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Socialist Education Movement
__NOTOC__ The Socialist Education Movement (, abbreviated 社教运动 or 社教運動), also known as the Four Cleanups Movement () was a 1963–1965 movement launched by Mao Zedong in the People's Republic of China. Mao sought to remove reactionary elements within the bureaucracy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), saying that "governance is also a process of socialist education." Goals During the 1960s, Mao's view of class struggle focused on two distinct dimensions. One level was class struggle within society to avoid revisionism, a process which required socialist education. The second level was struggle within the Party itself to address bureaucratism and the fear that Party bureaucrats might become a new bourgeoisie. Thus, the goal of the socialist education movement was to "purify politics, purify economics, purify the organization, and purify thought" in opposition to revisionism. Mao sought to make Communist Party cadres closer to the people and to increase revol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong pronounced ; traditionally Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Mao Tse-tung. (26December 18939September 1976) was a Chinese politician, revolutionary, and political theorist who founded the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 and led the country from Proclamation of the People's Republic of China, its establishment until Death and state funeral of Mao Zedong, his death in 1976. Mao served as Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1943 until his death, and as the party's ''de facto'' leader from 1935. His theories, which he advocated as a Chinese adaptation of Marxism–Leninism, are known as Maoism. Born to a peasant family in Shaoshan, Hunan, Mao studied in Changsha and was influenced by the 1911 Revolution and ideas of Chinese nationalism and anti-imperialism. He was introduced to Marxism while working as a librarian at Peking University, and later participated in the May Fourth Movement of 1919. In 1921, Mao became a founding member of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Rightist Campaign
The Anti-Rightist Campaign () in the People's Republic of China, which lasted from 1957 to roughly 1959, was a political campaign to purge alleged " Rightists" within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the country as a whole. The campaign was launched by Chairman Mao Zedong. Deng Xiaoping and Peng Zhen also played important roles. The Anti-Rightist Campaign significantly damaged democracy in China and turned the country into a ''de facto'' one-party state. The definition of rightists was not always consistent, often including critics to the left of the government, but officially referred to those intellectuals who appeared to favor capitalism, or were against one-party rule as well as forcible, state-run collectivization. According to China's official statistics published during the " Boluan Fanzheng" period, the campaign resulted in the political persecution of at least 550,000 people. Some researchers believe that the actual number of persecuted is between 1 and 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maoist Terminology
Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China. A difference between Maoism and traditional Marxism–Leninism is that a united front of progressive forces in class society would lead the revolutionary vanguard in pre-industrial societies rather than communist revolutionaries alone. This theory, in which revolutionary praxis is primary and ideological orthodoxy is secondary, represents urban Marxism–Leninism adapted to pre-industrial China. Later theoreticians expanded on the idea that Mao had adapted Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions, arguing that he had in fact updated it fundamentally and that Maoism could be applied universally throughout the world. This ideology is often referred to as Marxism–Leninism–Maoism to distinguish it from the original ideas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campaigns Of The Chinese Communist Party
Campaign or The Campaign may refer to: Types of campaigns * Campaign, in agriculture, the period during which sugar beets are harvested and processed *Advertising campaign, a series of advertisement messages that share a single idea and theme *Blitz campaign, a short, intensive, and focused marketing campaign for a product or business *Civil society campaign, a project intended to mobilize public support in order to instigate social change *Military campaign, large scale, long duration, significant military strategy plans incorporating a series of inter-related military operations or battles *Political campaign, an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making process within a specific group *Project, an undertaking that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim * The period during which a blast furnace is continuously in operation. Places * Campaign, Tennessee, an unincorporated community in the United States Arts, entertainment, and media Film and televisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Repression In China
Human rights in the People's Republic of China are poor, as per reviews by international bodies, such as human rights treaty bodies and the United Nations Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC), their supporters, and other proponents claim that existing policies and enforcement measures are sufficient to guard against human rights abuses. However, other countries (such as the United States and Canada), international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) including Human Rights in China and Amnesty International, and citizens, lawyers, and dissidents inside the country, state that the authorities in mainland China regularly sanction or organize such abuses. Independent NGOs such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, as well as foreign governmental institutions such as the U.S. State Department, regularly present evidence of the PRC violating the freedoms of speech, mov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fengqiao Experience
