|
Sodium Hexachloroplatinate
Sodium hexachloroplatinate(IV), the sodium salt of chloroplatinic acid, is an inorganic compound with the formula Na2 tCl6'', consisting of the sodium cation and the hexachloroplatinate anion. As explained by Cox and Peters, anhydrous sodium hexachloroplatinate, which is yellow, tends to form the orange hexahydrate upon storage in humid air. The latter can be dehydrated upon heating at 110 °C. The compound is utilised as the most common chemical shift reference in platinum-195 NMR spectroscopy, relative to which the shifts of other platinum species in solution are reported. Preparation and reactions Sodium hexachloroplatinate is obtained as an intermediate in the preparation of Pt complexes, often starting with the dissolution of platinum in aqua regia, giving hexachloroplatinic acid, which is then reacted with sodium chloride and evaporated, leaving the salt behind. :Pt + 4 HNO3 + 6 HCl → H2 tCl6+ 4 NO2 + 4 H2O :H2 tCl6+ NaCl → Na2 tCl6+ 2 HCl The compound can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potassium Hexachloroplatinate
Potassium hexachloroplatinate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2PtCl6. It is a yellow solid that is an example of a comparatively insoluble potassium salt. The salt features the hexachloroplatinate(IV) dianion, which has octahedral coordination geometry. The precipitation of this compound from solutions of hexachloroplatinic acid was formerly used for the determination of potassium by gravimetric analysis. It is also useful as an intermediate in the recovery of platinum from wastes. Reactions Using salt metathesis reactions, potassium hexachloroplatinate is converted to a variety of quaternary ammonium and related lipophilic salts. These include tetrabutylammonium salt (NBu4)2PtCl6, known as Lukevics catalyst. Reduction of potassium hexachloroplatinate with hydrazine Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a simple pnictogen hydride, and is a colourless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odour. Hydrazine is highly toxic unless ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platinum
Platinum is a chemical element with the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. Its name originates from Spanish , a diminutive of "silver". Platinum is a member of the platinum group of elements and group 10 of the periodic table of elements. It has six naturally occurring isotopes. It is one of the rarer elements in Earth's crust, with an average abundance of approximately 5 μg/kg. It occurs in some nickel and copper ores along with some native deposits, mostly in South Africa, which accounts for ~80% of the world production. Because of its scarcity in Earth's crust, only a few hundred tonnes are produced annually, and given its important uses, it is highly valuable and is a major precious metal commodity. Platinum is one of the least reactive metals. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures, and is therefore considered a noble metal. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Compounds
Sodium atoms have 11 electrons, one more than the stable configuration of the noble gas neon. As a result, sodium usually forms ionic compounds involving the Na+ cation. Sodium is a reactive alkali metal and is much more stable in ionic compounds. It can also form intermetallic compounds and organosodium compounds. Sodium compounds are often soluble in water. Metallic sodium Metallic sodium is generally less reactive than potassium and more reactive than lithium. Sodium metal is highly reducing, with the standard reduction potential for the Na+/Na couple being −2.71 volts, though potassium and lithium have even more negative potentials. The thermal, fluidic, chemical, and nuclear properties of molten sodium metal have caused it to be one of the main coolants of choice for the fast breeder reactor. Such nuclear reactors are seen as a crucial step for the production of clean energy. Salts and oxides Sodium compounds are of immense commercial importance, being particularly cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platinum(IV) Compounds
Platinum is a chemical element with the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. Its name originates from Spanish , a diminutive of "silver". Platinum is a member of the platinum group of elements and group 10 of the periodic table of elements. It has six naturally occurring isotopes. It is one of the rarer elements in Earth's crust, with an average abundance of approximately 5 μg/kg. It occurs in some nickel and copper ores along with some native deposits, mostly in South Africa, which accounts for ~80% of the world production. Because of its scarcity in Earth's crust, only a few hundred tonnes are produced annually, and given its important uses, it is highly valuable and is a major precious metal commodity. Platinum is one of the least reactive metals. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures, and is therefore considered a noble metal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solubility
