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South African Police Decorations
An overview of South African police decorations and medals, which form part of the South African honours system. South African Police The South African Police was established in 1913 as a national police force. It had a secondary military role, which came to the fore in World War I and again in World War II. 1923-1963 The SAP was eligible for the British King's Police Medal, which was awarded annually throughout the British Empire. This was discontinued in 1933, because South Africa had become independent as a member of the new British Commonwealth, and it was replaced in 1937 by a special South African issue of the medal. From 1923, the SAP also had its own long service medal, which doubled as a medal for gallantry. The medals available to the SAP between 1923 and 1963 were thus: Decoration * Queen's Police Medal (South Africa) (1937–61) Campaign medal * Long service medal * Police Good Service Medal (192363) Until 1952, they were incorporated into the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini. It also completely enclaves the country Lesotho. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the second-most populous country located entirely south of the equator, after Tanzania. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with unique biomes, plant and animal life. With over 60 million people, the country is the world's 24th-most populous nation and covers an area of . South Africa has three capital cities, with the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government based in Pretoria, Bloemfontein, and Cape Town respectively. The largest city is Johannesburg. About 80% of the population are Black Sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Police Decorations And Medals Of South Africa
The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and the use of force legitimized by the state via the monopoly on violence. The term is most commonly associated with the police forces of a sovereign state that are authorized to exercise the police power of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. Police forces are often defined as being separate from the military and other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors; however, gendarmerie are military units charged with civil policing. Police forces are usually public sector services, funded through taxes. Law enforcement is only part of policing activity. Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, but the predominant ones are concerned with the pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South African Prisons Decorations
An overview of South African prisons service decorations and medals, which form part of the South African honours system. Prisons Department 1922-1968 The Prisons Department was established in 1911. It was a civil service department, with uniformed warders. In 1955, the department adopted military ranks, and in 1959 its uniformed branch was named the South African Prisons Service. The department had only one medal: * Long service medal ** Faithful Service Medal of the Prisons Department (192268). Until 1952, it was incorporated into the British honours system, as used in South Africa. Thereafter, it was part of the new South African honours system. South African Prisons Service (1968-1980) After South Africa became a republic (in 1961), the government established new decorations and medals for the various services. A series of three was instituted for the SA Prisons Service in 1968: Decorations * * Long service medal * Department of Correctional Services (19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South African Military Decorations
An overview of South African military decorations and medals, which form part of the South African honours system. Colonial forces 1894–1913 The colonial military forces received British military decorations in wartime. From 1894, the colonial governments awarded medals for distinguished conduct and for long service. This was the general practice in the British Empire at that time. The colonial medals were: * Decorations ** Volunteer Officers' Decoration (VD) (18941901) ** Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration (VD) (190013) ** Distinguished Conduct Medal (18941913) ** Distinguished Conduct Medal (Natal) 18941913) ** Distinguished Conduct Medal (Cape of Good Hope) (18941913) ** Distinguished Conduct Medal (Transvaal) (19021913) * Campaign medals ** Cape of Good Hope General Service Medal (1900) ** Natal Native Rebellion Medal (1907) * Long service medals ** Meritorious Service Medal (18451913) ** Meritorious Service Medal (Cape of Good Hope) (18961913) ** Meritoriou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South African Intelligence Service Decorations
An overview of South African intelligence service decorations and medals, which form part of the South African honours system. National Intelligence Service The National Intelligence Service was established in 1963 as Republican Intelligence, a branch of the South African Police. It became a separate service, the Bureau for State Security, in 1968, and was renamed the Directorate of National Security in 1979 and the National Intelligence Service in 1980. A series of decorations and medals was instituted for the NIS in 1981. It was enlarged in 1987 and 1990. * Decorations ** NIS Decoration for Distinguished Leadership (ED) (1981–94) ** NIS Cross for Valour (CV) (1981–94) ** NIS Decoration for Outstanding Leadership (OD) (1981–94) ** NIS Civil Decoration (1981–94) ** NIS Decoration (1981–94) ** NIS Medal for Distinguished Service (1981–94) ** NIS Civil Medal (1990–94) * Long service medal ** NIS Medal for Faithful Service (1981–94) The NIS was sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South African Civil Honours
