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Smoking In Russia
Smoking in Russia includes the use of tobacco in Russia and its predecessor states, as well as tobacco farming, the tobacco and cigarette industries, impact on health, and government regulation. English merchants introduced tobacco to Russia in the 1560s. Tsarist Russia to 1918 Tobacco played a significant role in Russian society under the tsars. English merchants introduced tobacco to Russia in the 1560s. In 1634 the patriarch of Russia condemned smoking and snuff as a mortal sin, and the Tsar criminalized its use. Offenders risked whippings and nose slitting, or even the death penalty. The ban was not well enforced; Tobacco steadily became more popular in elite circles. In the 1690s Peter the Great reversed course, allowed usage, and sold monopoly rights to an English company to import and sell Virginia tobacco. The imperial court now hailed smoking as a welcome sign of development and Westernization. Russians smoked the '' papirosa'', a hollow cardboard tube, extended by a thin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter The Great
Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from to 1721 and subsequently the Russian Empire until his death in 1725, jointly ruling with his elder half-brother, Ivan V until 1696. He is primarily credited with the modernisation of the country, transforming it into a European power. Through a number of successful wars, he captured ports at Azov and the Baltic Sea, laying the groundwork for the Imperial Russian Navy, ending uncontested Swedish supremacy in the Baltic and beginning the Tsardom's expansion into a much larger empire that became a major European power. He led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with ones that were modern, scientific, Westernised and based on the Enlightenment. Peter's reforms had a lastin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apollo-Soyuz (cigarette)
"Apollo-Soyuz" was a Soviet brand of cigarettes which were manufactured by the ''"Java Tobacco Factory"'' in Moscow, Soviet Union, and Philip Morris USA in the United States. Today it is owned and manufactured by the Krasnodar Tobacco Factory, a Russian subsidiary of Altria. History To honor the joint Soviet-American flight of the Soyuz-Apollo, a series of postage stamps and envelopes with the stamp first day covers, postcards, photo albums, as well as cigarettes under the name ''"Apollo-Soyuz"'' with the famous Virginia tobacco from the American company Philip Morris were issued to be made. The brand was introduced for the occasion of the joint Soviet-American Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission in July 1975.«Кто лучше держит марку» // Журнал «Деньги» № 36 (289) от ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prima (cigarette)
Prima is a Russian brand of cigarettes that was manufactured at the Kyiv Tobacco Factory in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic since 1970. Today, it is owned and manufactured in Russia by various tobacco manufacturers. History Prima cigarettes were created by the leadership of the German Labor Front (DAF) during the Reichskommissariat Ukraine, occupation of Ukraine by Germany in the Second World War; the target market was guest workers. The tutu was painted with colors of fascism, fascist symbols and the name was written in the German Blackletter font. In 1970, these cigarettes were produced again in the Soviet Union, becoming popular because of their low price (just 14 Russian ruble, kopeyki) and the quality of their tobacco compared to another popular Russian brand, Belomorkanal. Prima cigarettes are now produced by a number of tobacco factories throughout Russia. Markets Prima cigarettes are sold in the following countries: Moldova, Transnistria, the Estonian Soviet Socia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laika (cigarette)
Laika (''russian: Лайка'') was a Soviet brand of cigarettes, which was manufactured by various Soviet tobacco companies, but most notably the ''"Tabachnaya Fabrika Dukat Moscow"'' and the ''"Tabachnaya Fabrika No.1 Leningrad"''. The brand was named after the dog Laika, the first animal launched into orbit by the USSR. History Laika cigarettes were created in 1957 to honour Laika, a dog sent into space by the Soviet space program. The cigarettes were produced under supervision of the Ministry of Food Industry. The cigarettes were mainly sold in the Soviet Union, but also in the United Kingdom, the People's Republic of Bulgaria and Finland as Duty Free variants. A few TV advertisements were made for Laika cigarettes. It is unknown when the brand was discontinued, but it is speculated that Laika cigarettes were ended when the dissolution of the Soviet Union happened. It is known, however, that the cigarettes were sold up until the 1980s. Packaging The pack is a mixture of bl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jin Ling
Jin Ling is a Russian brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the Kaliningrad-based manufacturer Baltic Tobacco Company (russian: link=yes, Балтийская табачная фабрика, BTC). Other places where this brand is manufactured include Ukraine, Moldova, Cyprus and the United Arab Emirates. History The name is derived from Jinling, the older name of Nanjing, where the brand was originally developed by the Chinese state-owned Nanjing Tobacco Factory. After the brand died out, the Baltic Tobacco Company re-introduced it in 1997. The packet design resembles the American brand Camel in colour, typeface and layout, but instead of a camel, it features a mouflon. Jin Ling cigarettes are only sold illegally and the brand is the first to be designed explicitly for smuggling. It has been reported by customs officials as the "most seized" brand in Europe; in 2007, 258 million Jin Ling cigarettes were seized by authorities in EU countries. In 2017, duri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Java (cigarette)
Java (russian: Ява, translit=Yava) is a Russian brand of cigarettes launched in 1966, currently owned and manufactured by British American Tobacco Russia, a subsidiary of British American Tobacco. History The Java brand was established in 1912. In 1966 was the first in the Soviet Union to produce filtered cigarettes. The composition of Java cigarettes included Indonesian tobacco from the island of Java. Today tobacco varieties are used in various parts of the world. For example, the supply of tobacco is carried out by Brazilian companies for growing tobacco, American, etc. The cigarettes are relatively cheap, but this does not affect the quality. Java comes in four varieties: regular Java, Java New (Novaya), Java Gold (Zolotaya), and Java Export. A pack of Java cigarettes contains of tar and of nicotine. Java Gold was released in 1997. In 2000, British American Tobacco Russia developed a new variant: Java Gold Original. In May 2011, the Java Gold family was supplemente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donskoy Tabak
