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Special Court
An extraordinary court, or special court, is a type of court that is established outside of ordinary judiciary, composed of irregularly selected judges or applying irregular procedure for judgment. Since extraordinary courts can be abused to infringe fundamental rights of individuals, most modern countries ban such courts by constitution or statutes. Usually, modern military courts judged by courts-martial are regarded as examples of extraordinary courts. By country Cambodia An extraordinary court is the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, which is basically a chamber in the national court of Cambodia that is specially designed to judge crimes of the Khmer Rouge such as the Cambodian genocide, but its judges are not of the ordinary Cambodian judiciary but are selected among international candidates nominated by Secretary-General of the United Nations, according to an agreement between United Nations and the Cambodian government. Germany In modern Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extraordinary Chambers In The Courts Of Cambodia - 3 February 2012
Extraordinary may refer to: Music * Extraordinary (Clean Bandit song), "Extraordinary" (Clean Bandit song), 2014 * Extraordinary (Liz Phair song), "Extraordinary" (Liz Phair song), 2004 * Extraordinary (Mandy Moore song), "Extraordinary" (Mandy Moore song), 2007 * "Extraordinary", a song by Idina Menzel from ''Idina (album), Idina'', 2016 * "Extraordinary", a song by Prince from ''The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale'', 1999 * ''ExtraOrdinary'', an EP by Nizlopi, 2006 Television and film * Extraordinary (TV series), ''Extraordinary'' (TV series), a 2023–2024 British superhero comedy series * ''The Extraordinary'', a 1993–1997 Australian documentary series * ''Extraordinary: The Stan Romanek Story'', a 2013 documentary film about Stan Romanek See also * * {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judiciary Of Germany
The judiciary of Germany is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in Germany. The German legal system is a civil law (legal system), civil law mostly based on a comprehensive compendium of statutes, as compared to the common law systems. In criminal and administrative law, Germany uses an inquisitorial system where the judges are actively involved in investigating the facts of the case, as compared to an adversarial system where the role of the judge is primarily that of an impartial referee between the prosecutor or plaintiff and the defendant or Defense (legal), defense counsel. In Germany, the independence of the judiciary is historically older than democracy. The organisation of courts is traditionally strong, and almost all federal and state actions are subject to judicial review. Judges follow a distinct career path. At the end of their legal education at university, all law students must pass a state examination before they can continue on to an apprenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warrant (law)
A warrant is generally an order that serves as a specific type of authorization, that is, a writ issued by a competent officer, usually a judge or magistrate, that permits an otherwise illegal act that would violate individual rights in order to enforce the law and aid in investigations; affording the person executing the writ protection from damages if the act is performed. A warrant is usually issued by a court and is directed to a sheriff, a constable, or a police officer. Warrants normally issued by a court include search warrants, arrest warrants, and execution warrants. Types * Arrest warrant, issued by a judge to detain someone * Execution warrant, writ issued by a judge authorizing the death of someone * Possessory warrant, a civil writ issued by a judge ordering property searched for, then delivered to a named person * Search warrant, a writ issued by a judge allowing law enforcement to look inside a property * Warrant of committal, issued by a judge ordering ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
The United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC), also called the FISA Court, is a United States federal courts, U.S. federal court established under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to oversee requests for surveillance Warrant (law), warrants against foreign spying, spies inside the United States by Federal law enforcement in the United States, federal law enforcement and United States Intelligence Community, intelligence agencies. FISA was created by the U.S. United States Congress, Congress based on the recommendations of the United States Senate, Senate's Church Committee, which was convened in 1975 to investigate illicit activities and civil rights abuses by the federal United States Intelligence Community, intelligence community. Pursuant to the law, the FISC reviews requests to conduct physical and electronic surveillance within the U.S. concerning "foreign intelligence information" between "foreign powers" and "agents of foreign p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judiciary Of South Korea
The judiciary of South Korea () is the judicial branch () of the South Korean central government, established by Chapter 5 and 6 of the Constitution of South Korea. Under Chapter 5, the Constitution defines ordinary courts for all cases except those involving constitutional review. It also defines military courts as extraordinary courts for military justice matters. Both ordinary courts and military courts have the Supreme Court of Korea as their highest court. Generally, ordinary courts have a three-level hierarchy with independent judges, 14 Supreme Court Justices by statute, and one Chief Justice of Supreme Court among the justices. Military courts, on the other hand, are organized only in the first instance of a three-level hierarchy at peacetime. Their final appellate always falls under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, even in wartime. Under Chapter 6 of the Constitution, the Constitutional Court of Korea is defined as the highest court on matters of const ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Court Of Korea
