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Social Situation In The French Suburbs
The word ''banlieue'', which is French for "suburb", does not necessarily refer to an environment of social disenfranchisement. Indeed, there exist many wealthy suburbs, such as Neuilly-sur-Seine (the wealthiest commune of France per capita) and Versailles (the former royal capital) outside Paris. Nevertheless, the plural term ''banlieues'' has often been used to describe troubled suburban communities—those with high unemployment, high crime rates, as well as frequently, a high proportion of residents of foreign origin mainly from former French African colonies and therefore Berbers, sub-saharan Africans, Caribbeans, Portuguese, Spanish and Arabs. Historical context Rebuilding of France after World War II The destruction of World War II, coupled with an increase in the country's population (due both to immigration and natural increase) left France with a severe housing shortage. During the 1950s, shantytowns (''bidonvilles'') developed on the outskirts of major citie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuilly-sur-Seine
Neuilly-sur-Seine (; 'Neuilly-on-Seine'), also known simply as Neuilly, is an urban Communes of France, commune in the Hauts-de-Seine Departments of France, department just west of Paris in France. Immediately adjacent to the city, north of the Bois de Boulogne, the area is composed of mostly select residential neighbourhoods, as well as many corporate headquarters and a handful of foreign embassies. One of the most affluent areas of France, it is the wealthiest and most expensive suburb of Paris. Together with the 16th arrondissement of Paris, 16th and 7th arrondissement of Paris, the town of Neuilly-sur-Seine forms the most affluent residential area in France. , it is the commune with the fourth highest median per capita income (€52,570 per year) in France. History Originally, Pont de Neuilly was a small hamlet under the jurisdiction of Villiers, a larger settlement mentioned in medieval sources as early as 832 and now absorbed by the commune of Levallois-Perret. It was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbé Pierre
Abbé Pierre (born Henri Marie Joseph Grouès; 5 August 191222 January 2007) was a French Catholic priest. He was a member of the Resistance (France), Resistance during World War II and deputy of the Popular Republican Movement. In 1949, he founded the Emmaus (charity), Emmaus movement, with the goal of helping poor and homeless people. For years, he was one of the most popular figures in France. Allegations of sexual abuse of at least 57 women and children emerged in 2024 and 2025. Youth and education Grouès was born on 5 August 1912 in Lyon, France to a wealthy Catholic family of silk traders, the fifth of eight children. The writer and murderer Héra Mirtel was one of his aunts. He spent his childhood in Irigny, near Lyon. He was twelve when he met François Chabbey and went for the first time with his father to an Order circle, the brotherhood of the "''Hospitaliers veilleurs''" in which the mainly middle-class members would serve the poor by providing barber services. Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirigisme
Dirigisme or dirigism () is an economic doctrine in which the state plays a strong directive (policies) role, contrary to a merely regulatory or non-interventionist role, over a market economy. As an economic doctrine, dirigisme is the opposite of ''laissez-faire'', stressing a positive role for state intervention in curbing productive inefficiencies and market failures. Dirigiste policies often include indicative planning, state-directed investment, and the use of market instruments (taxes and subsidies) to incentivize market entities to fulfill state economic objectives. The term emerged in the post–World War II era to describe the economic policies of France which included substantial state-directed investment, the use of indicative economic planning to supplement the market mechanism and the establishment of state enterprises in strategic domestic sectors. It coincided with both the period of substantial economic and demographic growth, known as the Trente Glorieuses w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Planned Economy
A planned economy is a type of economic system where investment, production and the allocation of capital goods takes place according to economy-wide economic plans and production plans. A planned economy may use centralized, decentralized, participatory or Soviet-type forms of economic planning. The level of centralization or decentralization in decision-making and participation depends on the specific type of planning mechanism employed. Socialist states based on the Soviet model have used central planning, although a minority such as the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia have adopted some degree of market socialism. Market abolitionist socialism replaces factor markets with direct calculation as the means to coordinate the activities of the various socially owned economic enterprises that make up the economy. More recent approaches to socialist planning and allocation have come from some economists and computer scientists proposing planning mechanisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe. The United States transferred $13.3 billion (equivalent to $ in ) in economic recovery programs to Western European economies after the end of World War II in Europe. Replacing an earlier proposal for a Morgenthau Plan, it operated for four years beginning on April 3, 1948, though in 1951, the Marshall Plan was largely replaced by the Mutual Security Act. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-torn regions, remove trade barriers, modernize Manufacturing, industry, improve European prosperity and prevent the spread of communism. The Marshall Plan proposed the reduction of interstate barriers and the economic integration of the Europe, European Continent while also encouraging an increase in productivity as well as the adoption of modern business procedures. The Marshall Plan aid was divided among the participant sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sénart
