|
Sophoreae
The tribe Sophoreae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae. Traditionally this tribe has been used as a wastebasket taxon to accommodate genera of Faboideae which exhibit actinomorphic, rather than zygomorphic floral symmetry and/or incompletely differentiated petals and free stamens. Various morphological and molecular analyses indicated that Sophoreae as traditionally circumscribed was polyphyletic. This led to a re-circumscription of Sophoreae, which resulted in the transfer of many genera to other tribes ( Amburaneae, Angylocalyceae, Baphieae, Camoensieae, the ''Cladrastis'' clade, Exostyleae, Leptolobieae, Ormosieae, Podalyrieae, and the Vataireoids). This also necessitated the inclusion of two former tribes, Euchresteae and Thermopsideae, in the new definition of Sophoreae. Tribe Sophoreae, as currently circumscribed, consistently forms a monophyletic clade in molecular phylogenetic analyses. The Sophoreae arose 40.8 ± 2.4 million years ago (in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faboideae
The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family. This subfamily is widely distributed, and members are adapted to a wide variety of environments. Faboideae may be trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants. Members include the pea, the sweet pea, the laburnum, and other legumes. The pea-shaped flowers are characteristic of the Faboideae subfamily and root nodulation is very common. Genera The type genus, ''Faba'', is a synonym of ''Vicia'', and is listed here as ''Vicia''. *'' Abrus'' *'' Acmispon'' *'' Acosmium'' *''Adenocarpus'' *''Adenodolichos'' *'' Adesmia'' *''Aenictophyton'' *'' Aeschynomene'' *''Afgekia'' *'' Aganope'' *''Airyantha'' *''Aldina'' *'' Alexa'' *'' Alhagi'' *''Alistilus'' *''Almaleea'' *''Alysicarpus'' *''Amburana'' *'' Amicia'' *''Ammodendron'' *''Ammopiptanthus'' *''Ammothamnus'' *''Am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ormosieae
The tribe Ormosieae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae, primarily found in tropical regions of the Americas, but also in southeast Asia and northern Australia. The members of this tribe were formerly included in tribe Sophoreae, but were recently circumscribed into a new tribe. The members of this tribe consistently form a monophyletic clade in molecular phylogenetic analyses. The tribe does not currently have a node-based definition, but morphological synapomorphies In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to hav ... have been tentatively identified: "mostly dehiscent pods with woody valves" and "tufts of minute colleter-like glands in the axils of bract and bracteoles". Like other genistoids, members of tribe Ormosieae are known to produce quinolizidine a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baphieae
The tribe Baphieae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae. The Baphieae tribe arose 55.3 ± 0.4 million years ago (in the early Eocene). Genera The Baphieae tribe has been circumscribed to include the following genera, which used to be placed in tribes Sophoreae and Swartzieae: * ''Airyantha'' Brummitt * '' Baphia'' Afzel. ex Lodd. ''et al''. * ''Baphiastrum'' Harms * ''Baphiopsis'' Benth. ex Baker * ''Bowringia'' Champ. ex Benth. * ''Dalhousiea'' Wall. ex Benth. * ''Leucomphalos'' Benth. ex Planch. This clade does not currently have a node-based, phylogenetic definition. Members of the Baphieae exhibit the following synapomorphies: …free stamens and poorly differentiated lower petals, or flowers sometimes appearing radially symmetrical,…simple or unifoliolate leaves, anther The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vataireoids
The vataireoids are an early-branching monophyletic clade of the flowering plant subfamily Faboideae (or Papilionaceae) that are mostly found in northern South America, primarily Brazil. Description This clade is composed of four genera, two of which were traditionally assigned to the tribe Dalbergieae (''Vatairea'' and ''Vataireopsis'') and two of which were traditionally assigned to the tribe Sophoreae (''Luetzelburgia'' and ''Sweetia''), mainly on the basis of flower morphology. However, recent molecular phylogenetic analyses circumscribed these four genera into a strongly supported monophyletic clade. The name of this clade is informal and is not assumed to have any particular taxonomic rank like the names authorized by the ICBN or the ICPN. The clade is defined as:"The most inclusive crown clade containing '' Sweetia fruticosa'' Spreng. 1825 and '' Vatairea guianensis'' Aubl. but not ''Andira inermis ''Andira inermis'' is a nitrogen-fixing tree native to the area fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptolobieae
Leptolobieae is a Neotropical, early-branching monophyletic clade of the flowering plant subfamily Faboideae or Papilionaceae that are mostly found in South America. Description This tribe is composed of five genera, two of which were originally included in the genus '' Acosmium'' ('' Guianodendron'' and '' Leptolobium'') and one of which was originally assigned to the genus '' Diplotropis'' ('' Staminodianthus''). All of these genera were traditionally included in the tribe Sophoreae. However, recent molecular phylogenetic analyses resolved these five genera into a strongly-supported monophyletic clade, which warranted the reinstatement of the tribe Leptolobieae. A potential morphological synapomorphy In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to hav ... for the tribe is: "tufts of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladrastis Clade
