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Southern Mashan Hmong
Mang, or Mashan Miao also known as Mashan Hmong (麻山 ''máshān''), is a Miao language of China, spoken primarily in Ziyun Miao and Buyei Autonomous County, southwestern Guizhou province, southwest China. The endonym is ''Mang'', similar to other West Hmongic languages such as Mong. Varieties Mang was classified as a branch of Western Hmongic in Wang (1985), who listed four varieties. Matisoff (2001) gave these four varieties the status of separate languages, and, conservatively, did not retain them as a single group within West Hmongic. Li Yunbing (2000) added two minor varieties which had been left unclassified in Wang, Southeastern (Strecker's "Luodian Muyin") and Southwestern ("Wangmo"). *Central Mang: 70,000 speakers *Northern Mang: 35,000 *Western Mang: 14,000 *Southern Mang: 10,000 *Southeastern Mang: 4,000 *Southwestern Mang: 4,000 Demographics Below is a list of Miao dialects and their respective speaker populations and distributions from Li (2018), along with re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after India, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land across an area of nearly , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by land area. The country is divided into 33 Province-level divisions of China, province-level divisions: 22 provinces of China, provinces, 5 autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, 4 direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the country's capital, while Shanghai is List of cities in China by population, its most populous city by urban area and largest financial center. Considered one of six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wangmo County
Wangmo County () ( Bouyei: Weangzmox xianq) is a county in the southwest of Guizhou province, China, bordering Guangxi to the southeast. It is under the administration of the Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. Administrative divisions Wangmo County is divided into 4 subdistricts, 11 towns and 1 ethnic township: ;subdistricts *Wangmu Subdistrict 王母街道 *Pingdong Subdistrict 平洞街道 *Xintun Subdistrict 新屯街道 *Pantao Subdistrict 蟠桃街道 ;towns *Leyuan Town 乐元镇 *Dayi Town 打易镇 *Lewang Town 乐旺镇 *Sanglang Town 桑郎镇 *Mashan Town 麻山镇 *Shitun Town 石屯镇 *Jiaona Town 郊纳镇 *Zhexiang Town 蔗香镇 *Daguan Town 大观镇 *Bianrao Town 边饶镇 *Angwu Town 昂武镇 ;ethnic township *Youmai Yao Ethnic Township 油迈瑶族乡 Climate Wangmo recorded of rainfall in one hour, on 9 June 2011, the most rainfall in the county in 200 years. And on 20 June 2011, of rain fell in 3hrs in the county as part of significant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hmong Language
Hmong or Mong ( ; Romanized Popular Alphabet, RPA: , Chữ Hmông Việt, CHV: ''Hmôngz'', Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong, Nyiakeng Puachue: , Pahawh: , ) is a dialect continuum of the West Hmongic branch of the Hmongic languages spoken by the Hmong people of Southwestern China, northern Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos. There are an estimated 4.5 million speakers of varieties that are largely mutually intelligible, including over 280,000 Hmong Americans as of 2013. Over half of all Hmong speakers speak the various dialects in China, where the Dananshan dialect forms the basis of the standard language. However, Hmong Daw and Mong Leng are widely known only in Laos and the United States; Dananshan is more widely known in the native region of Hmong. Varieties Mong Leng () and Hmong Daw () are part of a dialect cluster known in China as (), called the "Chuanqiandian ''cluster''" in English (or "Miao cluster" in other languages) since West Hmongic is also called . The variety spoken from Sichu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Role And Reference Grammar
Role and reference grammar (RRG) is a model of grammar In linguistics, grammar is the set of rules for how a natural language is structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or writers. Grammar rules may concern the use of clauses, phrases, and words. The term may also refer to the study of such rul ... developed by William A. Foley and Robert Van Valin, Jr. in the 1980s, which incorporates many of the points of view of current functional grammar theories. In RRG, the description of a sentence in a particular language is formulated in terms of (a) its logical (semantic) structure and communicative functions, and (b) the grammatical procedures that are available in the language for the expression of these meanings. Among the main features of RRG are the use of lexical decomposition, based upon the predicate semantics of David Dowty (1979), an analysis of clause structure, and the use of a set of thematic roles organized into a hierarchy in which the highest-ranking role ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin ( ; zh, s=, t=, p=Guānhuà, l=Mandarin (bureaucrat), officials' speech) is the largest branch of the Sinitic languages. Mandarin varieties are spoken by 70 percent of all Chinese speakers over a large geographical area that stretches from Yunnan in the southwest to Xinjiang in the northwest and Heilongjiang in the northeast. Its spread is generally attributed to the greater ease of travel and communication in the North China Plain compared to the more mountainous south, combined with the relatively recent spread of Mandarin to frontier areas. Many varieties of Mandarin, such as Southwestern Mandarin, those of the Southwest (including Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese) and the Lower Yangtze Mandarin, Lower Yangtze, are not mutually intelligible with the Beijing dialect (or are only partially intelligible). Nevertheless, Mandarin as a group is often placed first in lists of languages by number of native speakers (with nearly one billion). Because Mandarin originated in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tone Sandhi