Sénart (formerly Melun-Sénart) is a new town in southern Île-de-France, covering parts of the departments of France, departments of Seine-et-Marne and Essonne. Education * Institut catholique d'arts et métiers Communes * Combs-la-Ville * Réau * Moissy-Cramayel * Cesson * Lieusaint, Seine-et-Marne, Lieusaint * Nandy, Seine-et-Marne, Nandy * Savigny-le-Temple * Vert-Saint-Denis * Morsang-sur-Seine * Saint-Pierre-du-Perray * Saintry-sur-Seine * Tigery Sénart, Geography of Essonne Geography of Seine-et-Marne New towns in Île-de-France Planned communities established in the 1960s {{IledeFrance-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marne-la-Vallée
Marne-la-Vallée () (English language, English: Marne Valley) is a new town located near Paris, France. Disneyland Paris, Walt Disney Studios Park, Val d'Europe, University of Marne la Vallée, Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, ESIEE Paris, and École des Ponts ParisTech are located in Marne-la-Vallée. Status Marne-la-Vallée has been gradually built up since the first plans in 1965 and now covers an area of over and includes 31 commune in France, communes, in the ''département in France, départements'' of Seine-et-Marne, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne. Total population (2007) is 282,150. For administrative purposes, the area has been divided into four sectors: Demographics As of 1990 fewer than 10,000 persons of East/Southeast Asian origin resided in six communes of Marne-la-Vallée. 26% of the population of Lognes was Asian, and other percentages were 8% in Noisiel, 5-6% in Noisy-le-Grand, and 5-6% in Torcy, Seine-et-Marne, Torcy. In 1982 there were 6,000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cergy-Pontoise
Cergy-Pontoise () is a new town and an agglomeration community in France, in the Val-d'Oise and Yvelines departments, northwest of Paris on the river Oise. It owes its name to two of the communes that it covers, Cergy and Pontoise. Its population is 206,654 (2017), in an area of 84.2 km2. Created in the 1970s, it became an agglomeration community in 2004. Composition , the ''communauté d'agglomération'' Cergy-Pontoise consists of thirteen communes:CA de Cergy-Pontoise (N° SIREN : 249500109) BANATIC, accessed 17 October 2024. * Boisemont * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarcelles
Sarcelles () is a Communes of France, commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero#France, centre of Paris. Sarcelles is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the Val-d'Oise Departments of France, department and the seat of the arrondissement of Sarcelles. History In the south of the commune, during the 1950s and 1960s, vast housing estates were built in order to accommodate ''pieds-noirs'' (French settlers from Algeria) and Jews who had left Algeria due to Algerian War, its war of independence. A few Jews from Egypt settled there after the Suez crisis, and Jews from Tunisia and Morocco settled in Sarcelles after unrest and riots against Jews due to the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War. The Hôtel de Ville, Sarcelles, Hôtel de Ville was built as a private house and was completed in 1885. Transport Sarcelles is served by Garges–Sarcelles station on Paris RER D, RER line D. It is also served by Sarcelles–Saint-Brice statio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Towns
A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve organically. The term ''new town'' refers to planned communities of the new towns movement in particular, New towns in the United Kingdom, mainly in the United Kingdom. It was also common in the European colonization of the Americas to build according to a plan either on fresh ground or on the ruins of earlier Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Native American villages. A model city is a type of planned city designed to a high standard and intended as a model for others to imitate. The term was first used in 1854. Planned capitals A List of purpose-built national capitals, planned capital is a city specially planned, designed and built to be a capital. Several of the world's list of national capitals, national capitals are planned c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Housing Project
Public housing, also known as social housing, refers to Subsidized housing, subsidized or affordable housing provided in buildings that are usually owned and managed by local government, central government, nonprofit organizations or a combination thereof. The details, terminology, definitions of poverty, and other criteria for allocation may vary within different contexts, but the right to renting, rent such a home is generally rationed through some form of means-testing or through administrative measures of housing needs. One can regard social housing as a potential remedy for housing inequality. Within the OECD, social housing represents an average of 7% of national housing stock (2020), ranging from ~34% in the Netherlands to less than 1% in Colombia. In the United States, public housing developments are classified as housing projects that are owned by a housing authority or a low-income (project-based voucher) property. PBV are a component of a public housing agenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Fifth Republic
The Fifth Republic () is France's current republic, republican system of government. It was established on 4 October 1958 by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of France, Constitution of the Fifth Republic.. The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the French Fourth Republic, Fourth Republic, replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential republic, semi-presidential (or dual-executive) system that split powers between a President of France, president as head of state and a Prime Minister of France, prime minister as head of government. Charles de Gaulle, who was the List of Presidents of France#French Fifth Republic (1958–present), first French president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958, believed in a strong head of state, which he described as embodying ("the spirit of the nation"). Under the fifth republic, the president has the right to dissolve the national assembly and hold new parliamentary elections. If the president ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
