|
Someshvara (13th-century Poet)
Someshvara (IAST: Someśvara) was a 13th-century hereditary priest and Sanskrit poet in the Chaulukya and Vaghela courts of present-day Gujarat, India. He was a close friend of the minister Vastupala, and there are several legendary ''prabandha'' anecdotes about the two men. Early life Someshvara, also known as Someshvara-deva, lived in the 13th century, but the exact year of his birth is not known. The last canto of his ''Surathotsava Mahakavya'' provides information about him and several of his ancestors. Someshvara came from a Brahmin family of Vasishtha gotra and Gulecha ''kula''. His ancestors lived at the town of Nagara (present-day Vadnagar). King Mularaja, the founder of the Chaulukya dynasty, appointed his ancestor Sola-sharman as a priest (''purohita''). Sola-sharman's descendants also served the Chaulukya kings as priests: Lalla-sharman (king Chamunda-raja), Munja (king Durlabha-raja), Soma, Ama-sharman (king Karna), Kumara (king Jayasimha Siddharaja), Sarva-deva, A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IAST
The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is a transliteration scheme that allows the lossless romanisation of Brahmic family, Indic scripts as employed by Sanskrit and related Indic languages. It is based on a scheme that emerged during the 19th century from suggestions by Sir Charles Trevelyan, 1st Baronet, Charles Trevelyan, William Jones (philologist), William Jones, Monier Monier-Williams and other scholars, and formalised by the Transliteration Committee of the Geneva International Congress of Orientalists, Oriental Congress, in September 1894. IAST makes it possible for the reader to read the Indic text unambiguously, exactly as if it were in the original Indic script. It is this faithfulness to the original scripts that accounts for its continuing popularity amongst scholars. Usage Scholars commonly use IAST in publications that cite textual material in Sanskrit, Pāḷi and other classical Indian languages. IAST is also used for major e-text repos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mularaja II
Mularaja (), also known as ''Bala Mularaja'' (), was an Indian king from the Chaulukya dynasty of Gujarat. He ruled the present-day Gujarat and surrounding areas from his capital Anahilapataka (modern Patan). He ascended the throne as a child, and his mother Naiki Devi acted as the regent during his short reign. The Chaulukyas repulsed a Ghurid invasion when he was 13 years old. The Paramara king Vindhyavarman made attempts to evict the Chaulukyas from Malwa during his reign, and succeeded in regaining control of Malwa either during Mularaja's lieftime or shortly after his death. Early life Mularaja succeeded his father Ajayapala on the Chaulukya throne. His mother Naikidevi was the daughter of one Paramardin. According to one theory, this Paramardin was the Goa Kadamba king Shivachitta Paramadideva (1148–1179 CE). Another theory identifies him with the Chandela king Paramardi. The second theory is based on the identification of "Kakaḍādaha" with similar-soun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shakta
Shaktism () is a major Hindu denomination in which the deity or metaphysical reality is considered metaphorically to be a woman. Shaktism involves a galaxy of goddesses, all regarded as different aspects, manifestations, or personifications of the divine feminine energy called ''Shakti''. It includes various modes of worship, ranging from those focused on the most worshipped Durga, to gracious Parvati, and the fierce Kali. After the decline of Buddhism in India, various Hindu and Buddhist goddesses were combined to form the Mahavidya, a pantheon of ten goddesses. The most common forms of the Mahadevi worshipped in Shaktism include: Durga, Kali, Saraswati, Lakshmi, Parvati, and Tripura Sundari. Also worshipped are the various Gramadevatas across the Indian villages. Shaktism also encompasses various tantric sub-traditions, including Vidyapitha and Kulamārga. Shaktism emphasizes that intense love of the deity is more important than simple obedience, thus showing an inf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaivite
Shaivism (, , ) is one of the major Hindu traditions, which worships Shiva as the supreme being. It is the second-largest Hindu sect after Vaishnavism, constituting about 385 million Hindus, found widely across South Asia (predominantly in Southern India), Sri Lanka, and Nepal.Keay, p.xxvii. The followers of Shaivism are called Shaivas or Shaivites. According to Chakravarti, Shaivism developed as an amalgam of pre-Aryan religions and traditions, Vedic Rudra, and post-Vedic traditions, accommodating local traditions and Yoga, puja and bhakti. According to Bisschop, early shaivism is rooted in the worship of vedic deity Rudra. The earliest evidence for sectarian Rudra-Shiva worship appears with the Pasupata (early CE), possibly owing to the Hindu synthesis, when many local traditions were aligned with the Vedic-Brahmanical fold. The Pāśupata movement rapidly expanded throughout North India, giving rise to different forms of Shaivism, which led to the emergence of variou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vedas
FIle:Atharva-Veda samhita page 471 illustration.png, upright=1.2, The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the ''Atharvaveda''. The Vedas ( or ; ), sometimes collectively called the Veda, are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest Hindu texts, scriptures of Hinduism. There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Atharvaveda. Each Veda has four subdivisions – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Brahmanas (commentaries on and explanation of rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices – Yajñas), the Aranyakas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), and the Upanishads (texts discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge).Gavin Flood (1996), ''An Introduction to Hinduism'', Cambridge University Press, , pp. 35–39A Bhattacharya (2006), ''Hindu Dharma: Introduc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vividha Tirtha Kalpa
''Vividha Tirtha Kalpa'', originally named ''Kalpa-pradeepa'', is a widely cited Jain text composed by Jinaprabha Suri in the 14th century CE. It is a compilation of about 60 Kalpas (sections), most of them give the accounts of major Jain Tirthas. ''Vividha Tirtha Kalpa'' is an example of the tirtha-mala texts that are compilations about Jain Tirthas throughout India. Jinaprabh Suri is said to have written three Jain prayers in Persian. Author Jinaprabha Suri lived during the rule of Muhammad bin Tughluq. He travelled widely and has left a record of contemporary events as well as oral traditions. He was born in Mohilvadi, Gujarat in the Tambi clan of Shrimal Jain community. He was initiated at the age of 8 and became an Acharya in Kharatara Gaccha at 23. Composition time Some of the Kalpas contain the date of compositions, although most are undated. The dates range from Samvat 1364 to Samvat 1389.Vividha Tirth kalpa, Jinaprabha Suri, Hindi Translation by Bhanwarlal Nahta, Shr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prabandha Kosha
''Prabandha-Kosha'' (IAST: Prabandhakośa) is an Indian Sanskrit-language collection of ''prabandha''s (legendary biographical narratives). It was compiled by the Jain scholar Rajashekhara Suri in 1349 CE. It describes the lives of 24 people, including 10 Jain scholars, 4 Sanskrit poets, 7 kings and 3 Jain householders. It is also known as ''Chaturvinshati Prabandha''. The content of the collection is based on the information that Rajashekhara obtained from his teacher Tilakasuri. He composed the work at Delhi, under the patronage of Madanasimha, whose father had been honoured by Shri Mahamad Shahi (probably Muhammad Tughluq). Only the 7th ''prabandha'' in the collection (the one about Mallavadi-Suri) is written completely in verse form; the rest of the ''prabandha''s use colloquial Sanskrit prose. Content The ''Prabandha-Kosha'' contains 24 ''prabandha''s (anecdotes), with 4,300 shlokas (verses), on the following persons: Suris (Jain scholars) # Bhadrabahu and Varahamihira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anahilavada
Patan () is the administrative seat of Patan district in the Indian state of Gujarat and is an administered municipality. It was the capital of Gujarat's Chavda and Chaulukya dynasties in medieval times and is also known as Anhilpur-Patan to distinguish it from Prabhas Patan. During the rule of Gujarat Sultanate, it was the capital from 1407 to 1411. Patan was established by the Chavda king Vanaraja. During the rule of several Hindu and Muslim dynasties, it thrived as a trading city and a regional capital of northern Gujarat. The city contains many Hindu and Jain temples as well as mosques, dargahs and rauzas. It is a historical place located on the bank of the now-extinct Saraswati River. Patan has an old market which is quite sizeable and is believed to have been in continuous operation since at least the rule of Vaghelas and gandhis. History Patan was established by the Chavda ruler Vanaraja in the ninth century as "Anahilapataka". During the 10th–13th centuries, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shatrunjaya