The ''Cladrastis'' clade is a monophyletic clade of the flowering plant subfamily Faboideae (or Papilionaceae) that is found in eastern Asia and southern North America. It is consistently resolved in molecular phylogenies and is sister to the Meso-Papilionoideae. Evidence for the existence of this clade was first proposed based on morphological (floral), cytological, and biochemical evidence. It is predicted to have diverged from the other legume lineages 47.4±2.6 million years ago (in the Eocene). Description This clade is composed of three genera: '' Cladrastis'', the monotypic '' Pickeringia'', and ''Styphnolobium''. Fossils of species of ''Cladrastis'' and ''Styphnolobium'' have been discovered. The name of this clade is informal and is not assumed to have any particular taxonomic rank like the names authorized by the ICBN or the ICPN. The clade is defined as:"The most inclusive crown clade containing '' Cladrastis kentukea'' (Dum. Cours.) Rudd 1971 but not ''Dermatophyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camoensieae
''Camoensia'' is a genus of 2 species of lianas in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, native to the Gulf of Guinea, Africa. ''C. scandens'' is cultivated as an ornamental plant; it has one of the largest leguminous flowers, up to 20 cm across. The genus has classically been assigned to the tribe Sophoreae, but was recently assigned to its own monophyletic tribe, Camoensieae, on the basis of molecular phylogenetic evidence. Species of ''Camoensia'' are known to produce quinolizidine alkaloids, consistent with their placement in the genistoid clade. Gallery File:363 of 'Expedição Portugueza ao Muata-Ianvo. Os climas e as Producções das terras de Malange á Lunda, etc. pt. I' (11200976764).jpg, Colour plate depicting Camoensia sp. File:American breeders magazine (1913) (17497773833).jpg, Black and white image of C. scandens (syn. C. maxima) File:Die Gartenlaube (1883) b 730.jpg, Botanical line drawing from Die Gartenlaube ''Die Gartenlaube – Illustriertes Fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angylocalyceae
The tribe Angylocalyceae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae. It has been circumscribed to include the following genera, which had been placed in tribe Sophoreae: * ''Alexa'' Moq. * '' Angylocalyx'' Taub. * ''Castanospermum'' A.Cunn. ex Hook. * '' Uleanthus'' Harms * '' Xanthocercis'' Baill. This tribe does not currently have a node-based, phylogenetic definition, but it can be distinguished by the following morphological synapomorphy: "an ornithophilous floral syndrome in which the calyx and hypanthium are enlarged, the petals thickened and often red or orange, the standard often distinctly large, the lower petals undifferentiated or sometimes highly reduced, and the stamens and gynoecium exserted." Also, members of this tribe accumulate iminosugar An iminosugar, also known as an iminosaccharide, is any analog of a sugar where a nitrogen atom has replaced the oxygen atom in the ring of the structure. Iminosugars are common components of plants and may be r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amburaneae
The tribe Amburaneae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae. It has been circumscribed to include the following genera, which used to be placed in tribes Sophoreae and Swartzieae: * ''Amburana'' Schwacke & Taub. * ''Cordyla'' Lour. * '' Dupuya'' J. H. Kirkbr. * '' Dussia'' Krug & Urb. ex Taub. * '' Mildbraediodendron'' Harms * ''Myrocarpus'' Allemão * '' Myrospermum'' Jacq. * '' Myroxylon'' L.f. * ''Petaladenium'' Ducke This clade does not currently have a node-based, phylogenetic definition. It also lacks a clear morphological synapomorphy In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to hav ..., however, members of the Amburaneae, as well as species found in its sister group, Dipterygeae, are known to produce a variety of resins (balsams, coumarins, etc.). Reference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophora Tetraptera
''Sophora tetraptera'', commonly known as large-leaved kōwhai, grows naturally only in the central east of the North Island in New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 List of islands of New Zealand, smaller islands. It is the .... ''S. tetraptera'' has larger more widely spaced leaves than the other seven species of kōwhai. Etymology The generic name, ''Sophora'' derives from the Arabic, ''sophora'' (any tree with pea-flowers), and the specific epithet, ''tetraptera'', comes from the Greek (four-winged) and refers to the fruits. References External links''Sophora tetraptera'' (Friends of Te Henui) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exostyleae
The tribe Exostyleae is an early-branching monophyletic clade of the flowering plant subfamily Faboideae (or Papilionaceae) that are mostly found in Neotropical rainforests. Description This clade is composed of 6 genera, most of which were traditionally assigned to the tribe Swartzieae. However, recent molecular phylogenetic analyses circumscribed these six genera into a strongly supported monophyletic clade. Synapomorphic traits that unite the members of this clade include non-papilionate flowers, "serrate and sometimes spinescent leaflet or leaf margins, standard position variable in the floral bud, basifixed anthers, and drupaceous fruits". They are also united by wood anatomy, sharing an "uncommon presence of crystals in ray cells", and floral ontogeny Ontogeny (also ontogenesis) is the origination and development of an organism (both physical and psychological, e.g., moral development), usually from the time of fertilization of the egg to adult. The term can also be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned more with ecology than with syst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
