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Sonmiani Flight Test Range
The Flight Test Range (FTR) at Sonmiani Beach is a rocket launch site in Balochistan, approximately west of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. The facility is operated by the Space Research Commission since 1961, initially focusing on supporting civilian space program involving the launch of sounding rockets but its present mission has now been moved towards military programs.Dinshaw, Mistry, Containing Missile Proliferation: Strategic Technology, Security Regimes, and International Cooperation in Arms Control (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2003), p. 118 History Initially established at Sonmiani Rocket Range in 1961, the Sonmiani Flight Test Range is the only rocket launch facility operated by the Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission. It was the crucial contribution from the American National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that established the facility in 1961 with Suparco launching the Rehbar-I program that consisted of a Nike-Cajun combination on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Space And Upper Atmosphere Research Commission
The Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission, commonly referred to as SUPARCO, is the national space agency of Pakistan. The agency, originally established in 1961 as a committee in Karachi, became an independent commission in 1981. Its initial objective was to learn rocketry and high altitude research from the United States, which ultimately led to the development of a national satellite program. This culminated in the successful launch of Pakistan's first satellite from China in 1990. The agency was also an early participant in the rocket development program launched by the Ministry of Defence of Pakistan. The agency leads the National Space Program (NSP) and maintains the orbital operations of its satellites with support facilities throughout the country. SUPARCO also serves as the secretariat for Pakistan Space Activities Regulatory Board (PSARB) which was established in February 2024 under the National Command Authority to regulate all space-related activitie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Space Center
Below is a list of space facilities by country. Algeria * Algerian Space Agency Brazil * Alcântara Space Center * Barreira do Inferno Launch Center * Space Operations Center Belgium * Liege Space Center * Euro Space Center Canada * John H. Chapman Space Centre * Telus World of Science, Edmonton Germany * European Space Operations Centre * German Space Operations Center * Hubble European Space Agency Information Centre * European Astronaut Centre France * Toulouse Space Centre * Guiana Space Centre * Cannes Mandelieu Space Center India * Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre * Space Applications Centre * Satish Dhawan Space Centre * U R Rao Satellite Center * ISRO Propulsion Complex Italy * Broglio Space Center Japan * Uchinoura Space Center * Tanegashima Space Center South Korea * Naro Space Center * Rokaf HQ Space Center Netherlands * European Space Research and Technology Centre Norway * Andøya Space Center * Norwegian Space Centre Philippines * Mabuhaysat Subic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Installations In Balochistan, Pakistan
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a distinct military uniform. They may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of a military is usually defined as defence of their state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms "armed forces" and "military" are often synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include other paramilitary forces such as armed police. Beyond warfare, the military may be employed in additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within the state, including internal security threats, crowd control, promotion of political agendas, emergency services and reconstruction, pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1962 Establishments In Pakistan
Year 196 ( CXCVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Dexter and Messalla (or, less frequently, year 949 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 196 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus attempts to assassinate Clodius Albinus but fails, causing Albinus to retaliate militarily. * Emperor Septimius Severus captures and sacks Byzantium; the city is rebuilt and regains its previous prosperity. * In order to assure the support of the Roman legion in Germany on his march to Rome, Clodius Albinus is declared Augustus by his army while crossing Gaul. * Hadrian's wall in Britain is partially destroyed. China * First year of the Jian'an Era, during the reign of the Xian Emperor of the Han. * The Xian Emperor returns to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SUPARCO Facilities
The Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission, commonly referred to as SUPARCO, is the national space agency of Pakistan. The agency, originally established in 1961 as a committee in Karachi, became an independent commission in 1981. Its initial objective was to learn rocketry and high altitude research from the United States, which ultimately led to the development of a national satellite program. This culminated in the successful launch of Pakistan's first satellite from China in 1990. The agency was also an early participant in the rocket development program launched by the Ministry of Defence of Pakistan. The agency leads the National Space Program (NSP) and maintains the orbital operations of its satellites with support facilities throughout the country. SUPARCO also serves as the secretariat for Pakistan Space Activities Regulatory Board (PSARB) which was established in February 2024 under the National Command Authority to regulate all space-related activities in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rocket Launch Sites In Pakistan