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a distinct military uniform. They may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of a military is usually defined as defence of their state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms "armed forces" and "military" are often synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include other paramilitary forces such as armed police. Beyond warfare, the military may be employed in additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within the state, including internal security threats, crowd control, promotion of political agendas, emergency services and reconstruction, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of Korea
The Supreme Court of Korea () is the highest ordinary court in the judicial branch of South Korea, seated in Seocho, Seoul. Established under Chapter 5 of the Constitution of South Korea, the court has ultimate and comprehensive jurisdiction over all cases except those falling under the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of Korea. It consists of 14 justices, including the chief justice of the Supreme Court of Korea. In 2025, President Lee Jae-myung added 16 more seats to the court. The Supreme Court sits atop all ordinary courts in South Korea and has traditionally represented the conventional judiciary of South Korea. The Supreme Court of Korea is one of the two apex courts in South Korea, the other being the Constitutional Court of Korea. History The original constitution during the First Republic established 'Supreme Court' and 'Constitutional Committee' () in Chapter 5. The Supreme Court was established as the highest ordinary court but lacked the power of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Court Of Korea
The Constitutional Court of Korea () is one of the apex courtsalong with the Supreme Court of Korea, Supreme Courtin Judiciary of South Korea, South Korea's judiciary that exercises constitutional review, seated in Jongno District, Jongno, Seoul. The Constitution of South Korea, South Korean constitution vests Judiciary, judicial power in courts composed of judges, which establishes the ordinary court, ordinary-court system, but also separates an independent constitutional court and grants it exclusive jurisdiction over matters of constitutionality. Specifically, Chapter VI Article 111 Clause 1 of the South Korean constitution specifies the following cases to be ''exclusively'' reviewed by the Constitutional Court: # Constitutionality of a law upon the request of the courts; # Impeachment; # Dissolution of a political party; # Jurisdictional disputes between state agencies, between state agencies and local governments, and between local governments; and # Constitutional compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justice Of The Constitutional Court Of Korea
The Constitutional Court of Korea is one of two highest courts in the court system of South Korea. It is composed of nine Constitutional Court justices (). One of the nine justices serves as the chief justice, official titled the President of the Constitutional Court. The number of Constitutional Court justices is specified in Article 111 Clause 2 of the Constitution of South Korea. By Article 111 Clause 2 of the constitution, all of the Constitutional Court justices are appointed by the president of South Korea. However, following Article 111 Clause 3 of the constitution, three of the Constitutional Court justices should be appointed from candidates selected by the National Assembly, and another three should be appointed from candidates nominated by the Supreme Court chief justice. Thus, only three of nine Constitutional Court justices are directly appointed by the president of South Korea. They serve for a renewable six-year term under Article 112 Clause 1 of the constituti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of South Korea
The Constitution of the Republic of Korea () is the supreme law of South Korea. It was promulgated on July 17, 1948, and last revised on October 29, 1987. Background The Provisional Charter of Korea The preamble of the Constitution of South Korea states that the document was established in the spirit of "upholding the cause of the Provisional Republic of Korea Government", the Korean government exiled after the imposition of Japanese colonial rule of Korea. As such, the founding document of the provisional government—The Provisional Charter of Korea—serves as the basis for the current constitution. Promulgated in 1919, the charter first gave the country the "Republic of Korea" name and laid out the ideas forming the backbone of later South Korean constitutions. These ten articles are: # The Republic of Korea is a democratic republic. # The Provisional Government governs the Republic of Korea under resolutions of the Provisional Assembly. # All citizens of the Republi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Court
A court-martial (plural ''courts-martial'' or ''courts martial'', as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court. A court-martial is empowered to determine the guilt of members of the armed forces subject to military law, and, if the defendant is found guilty, to decide upon punishment. In addition, courts-martial may be used to try prisoners of war for war crimes. The Geneva Conventions require that POWs who are on trial for war crimes be subject to the same procedures as would be the holding military's own forces. Finally, courts-martial can be convened for other purposes, such as dealing with violations of martial law, and can involve civilian defendants. Most navies have a standard court-martial which convenes whenever a ship is lost; this does not presume that the captain is suspected of wrongdoing, but merely that the circumstances surrounding the loss of the ship be made part of the official record. Most military for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and the Sea of Japan to the east. Like North Korea, South Korea claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and List of islands of South Korea, adjacent islands. It has Demographics of South Korea, a population of about 52 million, of which half live in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, the List of largest cities, ninth most populous metropolitan area in the world; other major cities include Busan, Daegu, and Incheon. The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. Gojoseon, Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early seventh century BC. From the mid first century BC, various Polity, polities consolidated into the rival Three Kingdoms of Korea, kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Sil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
