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Sonderkommando Revolt In Auschwitz
The ''Sonderkommando'' revolt in Auschwitz occurred on 7 October 1944, when a large group of ''Sonderkommando'' members in the crematoria area of Auschwitz concentration camp, Birkenau camp (also known as Auschwitz II) rebelled against the Nazism, Nazi guards of the camp. The revolt was suppressed after Crematorium IV was blown up, killing three German guards and 452 members of the Sonderkommando. Background The Birkenau camp (Auschwitz II) was the largest extermination facility built by the Nazis during World War II, where over a million people (mostly Jews) were murdered. The construction of the camp was completed in March 1942 and covered an area of about 5 km2, enclosed by a four-meter high fence.Nathan Cohen, "Diaries of the Sonderkommando – Confronting Fate and Reality," Yad Vashem – Research Studies Collection, 1990, pp. 189–218. Immediately after the construction was completed, the mass murder process began. Each day, 2,000 people were exterminated in two gas chamb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auschwitz Resistance 280 Cropped
Auschwitz, or Oświęcim, was a complex of over 40 Nazi concentration camps, concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany, occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It consisted of #Auschwitz I, Auschwitz I, the main camp (''Stammlager'') in Oświęcim; #Auschwitz II-Birkenau, Auschwitz II-Birkenau, a concentration and extermination camp with gas chambers, #Auschwitz III, Auschwitz III-Monowitz, a Arbeitslager, labour camp for the chemical conglomerate IG Farben, and List of subcamps of Auschwitz, dozens of subcamps. The camps became a major site of the Nazis' final solution, Final Solution to the Jewish question. After Germany Causes of World War II#Invasion of Poland, initiated World War II by Invasion of Poland, invading Poland in September 1939, the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) converted Auschwitz I, an army barracks, into a prisoner-of-war camp. The initial transpo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zalman Gradowski
Zalman Gradowski or Chaim Zalman Gradowski (1910 – 7 October 1944) originally from Suwałki, was a Polish Jewish prisoner of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp during the Holocaust in occupied Poland, who kept a secret diary. On November 2, 1942, he was deported, as were all Jews then living in Lunna, as well as neighboring towns, to the Kielbasin (Kolbasino) transit camp (Transitlager or Sammellager). On December 5, he and all his Jewish townsfolk (numbering approximately 1,500) were forcibly marched from the Kielbasin transit camp to Lososno, Poland, where they boarded a train bound for, as he later discovered, Auschwitz. The train arrived in Auschwitz-Birkenau on the morning of December 8. After "selection" at Auschwitz-Birkenau, his family members as well as all women and children, and most of the men who were on the transport, were immediately sent to the gas chamber and murdered. Shortly afterward, Gradowski and several others from the transport who survived th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Son Of Saul
''Son of Saul'' () is a 2015 Hungarian historical drama film directed by László Nemes, in his feature directorial debut, and co-written by Nemes and Clara Royer. It is set in the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II, and follows a day-and-a-half in the life of Saul Ausländer (played by Géza Röhrig), a Hungarian member of the '' Sonderkommando''. The film premiered at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix, and was later screened in the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. The film won the award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards. It is the ninth Hungarian film to be nominated for the award, and the first since István Szabó's '' Hanussen'' in 1988. It is the second Hungarian film to win the award, the first being Szabó's '' Mephisto'' in 1981. It also won the Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film, becoming the first Hungarian film to win the award. Plot In Oct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Grey Zone
''The Grey Zone'' is a 2001 American historical tragedy film written and directed by Tim Blake Nelson and starring David Arquette, Steve Buscemi, Harvey Keitel, Mira Sorvino, and Daniel Benzali. It is based on the book ''Auschwitz: A Doctor's Eyewitness Account'' written by Dr. Miklós Nyiszli. The title comes from a chapter in the book '' The Drowned and the Saved'' by Holocaust survivor Primo Levi. The film tells the story of the Jewish ''Sonderkommando'' XII in Auschwitz in October 1944. These prisoners were made to assist the camp's guards in shepherding their victims to the gas chambers and then disposing of their bodies in the ovens. Plot In October 1944, in the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp, a small group of ''Sonderkommando''—prisoners assigned to dispose of the bodies of other dead prisoners—are plotting an insurrection that they hope will destroy at least one of the camp's four crematoria and gas chambers. They are receiving firearms from Polish citiz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tim Blake Nelson
Timothy Blake Nelson (born May 11, 1964) is an American actor, writer, and director. Described as a "modern character actor", his roles include Delmar O'Donnell in ''O Brother, Where Art Thou?'' (2000), Gideon in ''Minority Report (film), Minority Report'' (2002), Doctor Steve Pendanski in ''Holes (film), Holes'' (2003), Doctor Jonathan Jacobo in ''Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed'' (2004), Danny Dalton Jr. in ''Syriana'' (2005), Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe: M–Z#Samuel Sterns, Samuel Sterns / The Leader in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, Richard Schell in ''Lincoln (film), Lincoln'' (2012), the eponymous character of ''The Ballad of Buster Scruggs'' (2018) and Henry McCarty in ''Old Henry'' (2021). He portrayed Wade Tillman / Looking Glass in the HBO limited series ''Watchmen (TV series), Watchmen'' (2019), for which he received a 10th Critics' Choice Television Awards, Critics' Choice Television Awards nomination for Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filip Müller
