|
Solihin G. P.
Solihin Gautama Purwanegara (21 July 1926 – 5 March 2024) was an Indonesian military officer and politician who served as governor of West Java from 1970 to 1975. As a student, he joined the Indonesian Army during the national revolution. Following the recognition of Indonesian sovereignty in 1949, he served mostly within the Siliwangi Military Region before joining the Hasanuddin Military Region and later becoming its commander. He was appointed West Java's governor in 1970, but due to disagreements on policy with the central government he served only a single term. He remained active in politics after his governorship, serving as advisor to President Suharto until 1993. He also briefly joined PDI-P after Suharto's downfall, and was involved in the presidential campaigns of Joko Widodo in 2014 and 2019 along with Ganjar Pranowo in 2024. Early life and education Solihin Gautama Purwanegara was born on 21 July 1926, in Tasikmalaya, Preanger Regencies Residency, Dutch East ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mashudi
Lieutenant General Mashudi (September 11, 1919 – June 22, 2005) was an Indonesian politician who was Governor of West Java. He also served as Vice Chairman of the People's Consultative Assembly (1967–1972). In 1974, he became Chairman of the West Java Scout Council, and was elected Vice-Chairman of the national headquarters (''Kwarnas'') of the Gerakan Pramuka. At the National Scout Conference in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra in 1978, he was elected by acclamation as Chairman, in which position he served until 1993. In 1985, Mashudi was awarded the 181st ''Bronze Wolf'', the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM ) is the largest and, after the Order of World Scouts (formed in 1911), is the second-oldest international organization in the Scout Movement, having been established in 1922. It has 176 members. ..., awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joko Widodo
Joko Widodo (; born 21 June 1961), often known mononymously as Jokowi, is an Indonesian politician, engineer, and businessman who served as the seventh president of Indonesia from 2014 to 2024. Previously a member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), he was the country's first president not to emerge from the country's political or military elite. He previously served as governor of Jakarta from 2012 to 2014 and mayor of Surakarta from 2005 to 2012. Jokowi was born and raised in a riverside slum in Surakarta. He graduated from Gadjah Mada University in 1985, and married his wife, Iriana, a year later. He worked as a carpenter and a furniture exporter before being 2005 Surakarta mayoral election, elected mayor of Surakarta in 2005. He achieved national prominence as mayor and was elected governor of Jakarta 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election, in 2012, with Basuki Tjahaja Purnama as vice governor. As governor, he reinvigorated local politics, introduced publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tentara Pelajar
''Tentara Pelajar'' or Student's Armies, sometimes referred to as Student's Brigades is a collective name used for many small self-organized independent military units formed by students across Indonesia during Indonesian National Revolution The Indonesian National Revolution (), also known as the Indonesian War of Independence (, ), was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during A .... Consisted mostly of very young ''pemuda'' (youth) from middle to high schools between the age of 14–18, they were famous for being uncontrollable and very radical compared to other more disciplined Republican units and militia. While some units of Tentara Pelajar had centralized command and some degree of control by Indonesian military commanders, many more were simply decentralized militia or units that are formed by students themselves and act independently from the rest of Indonesian armed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madiun Affair
The Madiun Affair (), known locally as the Communist Party of Indonesia rebellion of 1948 (), was an armed conflict between the government of the self-proclaimed Republic of Indonesia and the left-wing opposition group ''Front Demokrasi Rakyat'' (FDR, People's Democratic Front) during the Indonesian National Revolution. The conflict began on September 18, 1948, in Madiun, East Java, and ended three months later when most FDR leaders and members were detained and executed by Indonesian National Armed Forces, TNI forces. Background The downfall of the Sjarifuddin Cabinet and the formation of the Hatta Cabinet Opinions regarding the trigger of the conflict vary. According to Kreutzer, the downfall of Amir Sjarifuddin, Amir Sjarifuddin's government in January 1948 was the origin of the Madiun Affair. Before then, during the second half of 1947, Partai Sosialis was split into two factions: one faction was led by Sjarifuddin, and a smaller faction was led by Sutan Sjahrir. The l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Communist Party
The Communist Party of Indonesia ( Indonesian: ''Partai Komunis Indonesia'', PKI) was a communist party in the Dutch East Indies and later Indonesia. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. The party had two million members in the 1955 elections, with 16 percent of the national vote and almost 30 percent of the vote in East Java. At the time, it was the largest communist party in the world after the Chinese and Soviet communist parties. During most of the period immediately following the Indonesian Independence until the eradication of the PKI in 1965, it was a legal party operating openly in the country. Accused of responsibility for the 1965 army-led coup attempt, the party was banned by General Suharto in March 1966. History Forerunners The Indies Social Democratic Association ( Dutch: ''Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging'', ISDV) was founded in 1914 by Dutch socialist Henk Sneevliet and another Indies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Elections Commission
