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Sonderbundskrieg
The Sonderbund War (, , ) of November 1847 was a civil war in Switzerland, then still a relatively loose confederacy of cantons. It ensued after seven Catholic cantons formed the ("separate alliance") in 1845 to protect their interests against a centralization of power. The war concluded with the defeat of the Sonderbund. It resulted in the emergence of Switzerland as a federal state, concluding the period of political "restoration and regeneration" in Switzerland. The Sonderbund consisted of the cantons of Lucerne, Fribourg, Valais, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden and Zug, all predominantly Catholic and governed by conservative administrations. The cantons of Ticino and Solothurn, also predominantly Catholic but governed by liberal administrations, did not join the alliance. After the (Federal Diet) declared the Sonderbund unconstitutional (October 1847) and ordered it dissolved by force, General Guillaume Henri Dufour led the federal army of 100,000 and defeated the Sonderbund ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Swiss Alps, Alps and the Jura Mountains, Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's Demographics of Switzerland, 9 million people are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts List of cities in Switzerland, its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Lausanne. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of Cantons of Switzerland, 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern. It has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh language, Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Switzerland As A Federal State
The rise of Switzerland as a federal state began on 12 September 1848, with the creation of a federal constitution in response to a 27-day civil war, the ''Sonderbundskrieg''. The constitution, which was heavily influenced by the United States Constitution and the ideas of the French Revolution, was modified several times during the following decades and wholly replaced in 1999. The 1848 constitution represented the first time, other than when the short-lived Helvetic Republic had been imposed, that the Swiss had a central government instead of being simply a collection of autonomous cantons bound by treaties. Sonderbund War In 1847, the period of Swiss history known as Restoration ended with a war between the conservative Roman Catholic and the liberal Protestant cantons (the ''Sonderbundskrieg''). The conflict between the Catholic and Protestant cantons had existed since the Reformation; in the 19th century the Protestant population had a majority. The ''Sonderbund'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gisikon
Gisikon is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. History Gisikon is first mentioned around 1270 as ''Gisinkon''. In the 19th century, especially referring to the battle that occurred on 23 November 1847 during the Sonderbund War or sometimes the battle of 5 June 1653 during the Swiss peasant war of 1653, the town was often (erroneously) called ''Gislikon''.''Der Bauernkrieg im Jahr 1653, oder der grosse Volksaufstand in der Schweiz''(1831), p. 292, 294, 313, 314, 366, 368, 369. Geography Gisikon has an area of . Of this area, 50% is used for agricultural purposes, while 20% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 24.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (5.5%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). , 19.82% of the total land area was forested. Of the agricultural land, 46.85% is used for farming or pastures, while 2.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the settled areas, 13.51% is covered with build ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E-Periodica
The ETH Library, serving as the central university library at ETH Zurich, has a notable collection of scientific and technical information. It is considered one of the largest public scientific and technical libraries in Switzerland. Furthermore, it also offers resources for the public and companies in research and development. Particular emphasis is placed on electronic information for university members and the development of innovative services. Collection focuses ETH Library collects media from the following fields: *Architecture *Building science, Building sciences *Engineering *Natural sciences and mathematics *System-oriented natural sciences *Management and social sciences Special Libraries ETH Library's four special library, special libraries are responsible for supplying subject-specific literature to the corresponding departments and institutes at ETH Zurich. Their holdings are also generally available to the interested public. The special libraries include: *Arc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religion Map Of Switzerland In 1800 - En
Religion is a range of social-cultural systems, including designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural, transcendental, and spiritual elements—although there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion. It is an essentially contested concept. Different religions may or may not contain various elements ranging from the divine, sacredness, faith,Tillich, P. (1957) ''Dynamics of faith''. Harper Perennial; (p. 1). and a supernatural being or beings. The origin of religious belief is an open question, with possible explanations including awareness of individual death, a sense of community, and dreams. Religions have sacred histories, narratives, and mythologies, preserved in oral traditions, sacred texts, symbols, and holy places, that may attempt to explain the origin of life, the universe, and other phenomena. Religious pra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schüpfheim
Schüpfheim is a municipality in the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. It is part of the UNESCO Entlebuch Biosphere Reserve since 2001. Geography Schüpfheim has an area of . Of this area, 59.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 33.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 5.3% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (1.9%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). , 32.82% of the total land area was forested. Of the agricultural land, 59.3% is used for farming or pastures, while 0.68% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the settled areas, 2.61% is covered with buildings, 0.37% is industrial, 0.26% is classed as special developments, 0.21% is parks or greenbelts and 1.88% is transportation infrastructure. Of the unproductive areas, 0.55% is unproductive flowing water (rivers) and 1.33% is other unproductive land. Demographics Schüpfheim has a population (as of ) of . , 3.6% of the population was made up of forei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meierskappel