Filip Müller (3 January 1922 – 9 November 2013) was a Jewish Slovak Holocaust survivor and a member of the ''Sonderkommando'' at Auschwitz, the largest Nazi German concentration camp during World War II, where he witnessed the murders of tens of thousands of people. Auschwitz Müller was born in Sereď in the Czechoslovak Republic. In April 1942, he was sent on one of the earliest Holocaust transports to Auschwitz II, where he was given prisoner number 29236. Müller was assigned to the ''Sonderkommando'' that worked on the construction of crematoria and the installation of the gas chambers. Once the crematoria were completed, Müller was assigned to a ''Sonderkommando'' unit tasked with operating the killing facilities; his performing this role, he believed, was the only reason the Germans kept him alive. Müller's unit would meet new arrivals of men, women, and children at the undressing area just outside the gas chambers, in the basement of the crematoria. He testifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shoah (film)
''Shoah'' is a 1985 French documentary film about the Holocaust (known as "Shoah" in Hebrew since the 1940sFor the term ''Shoah'' and Lanzmann's decision to use it, see Stuart Liebman, "Introduction", in Stuart Liebman (ed.), ''Claude Lanzmann's Shoah: Key Essays'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007, 7.), directed by Claude Lanzmann. Over nine hours long and eleven years in the making, the film presents Lanzmann's interviews with survivors, witnesses and perpetrators during visits to Holocaust in Poland, German Holocaust sites across Poland, including extermination camps.J. Hoberman, "Shoah: The Being of Nothingness", in Jonathan Kahana (ed.), ''The Documentary Film Reader: History, Theory, Criticism'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016, 776–783. Also see Claude Lanzmann with Marc Chevrie and Hervé le Roux, "Site and Speech: An Interview with Claude Lanzmann about ''Shoah''", in Kahana (ed.) 2016, 784–793. Released in Paris in April 1985, ''Shoah'' won critical acclai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude Lanzmann
Claude Lanzmann (; 27 November 1925 – 5 July 2018) was a French filmmaker, best known for the Holocaust documentary film ''Shoah'' (1985), which consists of nine and a half hours of oral testimony from Holocaust survivors, without historical footage. He is also known for his 2017 documentary film ''Napalm'', about a love affair he had with a North Korean nurse whilst visiting North Korea in 1958, several years after the Korean War. In addition to filmmaking, Lanzmann had also been the chief editor of '' Les Temps Modernes'', a French literary magazine. Early life Lanzmann was born on 27 November 1925 in Bois-Colombes, Hauts-de-Seine département in France, the son of Paulette () and Armand Lanzmann. His family was Jewish, and had immigrated to France from the Russian Empire. He was the brother of writer Jacques Lanzmann. Lanzmann attended the in Clermont-Ferrand. While his family disguised their identity and went into hiding during World War II, he joined the French resistan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
We Wept Without Tears
''We Wept Without Tears: Testimonies of the Jewish Sonderkommando from Auschwitz'', is a book by Gideon Greif. First published in Hebrew in 1999, the work was translated into English in 2005. Greif's book based on a series of interviews with surviving members of ''Sonderkommando'' - Jewish prisoners who survived by working in the German death camps. The writer, Gideon Greif, is a researcher at Yad Vashem (יד ושם), Israel, the principal institution in the world studying the history of the Holocaust. He had also served as a visiting professor at The Sue and Leonard Miller Center for Contemporary Judaic Studies, the University of Miami. The ''Sonderkommando'', who were work units of Nazi death camp prisoners forced to aid the killing process at Auschwitz and Birkenau camps, consisted mainly of Jewish prisoners. The book is based on interviews with survivors of units of the ''Sonderkommando''. A note by the publishers states: "The book provides direct testimony about the 'Final S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sonderkommando
''Sonderkommandos'' (, ) were Extermination through labor, work units made up of Nazi Germany, German Nazi death camp prisoners. They were composed of prisoners, usually Jews, who were forced, on threat of their own deaths, to aid with the disposal of gas chamber victims during the Holocaust. The death-camp ''Sonderkommandos'', who were always inmates, were unrelated to the ''SS-Sonderkommandos'', which were ''ad hoc'' units formed from members of various SS offices between 1938 and 1945. The German term was part of the vague and euphemism, euphemistic language which the Nazis used to refer to aspects of the Final Solution (e.g., ''Einsatzkommando'', "deployment units"). Death factory workers ''Sonderkommando'' members did not participate directly in killing; that responsibility was reserved for the SS, while the ''Sonderkommandos'' primary duty was disposing of the corpses. In most cases, they were inducted immediately upon arrival at the camp and forced into the position ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gideon Greif
Gideon Greif (; born 16 March 1951) is an Israeli historian who specializes in the history of the Holocaust, especially the history of the Auschwitz concentration camp and particularly the Sonderkommando in Auschwitz. He served as a visiting lecturer for Jewish and Israeli History at the Schusterman Center for Jewish Studies at the University of Texas at Austin during the academic year 2011–2012. He headed a commission that issued a report in July 2021 that denied that the killing of Bosnian Muslims at and around Srebrenica in July 1995 constituted genocide. Education From 1965 until 1969 Gideon Greif attended Municipal High School (Gymnasium) in Tel Aviv. Later, from 1974 to 1976 he attended Tel Aviv University where he received his bachelor's degree in Jewish history, studying the history of the land of Israel. Between 1976 and 1982 he did his master's degree in Jewish History at Tel Aviv University. From 1996 until 2001 he studied at the University of Vienna from which he w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
