Gothic form of the prefix was ''auda-'' (as in e.g. '' Audaþius''), the Anglo-Saxon form was ''ead-'' (as in e.g. '' Eadmund''), and the Old Norse form was '' auð-''. Due to Otto von Bismarck, the given name ''Otto'' was strongly associated with the German Empire in the later 19th century. It was comparatively frequently given in the United States (presumably in German American families) during the 1880s to 1890s, remaining in the top 100 most popular masculine given names in the US throughout 1880–1898, but i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustav Ernst Von Stackelberg
Graf Gustav Ernst von Stackelberg () (5 June 1766, Reval, Governorate of Estonia – 18 April 1850, Paris, France) was a Russian diplomat of Baltic-German descent, and was the son of Otto Magnus von Stackelberg. By birth, he was member of the House of Stackelberg. Life As a Lieutenant in the Russian armed forces he fought in the Russo-Swedish War against King Gustav III of Sweden. After he left the army, he became a diplomat of the Russian court, initially as a chamber junker of Empress Catherine the Great. From 1794 he was the Russian ambassador to the Kingdom of Sardinia, from 1799 in Switzerland, from 1802 in the Batavian Republic, from 1807 in Prussia and from 1810 in Austria. After the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars,as ambassador to the Austrian Empire he was a member of the Russian delegation to the Congress of Vienna (1814–15) along with prince Razumovski, count Nesselrode and count Capo d Istria. In this capacity he was pivotal in the absorption of mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernst Von Stackelberg
Count Ernst Johann von Stackelberg () (181330 August 1870) was a Baltic German military figure and diplomat. Biography After having received home education, Stackelberg entered military service in 1832 as a cannoneer () in Leib Guard horse artillery. In 1833, he was promoted to junker and then warrant officer a year later. After two years of service in horse artillery, Stackelberg was sent to the Caucasus, where he would take part in several military campaigns (e.g., the Kuban Campaign of 1836 under the command of General Alexei Velyaminov and the 1837 campaign against the Chechens). For his service, Stackelberg was promoted to the rank of podporuchik and then transferred to the office of War Minister Alexander Chernyshyov as adjutant. In 1840, he was promoted to the rank of poruchik and sent to Caucasus yet again to participate in military action. Stackelberg was first placed under the command of Lieutenant General Apollon Galafeyev and took part in the Battle of the Va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Barthélemy
Saint Barthélemy, officially the Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy, also known as St. Barts (English) or St. Barth (French), is an overseas collectivity of France in the Caribbean. The island lies about southeast of the island of Saint Martin (island), Saint Martin; it is northeast of the Dutch islands of Saba (island), Saba and Sint Eustatius, as well as north of the independent country of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003 the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe to form a separate overseas collectivity (, abbreviated to ) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that make up the French West Indies, along with Collectivity of Saint Martin, Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast) and Martinique. A volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berndt Robert Gustaf Stackelberg
Berndt Robert Gustaf Stackelberg (12 January 1784 in Turku County, Finland – 10 November 1845 in Stockholm, Sweden) was a Swedish military officer and diplomat. Stackelberg was governor of the Swedish colony of St. Barthélemy in the West Indies 1812–1816, and chargé d'affaires of Sweden's diplomatic mission to the United States, 1819–1831. Early life Stackelberg was born as the second son of Berndt Magnus Stackelberg (1755–1815) and his first wife Baroness Ottiliana Ulrica De Geer af Tervik (1760–1798). The father was then an officer in the Turku County Infantry Regiment. Stackelberg followed in his father's footsteps and joined the army. In 1800 he was commissioned cornet in the Life Guards of Horse and was promoted to lieutenant in 1805. Stackelberg distinguished himself in the Battle of Sävar in 1809 where he was wounded in action, and was brevetted major and appointed assistant adjutant general. Later that year he became a knight of the Order of the Sword and co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltic Region
The Baltic Sea Region, alternatively the Baltic Rim countries (or simply the Baltic Rim), and the Baltic Sea countries/states, refers to the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea, including parts of Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. Unlike the "Baltic states", the Baltic region includes all countries that border the sea. Etymology The first to name it the ''Baltic Sea'' () was 11th century German chronicler Adam of Bremen. Denotation Depending on the context the ''Baltic Sea Region'' might stand for: * The countries that have shorelines along the Baltic Sea: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Sweden. * The group of countries that are members of the inter-governmental '' Baltic Assembly'' and '' Baltic Council of Ministers'', and generally referred to by the shorthand, Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. * Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, exclaved from the remainder of Russia.«The B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobiliary Particle
A nobiliary particle is a type of onomastic particle used in a surname or family name in many Western cultures to signal the nobility of a family. The particle used varies depending on the country, language and period of time. In some languages, it is the same as a regular prepositional particle that was used in the creation of many surnames. In some countries, it became customary to distinguish the nobiliary particle from the regular one by a different spelling, although in other countries these conventions did not arise, occasionally resulting in ambiguity. The nobiliary particle can often be omitted in everyday speech or certain contexts. Denmark and Norway In Denmark and Norway, there is a distinction between (1) nobiliary particles in family names and (2) prepositions denoting an individual person's place of residence. Nobiliary particles like af, von, and de (English: ''of'') are integrated parts of family names. The use of particles was not a particular privilege for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughly one-sixth of the world's landmass, making it the list of largest empires, third-largest empire in history, behind only the British Empire, British and Mongol Empire, Mongol empires. It also Russian colonization of North America, colonized Alaska between 1799 and 1867. The empire's 1897 census, the only one it conducted, found a population of 125.6 million with considerable ethnic, linguistic, religious, and socioeconomic diversity. From the 10th to 17th centuries, the Russians had been ruled by a noble class known as the boyars, above whom was the tsar, an absolute monarch. The groundwork of the Russian Empire was laid by Ivan III (), who greatly expanded his domain, established a centralized Russian national state, and secured inde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
