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Southwest Sabahan Languages
The Sabahan languages are a group of Austronesian languages centered on the Bornean province of Sabah. Languages Blust (2010) The constituents are separated into two families in Blust (2010): ;Northeast Sabahan *Bonggi * Ida’an ;Southwest Sabahan * Dusunic (15) * Paitanic (4) * Murutic (7) * Tidong (5) Lobel (2013) Lobel (2013b, p. 47, 361) proposes the following internal classification of Southwest Sabahan, based on phonological and morphological evidence. *Greater Dusunic ** Dusunic ** Bisaya- Lotud ** Paitanic *Greater Murutic ** Murutic **Tatana ** Papar Lobel (2013:367–368) lists the following Proto-Southwest Sabahan phonological innovations that were developed from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian. (Note: PSWSAB stands for Proto-Southwest Sabahan, while PMP stands for Proto-Malayo-Polynesian.) *PMP *h > PSWSAB Ø *PMP *a > PSWSAB *ə / _# (possibly be an areal feature in Sabah or northern Borneo, since this is also found in Idaanic) *PMP *R > PSWSAB *h / (a,i,u)_(a,ə ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabah
Sabah () is a state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah borders the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and the North Kalimantan province of Indonesia to the south. The Federal Territory of Labuan is an island just off Sabah's west coast. Kota Kinabalu is the state capital city, the economic centre of the state, and the seat of the Sabah state government. Other major towns in Sabah include Sandakan and Tawau. The 2020 census recorded a population of 3,418,785 in the state. It has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests, abundant with animal and plant species. The state has long mountain ranges on the west side which forms part of the Crocker Range National Park. Kinabatangan River, the second longest river in Malaysia runs through Sabah. The highest point of Sabah, Mount Kinabalu is also the highest point of Malaysia. The earliest human settlement in Sabah can be traced back to 20,000–30,000 years ago al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lotud Language
Lotud, also known as Dusun Lotud, is a shifting Austronesian language of Sabah, Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r .... References Dusunic languages Endangered Austronesian languages Languages of Malaysia {{austronesian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenyah Languages
The Kenyah languages are a group of half a dozen or so closely related languages spoken by the Kenyah peoples of Borneo. They are: : Kenyah proper (a dialect cluster, incl. Madang), Sebob, Tutoh (Long Wat), Wahau Kenyah, Uma’ Lung / Uma’ Lasan. '' Ethnologue'' says that the Punan–Nibong languages are related to Uma’ Lasan, ''Glottolog'' that they are outside the Kenyah languages. Classification Soriente (2008) proposes a Kayan-Kenyah grouping. *Proto–Kayan-Kenyah **Kenyah *** Upper Pujungan *** Usun Apau **Penan *** West Penan *** East Penan ** Kayanic *** Lebu Kulit *** Mboh *** Ngorek *** Kayan However, Smith (2015) rejects Soriente's grouping, and argues that Kenyah and Kayan are separate groups. Smith (2015) proposes the following classification.Smith, Alexander D. "On the Classification of Kenyah and Kayanic Languages." In ''Oceanic Linguistics'', Volume 54, Number 2, December 2015, pp. 333-357. *Proto-Kenyah **Highland ***Highland A dialects: Lepo Gah, Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apo Duat Languages
The Apo Duat or Dayic languages are a group of closely related languages spoken by the Kelabit, Lun Bawang, and related peoples. They are: *Kelabitic: Kelabit, Lengilu, Sa'ban, Tring Tring is a market town and civil parish in the Borough of Dacorum, Hertfordshire, England. It is situated in a gap passing through the Chiltern Hills, classed as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, from Central London. Tring is linked t ... * Lundayeh: Lun Bawang, Adang, Balait, Kolur, Lepu Potng, Lun Dayah, Lun Daye, Padas, Trusan Putoh may be an additional language, or it may be a dialect of Lundayeh. References {{au-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berawan–Lower Baram Languages
The Berawan – Lower Baram languages are a group of half a dozen languages spoken in Borneo. Languages *Berawan Berawan is an Austronesian language of Sarawak Sarawak (; ) is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located i ... *Lower Baram: Belait, Kiput, Lelak, Narom, Tutong References {{austronesian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bintulu Language
Bintulu or Vaie is an Austronesian language of Borneo. Robert Blust leaves it as an isolate within the North Sarawakan languages. ''Ethnologue'' notes that it might be closest to Baram within those languages. References External links * Paradisec has an open access collection oBintulu language recordingsmade by Robert Blust. * Kaipuleohone Kaipuleohone is a digital ethnographic archive that houses audio and visual files, photographs, as well as hundreds of textual material such as notes, dictionaries, and transcriptions relating to small and endangered languages. The archive is stored ... also has archived materials of Bintulu. * Vaie words in the Malay Wiktionary North Sarawakan languages Languages of Malaysia Endangered Austronesian languages {{Austronesian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Sarawakan Languages