Meierskappel is a municipality in the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. History Meierskappel is first mentioned in 1160 as ''Cappell''. Geography Meierskappel has an area of . Of this area, 66.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 25.2% is forested. The rest of the land, (8.7%) is settled. , 25.19% of the total land area was forested. Of the agricultural land, 60.15% is used for farming or pastures, while 5.93% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the settled areas, 5.78% is covered with buildings, 0.74% is industrial, 0.15% is classed as special developments, 0.15% is parks or greenbelts and 1.93% is transportation infrastructure. The municipality is located on the south east slope of the ''Rooterberg'' mountain and stretches to Lake Zug. Demographics Meierskappel has a population (as of ) of . , 12.5% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 19.3%. Most of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucerne
Lucerne ( ) or Luzern ()Other languages: ; ; ; . is a city in central Switzerland, in the Languages of Switzerland, German-speaking portion of the country. Lucerne is the capital of the canton of Lucerne and part of the Lucerne (district), district of the same name. With a population of approximately 82,000 people, Lucerne is List of cities in Switzerland, the most populous city in Central Switzerland, and a nexus of economics, transport, culture, and media in the region. The city's urban area consists of 19 municipalities and towns with an overall population of about 220,000 people. Owing to its location on the shores of Lake Lucerne () and its outflow, the river Reuss (river), Reuss, within sight of the mounts Pilatus (mountain), Pilatus and Rigi in the Swiss Alps, Lucerne has long been a destination for tourists. One of the city's landmarks is the Chapel Bridge (), a wooden bridge first erected in the 14th century. The official language of Lucerne is German language, Germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lunnern
Obfelden (Swiss German: ''Obfälde'') is a municipality in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. History Politically, Obfelden is the youngest municipality in Affoltern, though settlements in the area date back to the Alemannic-Franconian period in the 5th century AD. Early activity coalesced around five hamlets: Bickwil (first mentioned in 1246 as ''Bickewilare''), Oberlunnern and Unterlunnern (1257 ''Lundenerun'' and ''Lunderun inferioris''), Wolsen (1311 ''Wolunsun''), and Toussen (1325 ''Thunsen''). These five hamlets were known collectively as being ''ob dem Feld'' ("over the field") from neighbouring Ottenbach; most fell under the jurisdiction of Maschwanden, although Toussen and part of Unterlunnern came under the Zürich Freiamt. Both of these areas were merged into Knonau (today's Affoltern district) in the sixteenth century, when the hamlets of Obfelden became a part of the nearby parish of Ottenbach. In the nineteenth century, local au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geltwil
Geltwil is a Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the district of Muri (district), Muri in the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Aargau in Switzerland. History The earliest trace of human settlement near Geltwil is a Switzerland in the Roman era, Roman era villa. The modern municipality of Geltwil is first mentioned in 1160 as ''Geltwile''. The history of Geltwil was always closely connected with Muri Abbey. In the 13th century the main part of the land was given by House of Habsburg, Habsburgs to the abbey. Even after the conquest of the Aargau in 1415 the village belonged the Muri district. Geltwil is also part of the Muri parish. Between 1798 and 1803, Geltwil, Isenbergschwil and Winterschwil formed a collective community. In 1816, a reorganization of the district of Muri, led to creation of today's community. With a nearly constant population, Geltwil has remained a purely farming village. In the center is the school house was built in 1972 and the memorial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fribourg
or is the capital of the Cantons of Switzerland, Swiss canton of Canton of Fribourg, Fribourg and district of Sarine (district), La Sarine. Located on both sides of the river Saane/Sarine, on the Swiss Plateau, it is a major economic, administrative and educational centre on the cultural border between German-speaking Switzerland, German-speaking and Romandy, French-speaking Switzerland. Its Old town, Old City, one of the best-maintained in Switzerland, sits on a small rocky hill above the valley of the Sarine. In 2018, it had a population of 38,365. History Prehistory The region around Fribourg has been settled since the Neolithic period, although few remains have been found. These include some flint tools found near Bourguillon, as well as a stone hatchet and bronze tools. A river crossing was located in the area during the Roman Empire, Roman Era. The main activity in the Swiss plateau went through the area to the north, however, and was instead centered around the valley o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Cross
The organized International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a Humanitarianism, humanitarian movement with approximately 16million volunteering, volunteers, members, and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering. History Foundation Until the middle of the nineteenth century, there were no organized or well-established army nursing systems for casualties, nor safe or protected institutions, to accommodate and treat those who were wounded on the battlefield. A devout Calvinism, Calvinist, the Swiss businessman Jean-Henri Dunant traveled to Italy to meet then-French emperor Napoleon III in June 1859 with the intention of discussing difficulties in conducting business in French Algeria, Algeria, which at that time was occupied by France. He arrived in the small town of Solferino on the evening of 24 June after the Battle of Solferino, an engagement in the Second Itali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
