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Somoza
The Somoza family () is a political family which ruled Nicaragua under a dictatorship over a period of forty-three years, from 1936 to 1979. Founder, Anastasio Somoza García – who served as the President of Nicaragua from 1937 until 1956 – was succeeded by his two sons; the eldest, Luis Somoza Debayle from 1957 to 1963, and youngest, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, serving for two presidential terms between 1967–1972 and 1974–1979. Although the Somozas did not hold the presidency for the full forty-three years, their political influence was continuously exacted via the installation of puppet presidents and ongoing control of the National Guard. While the Somoza family moved towards modernizing Nicaragua, their rule featured repression and inequality. Over four decades, the Somoza family accumulated wealth through corporate bribes, land-grabbing and foreign-aid siphoning. The family received support from the government of the United States, and the leadership styles of each ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandinista
The Sandinista National Liberation Front (, FSLN) is a socialist political party in Nicaragua. Its members are called Sandinistas () in both English and Spanish. The party is named after Augusto César Sandino, who led the Nicaraguan resistance against the United States occupation of Nicaragua in the 1930s.History Matter"To Abolish the Monroe Doctrine": Proclamation from Augusto César SandinoRetrieved 29/09/12 The FSLN overthrew Anastasio Somoza Debayle in the 1979 Nicaraguan Revolution, ending the Somoza dynasty, and established a revolutionary government in its place. Having seized power, the Sandinistas ruled Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, first as part of a Junta of National Reconstruction. Following the resignation of centrist members from this Junta, the FSLN took exclusive power in March 1981. They instituted literacy programs, nationalization, land reform, and devoted significant resources to healthcare, but came under international criticism for human rights abuses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anastasio Somoza García
Anastasio Somoza García (1 February 1896 – 29 September 1956) was the leader of Nicaragua from 1936 until his assassination in 1956. He was officially the 21st President of Nicaragua from 1 January 1937 to 1 May 1947 and from 21 May 1950 until his assassination on 29 September 1956, ruling for the rest of the time as an unelected military dictator. He was the patriarch of the Somoza family, which ruled Nicaragua as a family dictatorship for 42 years. The son of a wealthy coffee planter, Somoza was educated in the United States. After his return to Nicaragua, he helped oust President Adolfo Díaz. He became the foreign secretary and took the title of "General". With the help of the US Marine Corps, which occupied Nicaragua at the time, Somoza became the head of the National Guard. This gave him the power base to remove his wife's uncle, Juan Bautista Sacasa, from the presidency, and make himself president in 1937. In 1947, an ally nominally succeeded him, but he retained p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Nicaragua
Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America after Guatemala and Honduras. Nicaragua is bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean and shares maritime borders with El Salvador to the west and Colombia to the east. The country's largest city and national capital is Managua, the fourth-largest city in Central America, with a population of 1,055,247 as of 2020. Nicaragua is known as "the breadbasket of Central America" due to having the most fertile soil and arable land in all of Central America. Nicaragua's multiethnic population includes people of mestizo, indigenous, European, and African heritage. The country's most spoken language is Spanish, though indigenous tribes on the Mosquito Coast speak their own languages and English. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1947 Nicaraguan General Election
General elections were held in Nicaragua on 2 February 1947 to elect a president and National Congress. The agreement between the Conservatives and the Independent Liberal Party (PLI), signed on 17 August, pledged both parties to overthrow the dictatorship, guarantee civil liberties, initiate governmental and constitutional reforms, and establish a government that would provide minority representation. Subsequently, the PLI met in a convention in León and ratified the choice of an elderly Liberal, Dr. Enoc Aguado, as the presidential candidate of the two parties. However, as the PLI was not legally recognised, Aguado ran as a candidate of the Conservative Nationalist Party. The Nationalist Liberal Party convention, in early August, remained deadlocked between Lorenzo Guerrero and Alejandro Abaunza. Somoza "engineered another master stroke by arranging the nomination of seventy-one-year-old Leonardo Argüello Barreto, who combined the dual advantages of a 'big name' Liberal l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1936 Nicaraguan General Election
General elections were held in Nicaragua on 8 December 1936 to elect a President, half of the Deputies and one-third of the Senators of the National Congress. On 16 June the Liberal party met in León to hold its convention and name its candidate for the presidency. The nomination of Anastasio Somoza García was totally uneventful. "The old party leadership was swept aside in favor of a new group of younger, more dynamic and ambitious men." Ex-President Emiliano Chamorro Vargas left for Costa Rica on 23 June 1936 claiming that his life was in danger. After Chamorro's departure from the country, the Conservatives were divided as to what to do in the coming elections. One faction, headed by Chamorro, decided to carry on with the candidacy of Leonardo Argüello Barreto according to the Liberal-Conservative pact signed just before Juan Bautista Sacasa was removed from office. A dissident faction of anti-Somoza Liberals formed the Constitutionalist Liberal Party, which joined up with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Somoza Debayle
