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Spindalis
''Spindalis'' is a genus consisting of four non-migratory species of bird. It is the only genus in the family Spindalidae. The species are mostly Endemism in birds, endemic to the West Indies; exceptions include populations of western spindalises on Cozumel Island, off the Yucatán Peninsula's east coast, and in extreme southeastern Florida. The species were traditionally considered aberrant members of the tanager family Thraupidae. Taxonomic studies recover them as a sister group to the Puerto Rican tanager (family Puerto Rican tanager, Nesospingidae), and some group Spindalidae and Nesospingidae within the Phaenicophilidae. Males are characterized by bright plumage while females are duller and have a different coloration. The nests are cup nest, cup-shaped. Taxonomy The genus ''Spindalis'' was introduced in 1837 by the naturalists Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet, William Jardine and Prideaux John Selby to accommodate a single species, ''Spindalis bilineatus'' Jardine and Selb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Spindalis
The western spindalis (''Spindalis zena'') is a songbird species. It was formerly considered conspecific with the other three species of ''Spindalis'', with the common name stripe-headed tanager. Taxonomy The western spindalis was Species description, formally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, tenth edition of his ''Systema Naturae''. He placed it with the finches in the genus ''Fringilla'' and coined the binomial name ''Fringilla zena''. Linnaeus based his account on "The Bahama Finch" that had been described and illustrated in 1730 by the English naturalist Mark Catesby in his book ''The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands''. Linnaeus specified the type locality (biology), type locality as southern America but this was restricted in 1936 by the Austrian ornithologist Carl Eduard Hellmayr to New Providence in the The Bahamas, Bahamas. The western spindalis is now one of the four species place ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puerto Rican Spindalis
The Puerto Rican spindalis (''Spindalis portoricensis'') is a bird endemic to the island of Puerto Rico, where it is commonly known as ''reina mora'' or ''cigua puertorriqueña''. The species is widely distributed throughout the island and is an important part of the Puerto Rican ecosystem because of its help in seed dispersal and plant reproduction. Taxonomy The Puerto Rican spindalis was originally classified as ''Spindalis zena portoricensis'', making it a subspecies of the western spindalis (''Spindalis zena''). In 1997, an article was published which presented an extensive analysis of the genus ''Spindalis''. The report concluded, based on differences in weight, color, pattern, distribution, and voice, that a split of ''S. zena'' was necessary. Four distinct species were identified—'' Spindalis dominicensis'', '' Spindalis nigricephala'', '' Spindalis portoricensis'' and ''Spindalis zena''. ''S. zena'' was also subdivided into five subspecies: ''S. z. pretrei'', ''S. z. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spindalis Nigricephala
The Jamaican spindalis (''Spindalis nigricephala'') is one of four species of bird in family Spindalidae. It is endemic to Jamaica. Taxonomy and systematics Historically, the genus ''Spindalis'' consisted of a single polytypic species, ''Spindalis zena'' (with the common name of stripe-headed tanager), with eight recognized subspecies. The genus was in the "true" tanager family Thraupidae. Beginning in 1997, based primarily on morphological and vocalization differences, three of the subspecies were elevated to species status of which the Jamaican spindalis is one, and ''S. zena'' was renamed western spindalis. Beginning in 2017, taxonomic systems moved the four spindalis species to the newly created family Spindalidae, which is not closely related to the tanagers. The Jamaican spindalis is monotypic. Description The Jamaican spindalis is about long and weighs . Adult males have a black head with a wide white supercilium and "moustache". It has a white chin and upper thro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spindalis Dominicensis
The Hispaniolan spindalis (''Spindalis dominicensis'') is one of four species of bird in family Spindalidae. It is endemic to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola which is shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Taxonomy and systematics Historically, the genus ''Spindalis'' consisted of a single polytypic species, ''Spindalis zena'' (with the common name of stripe-headed tanager), with eight recognized subspecies. The genus was in the "true" tanager family Thraupidae. Beginning in 1997, based primarily on morphological and vocalization differences, three of the subspecies were elevated to species status (including the Hispaniolan spindalis), and ''S. zena'' was renamed the western spindalis. Beginning in 2017, taxonomic systems moved the four spindalis species to the newly created family Spindalidae, which is not closely related to the tanagers. The Hispaniolan spindalis is monotypic. Description The Hispaniolan spindalis is about long and weighs . Adult males have a bl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puerto Rican Tanager
The Puerto Rican tanager (''Nesospingus speculiferus'') is a small passerine bird endemic to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the only member of the genus ''Nesospingus'' and has historically been placed in the tanager family, but recent studies indicate it as either belonging in its own family Nesospingidae or as being a member of Phaenicophilidae. Its closest relatives are likely the spindalises (family Spindalidae, sometimes also considered a member of the Phaenicophilidae). The Puerto Rican tanager is known to locals as , which means 'cryer'. Description Identification The Puerto Rican tanager is a small passerine, typically measuring between 18 and 20 cm (7–8 in) in length and weighing around 36 g. Both males and females are olive-brown above with pale grey to white underparts. Adults typically have faint dusky striping on the beast and pure white throats. Adults also have a conspicuous white spot on the wing and a dark crown and face which obscures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thraupidae
The tanagers (singular ) comprise the bird family (biology), family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds. Traditionally, the family contained around 240 species of mostly brightly colored fruit-eating birds. As more of these birds were studied using modern molecular techniques, it became apparent that the traditional families were not monophyletic. ''Euphonia'' and ''Chlorophonia'', which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the Fringillidae, in their own subfamily (Euphoniinae). Likewise, the genera ''Piranga'' (which includes the scarlet tanager, summer tanager, and western tanager), ''Chlorothraupis'', and ''Habia (bird), Habia'' appear to be members of the family Cardinalidae, and have been reassigned to that family by the American Ornithological Society. Description T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypy
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. Theoretical implications Monotypic taxa present several important theoretical challenges in biological classification. One key issue is known as "Gregg's Paradox": if a single species is the only member of multiple hierarchical levels (for example, being the only species in its genus, which is the only genus in its family), then each level needs a distinct definition to maintain logical structure. Otherwise, the different taxonomic ranks become effectively identical, which creates problems for organizing biological diversity in a hierarchical system. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puerto Rico
; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territory of the United States under the designation of Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), commonwealth. Located about southeast of Miami, Miami, Florida between the Dominican Republic in the Greater Antilles and the United States Virgin Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands in the Lesser Antilles, it consists of the eponymous main island and numerous smaller islands, including Vieques, Puerto Rico, Vieques, Culebra, Puerto Rico, Culebra, and Isla de Mona, Mona. With approximately 3.2 million Puerto Ricans, residents, it is divided into Municipalities of Puerto Rico, 78 municipalities, of which the most populous is the Capital city, capital municipality of San Juan, Puerto Rico, San Juan, followed by those within the San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