In chemistry, solubility is the ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent. Insolubility is the opposite property, the inability of the solute to form such a solution. The extent of the solubility of a substance in a specific solvent is generally measured as the concentration of the solute in a saturated solution, one in which no more solute can be dissolved. At this point, the two substances are said to be at the solubility equilibrium. For some solutes and solvents, there may be no such limit, in which case the two substances are said to be " miscible in all proportions" (or just "miscible"). The solute can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas, while the solvent is usually solid or liquid. Both may be pure substances, or may themselves be solutions. Gases are always miscible in all proportions, except in very extreme situations,J. de Swaan Arons and G. A. M. Diepen (1966): "Gas—Gas Equilibria". ''Journal of Chemical Phys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
195Pt NMR
Platinum-195 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (platinum NMR or 195Pt NMR) is a spectroscopic technique which is used for the detection and characterisation of platinum compounds. The sensitivity of the technique and therefore its diagnostic utility have increased significantly starting from the 1970s, with 195Pt NMR nowadays considered the method of choice for structural elucidation of Pt species in solution. Examples of compounds routinely characterised with the method include platinum clusters and organoplatinum species such as PtII-based antitumour agents. Additional applications of 195Pt NMR include kinetic and mechanistic studies or investigations on drug binding. 195Pt magnetic properties Among the naturally occurring isotopes of platinum, 195Pt is the most abundant (33.8%) and the only one with non-zero spin ''I''=1/2. The magnetic properties of the nucleus are considered favourable; the high natural abundance coupled with a medium gyromagnetic ratio (5.768×107 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations and hydroxide anions . Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates . The monohydrate crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound. As one of the simplest hydroxides, sodium hydroxide is frequently used alongside neutral water and acidic hydrochloric acid to demonstrate the pH scale to chemistry students. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Chloride
Sodium chloride , commonly known as salt (although sea salt also contains other chemical salts), is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. With molar masses of 22.99 and 35.45 g/mol respectively, 100 g of NaCl contains 39.34 g Na and 60.66 g Cl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of seawater and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms. In its edible form, salt (also known as '' table salt'') is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather. Uses In addition to the familiar domestic uses of salt, more dominant applications of the approximately 250 million tonnes per year productio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexachloroplatinic Acid
Chloroplatinic acid (also known as hexachloroplatinic acid) is an inorganic compound with the formula 3Osub>2 tCl6H2O)''x'' (0 ≤ ''x'' ≤ 6). A red solid, it is an important commercial source of platinum, usually as an aqueous solution. Although often written in shorthand as H2PtCl6, it is the hydronium (H3O+) salt of the hexachloroplatinate anion (). Hexachloroplatinic acid is highly hygroscopic. Production Hexachloroplatinic acid may be produced via a variety of methods. The most common of these methods involves dissolution of platinum in aqua regia. Other methods include exposing an aqueous suspension of platinum particles to chlorine gas, or via electrolysis. When produced by the aqua regia route, hexachloroplatinic acid is thought to arise by the following equation: The resulting orange/red solution can be evaporated to produce brownish red crystals. Some authors suggest that hexachloroplatinic acid produced using this method is contaminated with nitrosonium hex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platinum-195 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Platinum-195 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (platinum NMR or 195Pt NMR) is a spectroscopic technique which is used for the detection and characterisation of platinum compounds. The sensitivity of the technique and therefore its diagnostic utility have increased significantly starting from the 1970s, with 195Pt NMR nowadays considered the method of choice for structural elucidation of Pt species in solution. Examples of compounds routinely characterised with the method include platinum clusters and organoplatinum species such as PtII-based antitumour agents. Additional applications of 195Pt NMR include kinetic and mechanistic studies or investigations on drug binding. 195Pt magnetic properties Among the naturally occurring isotopes of platinum, 195Pt is the most abundant (33.8%) and the only one with non-zero spin ''I''=1/2. The magnetic properties of the nucleus are considered favourable; the high natural abundance coupled with a medium gyromagnetic ratio (5.768×107 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