A rocket (from , and so named for its shape) is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using any surrounding air. A rocket engine produces thrust by reaction to exhaust expelled at high speed. Rocket engines work entirely from propellant carried within the vehicle; therefore a rocket can fly in the vacuum of space. Rockets work more efficiently in a vacuum and incur a loss of thrust due to the opposing pressure of the atmosphere. Multistage rockets are capable of attaining escape velocity from Earth and therefore can achieve unlimited maximum altitude. Compared with airbreathing engines, rockets are lightweight and powerful and capable of generating large accelerations. To control their flight, rockets rely on momentum, airfoils, auxiliary reaction engines, gimballed thrust, momentum wheels, deflection of the exhaust stream, propellant flow, spin, or gravity. Rockets for military and recreational uses date back to at least 13th-century China. Significa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Space Programme Of Pakistan
The Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission, commonly referred to as SUPARCO, is the national space agency of Pakistan. The agency, originally established in 1961 as a committee in Karachi, became an independent commission in 1981. Its initial objective was to learn rocketry and high altitude research from the United States, which ultimately led to the development of a national satellite program. This culminated in the successful launch of Pakistan's first satellite from China in 1990. The agency was also an early participant in the rocket development program launched by the Ministry of Defence of Pakistan. The agency leads the National Space Program (NSP) and maintains the orbital operations of its satellites with support facilities throughout the country. SUPARCO also serves as the secretariat for Pakistan Space Activities Regulatory Board (PSARB) which was established in February 2024 under the National Command Authority to regulate all space-related activities i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science And Technology In Pakistan
Science and technology have been pivotal in Pakistan's development since its inception. The country boasts a large pool of scientists, engineers, doctors, and technicians actively contributing to these fields. Liaquat Ali Khan, Pakistan's first Prime Minister, initiated reforms to improve higher education and scientific research. However, significant growth in science occurred after the establishment of the Higher Education Commission in 2002, which supported science initiatives and sponsored the Pakistan Academy of Sciences. Pakistan has made significant contributions in various scientific fields, with chemistry being particularly strong. The International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences is a leading institution in this area, offering one of the largest postgraduate research programs in the country. Other notable fields include physics, material science, metallurgy, biology, and mathematics. Pakistani scientists have achieved international acclaim in mathematics and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mashhood Test Firing Range
Mashhood Test Firing Range (MTFR) at Tilla Jogian is a military testing area and firing range located approximately west of Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan. It was used by the Khan Research Laboratories (KRL) as a primary testbed for initial phase of its Ghauri program and now serves as the primary weapon test site for the Pakistan Army. Location Tilla is an eastward continuation of the Salt Range in Jhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan, 3,242 feet above the sea. From the Bunha torrent the range rises rapidly to the culminating peak of Tilla Jogian and thence sinks as rapidly, but a series of low parallel ridges runs out across the valley of the Kahan. During British Rule, the hill was sometimes used as a summer resort by officers of Jhelum District. A famous monastery of Jogi fakirs is situated here. Current operations The test range is known as ''Tilla Test Firing Range'' according to Pakistan Army sources. Pakistan Army conducts exercises at the Tilla Firing Range to check the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaheen-II
The Shaheen-II (Urdu:شاهين–اا; Military designation: Hatf-VI, ''Trans'': ''Target-6''), is a land-based medium-range ballistic missile currently in deployed in military service with the strategic command of the Pakistan Army. Designed and developed by the National Engineering & Scientific Commission, ''Shaheen-II'' is a capable of nuclear weapons-delivery at vast range, and it is described as "highly capable missile which fully meets Pakistan's strategic needs towards maintenance of desired deterrence stability in the region" by the Pakistani military. The National Air and Space Intelligence Center of the United States Air Force estimates that "as of 2017 fewer than 50 ''Shaheen-II'' were operationally deployed. Description Development and design of the ''Shaheen-II'' influenced from Pakistan's need for attaining surface-based second strike capability in a case of Pakistani military facing the Indian Army in an event of large-scale conventional war. Since 2000, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hatf-IV Shaheen
The Shaheen-I (; Military designation: Hatf–IV, Translit.: ''Target-4''), is a land-based short-range ballistic missile designed and developed by the National Defence Complex and National Engineering & Science Commission. The system is currently deployed in military service with strategic commands of the Pakistan Army as''Hatf-IV, and it is dedicated and named after a species of Falcon found in the mountain ranges of Pakistan. Description Codename The JS HQ officially adopted the codename of the missile as "Hatf–IV. It has been reported that it was Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif who suggested the name "Shaheen" by taking a cue from philosopher Iqbal's poetic symbol Shaheen ''Falcon''. After being test fired in 1999, JS HQ officially codenamed the missile as "Hatf–IV Shaheen. Though its variants are now known as Shaheen-I and Shaheen-IA. Shaheen 1 The ''Shaheen-I'' is a nuclear weapons-delivery capable and short-range ballistic missile with a range of ; it is pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