Tone sandhi is a phonological change that occurs in tonal languages. It involves changes to the tones assigned to individual words or morphemes, based on the pronunciation of adjacent words or morphemes. This change typically simplifies a bidirectional tone into a one-directional tone. Tone sandhi is a type of sandhi, which refers to fusional changes, and is derived from the Sanskrit word for "joining." Languages with tone sandhi Tone sandhi occurs to some extent in nearly all tonal languages, manifesting itself in different ways. Tonal languages, characterized by their use of pitch to affect meaning, appear all over the world, especially in the Niger-Congo language family of Africa, and the Sino-Tibetan language family of East Asia, as well as other East Asian languages such as Kra-Dai, and Papuan languages. East and Southeast Asian languages tend to have larger tonal libraries compared to African languages. However, African languages frequently exhibit downdrift and mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tone (linguistics)
Tone is the use of pitch (music), pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is, to distinguish or to inflection, inflect words. All oral languages use pitch to express emotional and other para-linguistic information and to convey emphasis, contrast and other such features in what is called intonation (linguistics), intonation, but not all languages use tones to distinguish words or their inflections, analogously to consonants and vowels. Languages that have this feature are called tonal languages; the distinctive tone patterns of such a language are sometimes called tonemes, by analogy with ''phoneme''. Tonal languages are common in East Asia, East and Southeast Asia, Africa, the Americas, and the Pacific islands, Pacific. Tonal languages are different from pitch-accent languages in that tonal languages can have each syllable with an independent tone whilst pitch-accent languages may have one syllable in a word or morpheme that is more prominent t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ziyun County
Ziyun Miao and Buyei Autonomous County (; Bouyei language, Bouyei: ) is a county in the southwest of Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Anshun. Administrative divisions Ziyun is divided into 3 subdistricts, 8 towns and 2 townships: ;subdistricts * Songshan, Guizhou, Songshan Subdistrict (松山街道) * Wufeng Subdistrict (五峰街道) * Yunling Subdistrict (云岭街道) ;towns * Getuhe Town (格凸河镇) * Houchang Town (猴场镇) * Maoying Town (猫营镇) * Bandang Town (板当镇) * Daying Town (大营镇) * Zongdi Town (宗地镇) * Bayang Town (坝羊镇) * Huohua Town (火花镇) ;township * Baishiyan Township (白石岩乡) * Sidazhai Township (四大寨乡) Climate References Counties of Guizhou Bouyei autonomous counties Miao autonomous counties Anshun {{Guizhou-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Changshun County
Changshun County () is a county of Guizhou, China. It is under the administration of the Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. Administrative divisions Changshun County is divided into 1 subdistrict, 5 towns and 1 township A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...: ;subdistrict *Changzhai 长寨街道 ;towns *Guangshun 广顺镇 *Baisuo 摆所镇 *Daihua 代化镇 *Baiyunshan 白云山镇 *Guyang 鼓扬镇 ;township *Duncao 敦操乡 Climate References Counties of Guizhou Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture {{Guizhou-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Commercial Press
The Commercial Press () is the first modern publishing organization in China. The Commercial Press is known for its academic publishing and translation work in humanities and social sciences, as well as the '' Xinhua Dictionary''. History In 1897, 26-year-old Xia Ruifang and three of his friends (including the Bao brothers Bao Xian'en and Bao Xianchang) founded The Commercial Press in Shanghai. All four were Protestant Christians who received their training at the American Presbyterian Mission Press. The group soon received financial backing and began publishing books such as Bibles. From 1903 to 1914, The Commercial Press operated as a joint venture with Kinkōdō, one of the largest Japanese textbook publishers. Through the joint venture, The Commercial Press obtained the latest printing technology as well as lantern slides and cinema. From 1903, Zhang Yuanji (张元济, 1867–1959), reacting to China's moves towards a new curriculum, created several textbook and tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luodian County
Luodian County () (Bouyei language: Lachos xianq) is a county under the administration of Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in the south of Guizhou province, China, bordering Guangxi to the south. The climate in the area is humid subtropical, with strong monsoon influences bringing heavy rain during the summer. Winters are dry due to the influence of the Siberian high-pressure system. The county seat and the largest town in the county is also named Luodian; it was formerly known as Longping. The county is frequented by both Chinese and foreign geologists, with the core area of work called Big Guizhoutan, or Big Guizhou Shoal. This has been called a "treasure land for Triassic Period research." Administrative divisions Luodian County is divided into 1 subdistrict, 8 towns and 1 township: ;subdistrict *Huxing 斛兴街道 ;towns *Longping 龙坪镇 *Bianyang 边阳镇 *Fengting 逢亭镇 *Moyang 沫阳镇 *Maojing 茂井镇 *Luokun 罗悃镇 *Hongshuihe 红水河镇 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guizhou
) , image_skyline = , image_caption = , image_map = Guizhou in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize = 275px , map_alt = Map showing the location of Guizhou Province , map_caption = Map showing the location of Guizhou Province , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = China , named_for = Gui - Gui Mountains ''zhou (political division), zhou'' (prefecture) , seat_type = Capital , seat = Guiyang , seat1_type = Largest city , seat1 = Zunyi , parts_type = Divisions , parts_style = para , p1 = 9 Prefectures of China, prefectures , p2 = 88 Counties of China, counties , p3 = 1539 Townships of China, townships , government_type = Provinces of China, Province , governing_body = Guizhou Provincial People's Congress , leader_title = Party Secretary of Guiz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