Shatrunjaya, also spelled Shetrunjaya ("place of victory against inner enemies") and originally known as Pundarikgiri, is a range of hills located near the city of Palitana in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat, India. The hills are situated on the banks of the Shetrunji River at an elevation of approximately above sea level. These hills bear similarities to other locations where Jainism, Jain temples have been constructed, including those in Bihar, Gwalior, Mount Abu, and Girnar. The sacred Jain hill of Shatrunjaya is home to 865 temples. The site was sanctified when Rishabha, the first Tirthankara of Jainism, delivered his sermons on the summit. The ancient significance of the hills is also attributed to Pundalik, Pundarik Swami, a chief Ganadhara and the grandson of Rishabha, who is believed to have attained Nirvana or Moksha here. His shrine is located opposite the main temple of Adinath, which was built by Bharata, the son of Rishabha. Alternate spellings include ''Śatr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhavalakka
Dholka is a city and municipality in the Ahmedabad District of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the headquarters of Dholka Taluka, and is 48 km by road via National Highway 8A southwest of the city of Ahmedabad. Dholka has an average elevation of . Dholka's Nearest City is Ahmedabad and Kheda. History Large numbers of old buildings in the city suggest that it was important in ancient times; archaeologists have discovered small stone chert tools made of chalcedony, quartz and agate which date to the Middle Stone and Iron Ages. Dholka is said to stand on the site of Viratpur, or Matsyanagar, which, in their wanderings, the Pandavas found governed by queen Sudishva of the Kaiyo or Bhil race. Her brother, Kichak Kaiyo, a prince of great power, was, according to the story, slain for an attempt on the chastity of Draupadi. Here too in 144 AD, Kanaksen, a prince of the race of the sun, ''Suryavansh'', is said to have settled. At the close of the eleventh century, the to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhima II
Bhima II (r. 1178–1240), also known as Bhola Bhima, was an Indian king who ruled the Kingdom of Gujarat. He was a member of the Chaulukya (also called Chalukya or Solanki) dynasty. During his reign, the dynasty's power declined greatly as a result of rebellions by the feudatories as well as external invasions by the Ghurids, the Paramaras, and the Yadavas of Devagiri. The kingdom, however, was saved by his generals Arnoraja, Lavanaprasada and Viradhavala, whose family established the Vaghela dynasty. Early life Bhima II, also known as Bhima-deva, was a son of the Chaulukya king Ajayapala. He succeeded his brother Mularaja II at a young age. Taking advantage of his young age, some of his ''mandalika''s (provincial governors) rebelled against him in order to establish independent states. His loyal feudatory Arnoraja came to his rescue, and died fighting the rebels. Arnoraja's descendants Lavanaprasada and Viradhavala became powerful during Bhima's reign, and ultimate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mlechchha
Mleccha () is a Sanskrit term referring to those of an incomprehensible speech, foreigners or invaders deemed distinct and separate from the List of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes, Vedic tribes. In Vedic Brahmanical discourse, the term is used to refer to foreigners (anāryans) who are considered outside the realm of Historical Vedic religion, Vedic dharma. ''Mleccha'' was traditionally applied to denote foreigners or outsiders who did not belong to the Vedic cultural milieu, regardless of their race or skin colour. These individuals were considered outside the Varna (Hinduism), Varna system and the ritualistic framework of Vedas, Vedic society. Historical sources identify various groups as mlecchas, including the Saka, Śākas, Huna people, Huns, Chinas, Chinese, Yavana, Greeks, Kambojas, Pahlavas, Bahlikas, Rishikas, and Daradas. Other groups designated as mlecchas include the Barbaras, Kiratas, Parada kingdom, Paradas, Parasika kingdom, Saka-Greeks, Indo-Greek kingdom, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