CJSC «Donskoy Tabak» (also known as «Don Tobacco») is a Russian cigarette and tobacco manufacturing company, located in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. It is a part of the Japan Tobacco — a cigarette manufacturing international company. As of 2018, Donskoy Tabak was Russia's fourth-largest cigarette manufacturer. History Donskoy Tabak is the successor company to a tobacco factory first established by a Russian entrepreneur in 1857 In Rostov-on-Don. In the 1870s, Asmolov's cigarettes won international recognition at Vienna World's Fair, Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, and Paris World's Fair. As a result, Asmolov's tobacco factory became the "Supplier of His Imperial Majesty's Court" for the Russian Emperor. After the Revolution of 1917, the factory was nationalised and renamed into Don State Tobacco Factory (DSTF). In 1992, after the fall of the USSR, the DSTF was privatised by Ivan Savvidis, who had been working at the factory since the 1980s. Savvidis changed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belomorkanal
Belomorkanal (russian: Беломорканал, links=no) is a Russian brand of cigarettes, originally made by the Uritsky tobacco factory in Leningrad, Soviet Union. History Belomorkanal was introduced in 1932 to commemorate the construction of the White Sea–Baltic Canal, also known as the Belomorkanal. Process engineer was the creator of its tobacco blend, and the pack drawing was made by Andrey Tarakanov. Belomorkanal is a cigarette of specific design called in Russian ''papirosa'' ( папироса), different from usual cigarettes. Generally, the cigarette is without a filter. Belomorkanal is an example of one of the stages in the evolution of cigarettes: it is composed of a hollow cardboard tube extended by a thin cigarette paper tube with tobacco. The cardboard tube plays the role of a disposable cigarette holder. This method was abandoned by Western brands shortly after World War II. While smoking, the hollow part of the tube is usually compressed to make two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prevalence Of Tobacco Use
Prevalence of tobacco use is reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), which focuses on cigarette smoking due to reported data limitations. Smoking has therefore been studied more extensively than any other form of consumption. Smoking is generally five times more prevalent among men than women; however, the gender gap differs across countries and is smaller in younger age groups. In developed countries smoking rates for men have peaked and have begun to decline, and also started to stall or decline for women. Smoking prevalence has changed little since the mid-1990s, before which time it declined in English-speaking countries due to the implementation of tobacco control. However, the number of smokers worldwide has increased from 721 million in 1980 to 967 million in 2012 and the number of cigarettes smoked increased from 4.96 trillion to 6.25 trillion due to population growth. In Western countries, smoking is more prevalent among populations with mental health problems, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papirosa
A papirosa (russian: папироса, plural: papirosy) is an implement for tobacco smoking, a variant of cigarettess. It consists of a hollow cardboard tube extended by a thin paper tube filled with tobacco.Tricia A. StarkA Revolutionary Attack on Tobacco: Bolshevik Antismoking Campaigns in the 1920s Am J Public Health. 2017 November; 107(11): 1711–1717, Tricia Starks, ''Smoking under the Tsars. A History of Tobacco in Imperial Russia'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2018, The cardboard tube acts as a cigarette holder and is called in Russian as such: russian: мундштук, from German Mund+Stück, literally, " mouthpiece" Vasmer's ''Etymological Dictionary'' claims that the word is borrowed from Polish '' papieros'' for " cigarette", where it is a portmanteau word "papier-" ("paper") + "-ros", the tail of " cigarros". The inner end of the mouthpiece is cut into dents which are bent to keep tobacco from travelling into the mouth. Modern papirosy can also contain a filte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health". Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, it has six regional offices and 150 field offices worldwide. The WHO was established on 7 April 1948. The first meeting of the World Health Assembly (WHA), the agency's governing body, took place on 24 July of that year. The WHO incorporated the assets, personnel, and duties of the League of Nations' Health Organization and the , including the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Its work began in earnest in 1951 after a significant infusion of financial and technical resources. The WHO's mandate seeks and includes: working worldwide to promote health, keeping the world safe, and serve the vulnerable. It advocates that a billion more people should have: universal health care ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reemtsma
Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH is one of the biggest tobacco and cigarette manufacturing company, manufacturing companies in Europe and a subsidiary of Imperial Brands. The company's headquarters is in Hamburg, Germany. History Reemtsma was created in 1910 in Erfurt, Germany. In 1918, the production was automated. In the twenties, many German cigarette firms went bankrupt, and the market was increasingly dominated by a few large, highly automated manufacturers, such as what Reemtsma became. By 1920, Reetsma had attracted the talents of tobacco expert David Schnur, who became a shareholder and oversaw blending and sourcing. In 1921, the trade mark "R6" was introduced in the market by Hans Domizlaff. In 1923, production was moved to Altona, Hamburg, Altona, now part of the city of Hamburg, where Reemtsma's main headquarters remain. In 1930, Reemtsma took over the Berlin-based ''Mahala Problem Cigarettes, Problem Cigarettes''. In June 1932, Philipp Fürchtegott Reemtsma, head o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