The General Elections Commission (, abbreviated as KPU) is the body that organises elections in Indonesia. Its responsibilities include deciding which parties can contest elections, organising the voting and announcing the results and seats won in the various branches of the government. History Following the Fall of Suharto, fall of President Suharto and the end of Indonesia's authoritarian New Order (Indonesia), New Order, as a result of public pressure, B. J. Habibie, President Habibie brought forward the general elections planned for 2002 to 1999. On 1 February the People's Representative Council passed Law No. 3/1999 on the General Election, which mandated the establishment of a "free and independent General Elections Commission comprising members of political parties and the government" to oversee the elections. The commission was then established with 53 members and former home affairs minister Rudini as chair. As a result of further public pressure, the government appoin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs
Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs ( Dutch, "more advanced primary education") was during part of the twentieth century a level of education in the Netherlands, Suriname and the Dutch East Indies. The system was comparable with the junior high school level in the US education system. Its successors were the mavo and vbo, now both replaced by VMBO. In Suriname, MULO was a four year program. It was split into MULO-A which was focused on business and MULO-B which was focused on science. After graduating, students could move onto three-year VWO leading to university or a two-year HAVO leading to higher vocational training. In 2021, it was replaced with "voortgezet onderwijs" in Suriname. See also * Education in the Netherlands Education in the Netherlands is characterized by division: education is oriented toward the needs and background of the pupil. Education is divided over schools for different age groups, some of which are divided in streams for different educatio ... Referen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europeesche Lagere School
Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) was a European elementary school system in what was then the Dutch East Indies during colonial rule. The schools were intended primarily for Europeans. The implementation of basic education at that time was differentiated between basic education for European children and indigenous children, so there was a primary school for a European child (''Lager Onderwijs en Lagere School voor Europeanen'') and an elementary school for native and foreign Eastern children attending the ELS. Although special requirements were established, in 1902 the name Europeesche Lagere Scholen was used for European children's primary schools. It means to eliminate the impression that this school is solely for Europeans. Having been established for the first time in Weltevreden (Batavia), Weltevreden (Jatinegara), the ELS was growing more and more in number. In 1820 there were only seven schools, and in 1845 there were 24 schools. Then, the number of schools grew up to 68 i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garut
Garut is a district and town in West Java of Indonesia, and the former capital of Garut Regency. It is located about 75 km to the southeast of the major city of Bandung. History The modern history of Garut started on 2 March 1811 when the Balubur Limbangan Regency was dissolved by Governor General Herman Willem Daendels because the area's production of coffee had decreased and the Regent, Tumenggung Wangsakusumah II, had refused a command to plant indigo. Balubur Limbangan Regency then comprised six districts: Balubur, Malangbong, Wanaraja, Wanakerta, Cibeureum and Papandak. The Limbangan Regency, which has now become the Garut Regency, was founded by Lieutenant-Governor Stamford Raffles on 16 February 1813. RAA. Adiwijaya, who governed from the 1813 until 1821, was the first Regent of the Garut Regency. He was well known as Dalem Cipeujueh. The town of Suci was originally the capital of the new Limbangan Regency. However it was thought that Suci did not meet the require ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Servant
The civil service is a collective term for a sector of government composed mainly of career civil service personnel hired rather than elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leadership. A civil service official, also known as a public servant or public employee, is a person employed in the public sector by a government department or agency for public sector undertakings. Civil servants work for central and local governments, and answer to the government, not a political party. The extent of civil servants of a state as part of the "civil service" varies from country to country. In the United Kingdom (UK), for instance, only Crown (national government) employees are referred to as "civil servants" whereas employees of local authorities (counties, cities and similar administrations) are generally referred to as "local government officers", who are considered public servants but not civil servants. Thus, in the UK, a civil servant is a public ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Islam by country, Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia operates as a Presidential system, presidential republic with an elected People's Consultative Assembly, legislature and consists of Provinces of Indonesia, 38 provinces, nine of which have Autonomous administrative divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preanger Regencies Residency
Preanger Regencies Residency (), sometimes referred to as Preanger Residency and renamed Priangan Residency after 1931, was an administrative division (Residency (administrative division), residency) of the Dutch East Indies located in Parahyangan, West Java which existed from 1817 to 1925. Its capital was in Cianjur, Cianjur Regency, Cianjur until 1856 and thereafter in Bandung. The residency contained the municipality of Bandung and the regencies () of Bandung Regency, Bandoeng, Sumedang Regency, Soemedang, Tasikmalaya Regency, Tasikmalaja, Ciamis Regency, Tjiamis and Garut Regency, Garoet. History Prehistory In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the area of Preanger (Parahyangan) had belonged to the Mataram Sultanate. In the late seventeenth century, the Dutch East India Company allied itself with Mataram, but demanded territorial and trade concessions. During this time, the Dutch started to exert more and more influence in the Western part of Java. Mataram finally ceded a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