Luis Anastasio Somoza Debayle (18 November 1922 – 13 April 1967) was the 50th President of Nicaragua from 1957 until his resignation in 1963. He succeeded to the presidency following the death of his father, Anastasio Somoza García. The Somoza family was the most powerful family in the country at that time. Somoza Debayle was born in León on 18 November 1922. In 1936 at the age of 14, he and his younger brother Anastasio attended Saint Leo College Prep near Tampa, before transferring to La Salle Military Academy on Long Island. Luis was then educated at Louisiana State University, where he was a member of Fi Sigma Alfa Hispanic fraternity. He married Costa Rican Isabel Urcuyo on 9 June 1947, and they had seven children together. Following the assassination of his father, Anastasio Somoza García, Luis was tapped as acting president, and was elected president in his own right the following year. His rule was somewhat milder than that of his father. However, civil liber ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1936 Nicaraguan Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Nicaragua on 9 June 1936. On 31 May 1936 Somoza's forces attacked Managua. On 6 June President Juan Bautista Sacasa and Vice-President Rodolfo Espinosa Ramírez resigned and Julián Irías (Minister of Gobernacion) was appointed acting president. On 6 June Sacasa sailed for exile in El Salvador. “''Julián Irías' term as President was very brief. Somoza made one attempt to see him, but Irias was drunk and nothing was accomplished''”. On 9 June the Congress unanimously accepted the resignations of the President Juan Bautista Sacasa and Vice President Rodolfo Espinosa Ramírez and unanimously selected Somoza’s choice as Provisional President, Carlos Alberto Brenes Jarquín. “''The Conservatives in Congress justified their vote by saying they were interested in a peaceful solution to the present crisis but that they wanted to be known as the party of opposition and reserved the right to name a candidate in the presidential electio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonardo Argüello Barreto
Leonardo Argüello Barreto (29 August 1875 – 15 December 1947) was a Nicaraguan politician who, after several attempts, became the President of Nicaragua in 1947. He served from 1 May to 27 May 1947. His older brother was the noted poet Santiago Arguello Barreto. A member of the Nationalist Liberal Party, his presidency was cut short by a coup d'état orchestrated by the commander of the National Guard, General Anastasio Somoza García. Life and political race Leonardo Argüello was born in León, Nicaragua. Working as a doctor in Leon, he entered Liberal Party politics in 1912. He participated in the Constitutionalist War of 1926. He served as President of the lower chamber of the National Congress of Nicaragua, and as Minister of Public Education, Interior and Foreign Affairs. He was also a writer and diplomat. In the elections of 1936, he ran for president and lost to General Somoza. To the surprise of many, Somoza proposed that Argüello should be the candidate for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Schick
René Schick Gutiérrez (23 November 1909 – 3 August 1966) was a Nicaraguan politician, lawyer, and diplomat who served as the 51st President of Nicaragua from 1963 until his death in 1966. He was previously the Minister of Foreign Affairs under President Luis Somoza Debayle from 1961 to 1962 and as well as the Minister of Education from 1957 to 1962. Biography Schick was born in León. Of Austrian ancestry, Schick's father died in 1911, leaving his family in a precarious economic situation; during his childhood, Schick had to work as a shoeshiner. During his secondary studies at the ''Instituto Nacional de Occidente'' in León, Schick's good results caught the attention of the school's director, J. Ramón Sevilla, who secured him employment at the school. After Sevilla was named Minister of Education under President Anastasio Somoza García in 1937, Schick was employed as a civil servant in the government. After completing law studies at the National University of Nicaragua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1950 Nicaraguan General Election
General elections were held in Nicaragua to elect a president and National Congress of Nicaragua on 21 May 1950. In April, Anastasio Somoza García and Emiliano Chamorro Vargas sat down and signed the Pacto de los Generales, thus laying the basis for a new political coalition. Once the agreement was signed, the Congress formally proceeded to set the date and the procedure of the upcoming election. Sixty deputies to a Constituent Assembly would be elected, with forty seats going to the majority party and seventeen to the minority party, plus three that would include the defeated presidential candidate and the two living, popularly elected ex-presidents (Anastasio Somoza García and Emiliano Chamorro Vargas). "Only the Liberals and the Conservatives could participate because the constitutional procedure for registering new parties would be held in abeyance." The Conservative leadership at no time threatened to withdraw from the race and the election was held as scheduled on 21 May. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Managua
Managua () is the capital city, capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the List of largest cities in Central America, largest cities in Central America. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1,055,247 as of 2020, and a population of 1,401,687 in its metropolitan area. The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department. Founded in 1819, Managua became the national capital in 1852. The city underwent a rapid expansion and urbanization between 1842 and 1930, leading it to become one of the most developed cities in Central America. Several earthquakes have affected the city's growth, especially the 1931 Nicaragua earthquake, 1931 earthquake and the 1972 Nicaragua earthquake, 1972 earthquake, but the city has been rebuilt several times. Today, the city is a major economic hub for both the country and Central America. Etymology There are two possible origins for the name "Managua". It may have originated from the term ''Mana-ahua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