Fengqiao experience ( zh, s=枫桥经验, hp=Fēngqiáo jīngyàn) is a method used by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to contain and resolve conflicts at the grassroots level without needing to involve higher legal bodies. First originating from the Fenqiao District of Zhuji, Shaoxing in the early 1960s, the term was popularized again under the general secretaryship of Xi Jinping. History Fengqiao experience first emerged in the Fenqiao District of Zhuji, Zhejiang as a way to mobilize the masses to address social conflicts at the grassroots level without needing the involvement of higher legal institutions. In 1963, as part of the Socialist Education Movement launched by Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Mao Zedong, the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee published a document titled ''Experiences in Struggling Against the Enemy During the Socialist Education Movement in Fengqiao District, Zhuji County'' ( zh, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taoyuan Experience
Taoyuan Experience () refers to the summary of the Four Cleanups Movement led by Wang Guangmei from November 1963 to April 1964 in the Taoyuan Production Brigade of Luwangzhuang Commune, Funing County, Hebei Province. The Experience was once recognized by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and popularized nationwide. Yet, during the Cultural Revolution, it was widely blamed as an example of "leftism". The representative work of the Taoyuan Experience is Wang Guangmei's report entitled ''General Summary of One Brigade's Experience in the Socialist Education Movement ''. Main content The main content of the Taoyuan Experience is that after the socialist education working teams entered the countryside, firstly, they should engage in taking roots and establishing ties, visiting the poor, and gradually organize the class ranks from small to large; then carry out back-to-back denunciation struggles and " Four Cleanups"; then conduct class education in a concentrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seven Thousand Cadres Conference
The Seven-Thousand Cadres Conference ( zh, s=七千人大会, p=Qīqiān rén dàhuì, w=Ch'i1-ch'ien1 jen2 ta4-hui4) was one of the largest work conferences ever of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It took place in Beijing, China, from 11 January to 7 February 1962. The conference was attended by over 7,000 party officials nationwide, focusing on the issues of the Great Leap Forward which resulted in the deaths of tens of millions in the Great Chinese Famine. CCP chairman Mao Zedong made self-criticism during the conference, after which he took a semi-retired role, leaving future responsibilities to Chinese President Liu Shaoqi and Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping. Conference The Conference took place in Beijing, China, from 11 January to 7 February 1962. During the conference, Liu Shaoqi, the 2nd President of China and Vice Chairman of the Communist Party, delivered an important speech that formally attributed 30% of the famine to natural disasters and 70% to man-made mistakes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Massacres In China
The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in China. The massacres are grouped for different time periods. This includes British Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, as well as Portuguese Macau and the Macau Special Administrative Region. Imperial China (before 1912) Republic of China (since 1912) 1912–1937 1937–1945 (Second Sino-Japanese War) 1945–1949 (Civil War) 1949–present People's Republic of China (since 1949) 1949–1966 1966–1976 (Cultural Revolution) Cultural Revolution was launched by Mao Zedong in May 1966, with the help of the Cultural Revolution Group. Estimates of total deaths during the Cultural Revolution generally range from 500,000 to 2,000,000. Some Chinese researchers have estimated that at least 300,000 people were killed in massacres during the Cultural Revolution. Massacres in Guangxi province, Guangxi Province and Guangdong Province were among the most serious: in Guangxi, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Campaigns Of The Chinese Communist Party
This is a list of political campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since the founding of the party in 1921, in the aftermath of World War I. List of campaigns See also * History of China * History of the Republic of China * History of the Chinese Communist Party * History of the People's Republic of China * Timeline of Chinese history References {{reflist Campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party, Persecution of intellectuals in China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thought Reform In The People's Republic Of China
Thought reform in China ( zh, c=思想改造, p=sīxiǎng gǎizào), also known as ideological remolding or ideological reform, was a campaign of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to reform the thinking of Chinese citizens into accepting Marxism–Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought (Maoism) from 1951 to 1952. Techniques employed included indoctrination, "struggle sessions", Propaganda in the People's Republic of China, propaganda, criticism and Self-criticism (Marxism-Leninism)#People's Republic of China, self-criticism, and a variety of other techniques. Terminology The Chinese term ''sīxiǎng gǎizào'' (思想改造, lit. "thought reform") "ideological remolding" compound (linguistics), compounds the words ''sīxiǎng'' (wikt:思想, 思想) "thought; thinking; idea; ideology" and ''gǎizào'' wikt:改造, 改造 "transform; reform; remold; remake; correct". The related term ''sīxiǎng gōngzuò'' (思想工作, lit. "thought work"; also translated as thought-work or thoughtw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Paper (Chinese Newspaper)
''The Paper'' ( zh, first=s, s=澎湃新闻, l=Surging News) is a Chinese digital newspaper owned and run by the state-owned Shanghai United Media Group. History ''The Paper'' was launched in July 2014 as an offshoot of the Shanghai United Media Group publication ''Oriental Morning Post''. It received a large amount of initial funding, speculated to be anywhere from US$16 million to 64 million. Of this, RMB 100 million (approximately $) was provided by the government through the Cyberspace Administration of China. ''The Paper'' was founded as an attempt to capture the readership of mobile internet users as revenue from mainstream physical papers across China saw major declines in the early 2010s. In May 2016, ''The Paper'' launched ''Sixth Tone'', an English-language sister publication. On December 28, 2016, six completely state-owned or invested firms in Shanghai executed a strategic equity investment in Shanghai Oriental Newspaper Industry Company Limited, the operator of ''T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