The North Sarawakan languages are a group of Austronesian languages spoken in the northeastern part of the province of Sarawak, Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java Isl ..., and proposed in Blust (1991, 2010). ;North Sarawakan languages * Kenyah * Dayic languages (Apo Duat) * Berawan–Lower Baram *'' Bintulu'' ''Ethnologue'' 16 adds Punan Tubu as an additional branch, and notes that Bintulu might be closest to Baram. The Melanau–Kajang languages were removed in Blust 2010. The Northern Sarawak languages are well known for strange phonological histories. Classification Smith (2017)Smith, Alexander. 2017. ''The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification''. PhD Dissertation: University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. classifies the North Sarawakan languages as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, which is by far the largest branch (by current speakers) of the Austronesian language family. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian is ancestral to all Austronesian languages spoken outside Taiwan, as well as the Yami language on Taiwan's Orchid Island. The first systematic reconstruction of Proto-Austronesian ("''Uraustronesisch''") by Otto Dempwolff was based on evidence from languages outside of Taiwan, and was therefore actually the first reconstruction of what is now known as Proto-Malayo-Polynesian. Phonology Consonants The following consonants can be reconstructed for Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (Blust 2009): The phonetic value of the reconstructed sounds *p, *b, *w, *m, *t, *d, *n, *s, *l, *r, *k, *g, *ŋ, *q, *h was as indicated by the spelling. The symbols *ñ, *y, *z, *D, *j, *R are orthographic conventions first introduced by Dyen (1947). The assumed phonetic values are given in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papar Language
Papar is a minor Austronesian language spoken in Sabah, Malaysia. References External links * Materials on Karnai are included in the open access Arthur Capell collectionAC2 held by Paradisec The Pacific and Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC) is a cross-institutional project that supports work on endangered languages and cultures of the Pacific and the region around Australia. They digitise reel- .... {{Austronesian languages Murutic languages Languages of Sabah Languages of Malaysia Endangered Austronesian languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tatana Language
Tatana (Tatanaq) is a Sabahan language spoken in Sabah, Malaysia. Due to limited studies, it is hard to ascertain whether Tatana requires a category on its own or is considered a Bisaya variety based on its 90% linguistic intelligibility with the closely related Bisaya ethnic in Sabah. The current speakers of Tatana identify themselves as an ethnic subgroup of the Dusun Dusun is the collective name of a tribe or ethnic and linguistic group in the Malaysian state of Sabah of North Borneo. Collectively, they form the largest ethnic group in Sabah. Dusun has been recognised as among the indigenous community of ... people of Borneo. Jason Lobel (2013:360) classifies Tatana (along with Papar) as Murutic rather than Dusunic. References *Lobel, Jason William. 2013''Philippine and North Bornean languages: issues in description, subgrouping, and reconstruction'' Ph.D. dissertation. Manoa: University of Hawai'i at Manoa. Further reading * Murutic languages Languages of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brunei Bisaya Language
Bisaya, also known as Southern Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya, Brunei Dusun or Tutong 1, is a Sabahan language spoken in Brunei and Sarawak, Malaysia. References External links * Kaipuleohone's Robert Blust Robert A. Blust (; ; May 9, 1940 – January 5, 2022) was an American linguist who worked in several areas, including historical linguistics, lexicography and ethnology. He was Professor of Linguistics at the University of Hawaii at Mānoa. Bl ... collection includes materials on Bisaya. Dusunic languages Languages of Sabah Languages of Brunei Languages of Malaysia {{au-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borneo
Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java Island, Java, west of Sulawesi, and east of Sumatra. The list of divided islands, island is politically divided among three countries: Malaysia and Brunei in the north, and Indonesia to the south. Approximately 73% of the island is Indonesian territory. In the north, the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak make up about 26% of the island. The population in Borneo is 23,053,723 (2020 national censuses). Additionally, the Malaysian federal territory of Labuan is situated on a small island just off the coast of Borneo. The sovereign state of Brunei, located on the north coast, comprises about 1% of Borneo's land area. A little more than half of the island is in the Northern Hemisphere, including Brunei and the Malaysian portion, while the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