South African orders, decorations and medals are those military and civilian orders, decorations and medals issued by the Government of South Africa. The following is a (non-exhaustive) list of these: Historical orders, decorations and medals Military Civilian Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, as a self-governing Dominion in the British Empire. A medal was issued to commemorate the event. As a Dominion, the Union came under the British honours system, and South Africans featured in the semi-annual British honours lists. South Africans also received British civilian decorations for bravery. The nationalist government stopped the conferment of titles and orders in 1925, and discontinued nominations for bravery awards after the Union's independence was recognised in 1931. It established its own bravery awards a few years later. The Union's civil honours thus consisted of: * Decoration ** King's/Queen's Medal for Bravery (1939–61) * Comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British And Commonwealth Orders And Decorations
This article concerns the orders and decorations of the Commonwealth realms awarded by the sovereign in right of each nation. Awards are listed by order of wear. Antigua and Barbuda * Order of the National Hero * Order of the Nation * Order of Merit * Order of Princely Heritage Australia * Order of Australia The Bahamas * The Order of National Hero * The Order of the Nation * The Order of The Bahamas * The Order of Excellence * The Order of Distinction * The Order of Merit * The Order of Lignum Vitae Belize *Order of the National Hero * Order of Belize *Order of Distinction Canada * Order of Canada * Order of Military Merit * Order of Merit of the Police Forces Grenada *Order of the National Hero *Order of Grenada Jamaica * Order of National Hero * Order of the Nation * Order of Excellence * Order of Merit * Order of Jamaica * Order of Distinction New Zealand * Order of New Zealand * New Zealand Order of Merit * Queen's Service Order Papua New Guinea *Order ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mmps08
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also known as matrix metallopeptidases or matrixins, are metalloproteinases that are calcium-dependent zinc-containing endopeptidases; other family members are adamalysins, serralysins, and astacins. The MMPs belong to a larger family of proteases known as the metzincin superfamily. Collectively, these enzymes are capable of degrading all kinds of extracellular matrix proteins, but also can process a number of bioactive molecules. They are known to be involved in the cleavage of cell surface receptors, the release of apoptotic ligands (such as the FAS ligand), and chemokine/cytokine inactivation. MMPs are also thought to play a major role in cell behaviors such as cell proliferation, migration (adhesion/dispersion), differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and host defense. They were first described in vertebrates (1962), including humans, but have since been found in invertebrates and plants. They are distinguished from other endopept ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SAPS Ten Year Commemoration Medal
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SAPS may refer to: Science and technology * SAPS II (Simplified Acute Physiology Score), a severity of disease classification system ** SAPS III (Simplified Acute Physiology Score), a system for predicting mortality * Stand-alone power system, where electrical power is generated and consumed off-grid * Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, a rating scale to measure positive symptoms in schizophrenia Other uses * South African Police Service, the national police force of the Republic of South Africa See also * SAP (other) * Sap (other) Sap is the fluid transported in xylem cells (tracheids or vessel elements) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant. Sap may also refer to: *Sap, a trench dug towards an enemy position during sapping *Sap, a baton weapon *Cell sap, the liquid ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South African Police Service Medal Ribbons Since 2004
South is one of the cardinal directions or compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both east and west. Etymology The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Proto-Germanic ''*sunþaz'' ("south"), possibly related to the same Proto-Indo-European root that the word ''sun'' derived from. Some languages describe south in the same way, from the fact that it is the direction of the sun at noon (in the Northern Hemisphere), like Latin meridies 'noon, south' (from medius 'middle' + dies 'day', cf English meridional), while others describe south as the right-hand side of the rising sun, like Biblical Hebrew תֵּימָן teiman 'south' from יָמִין yamin 'right', Aramaic תַּימנַא taymna from יָמִין yamin 'right' and Syriac ܬܰܝܡܢܳܐ taymna from ܝܰܡܝܺܢܳܐ yamina (hence the name of Yemen, the land to the south/right of the Levant). Navigation By convention, the ''bottom or down-facing side'' of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South African Police Service
The South African Police Service (SAPS) is the national police force of the Republic of South Africa. Its 1,154 police stations in South Africa are divided according to the provincial borders, and a Provincial Commissioner is appointed in each province. The nine Provincial Commissioners report directly to the National Commissioner. The head office is in the Wachthuis Building in Pretoria. The Constitution of South Africa lays down that the South African Police Service has a responsibility to prevent, combat and investigate crime, maintain public order, protect and secure the inhabitants of the Republic and their property, uphold and enforce the law, create a safe and secure environment for all people in South Africa, prevent anything that may threaten the safety or security of any community, investigate any crimes that threaten the safety or security of any community, ensure criminals are brought to justice and participate in efforts to address the causes of crime. Amnesty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
