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Smedley Hydro
Smedley Hydro is a former Victorian hydropathic spa and hotel in Birkdale, Southport, Merseyside, England. The building has been used as a college, hydropathic spa, and hotel and is currently the home of the General Register Office for England and Wales. History Birkdale College Smedley Hydro started out as Birkdale College, with 47 rooms, for the education of young gentlemen. Hotel John Smedley formed the Smedley Hydropathic Company for £25,000 at £5 a share in August 1876. The company purchased the building for £7,500 and extended the building to accommodate 140 visitors as a hotel. The hotel offered luxurious facilities to guests, including a spa which opened on a five-acre site on 1 May 1877, and was the first and only hydropathic hotel in Birkdale and the fourth out of six in Southport to offer hydrotherapy. The resident physician was Dr Barnado. In 1881 the Birkdale Palace Hotel was refurbished and re-opened as a hydropathic spa as a rival to the Smedley. By 1882 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrotherapy
Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy and also called water cure, is a branch of alternative medicine (particularly naturopathy), occupational therapy, and Physical therapy, physiotherapy, that involves the use of water for pain relief and treatment. The term encompasses a broad range of approaches and therapeutic methods that take advantage of the physical properties of water, such as temperature and pressure, to stimulate blood circulation and treat the symptoms of certain diseases. Various therapies used in the present-day hydrotherapy employ water jets, underwater massage and Mineral spa, mineral baths (e.g. balneotherapy, Iodine-Grine therapy, Sebastian Kneipp, Kneipp treatments, Scotch hose, Swiss shower, thalassotherapy) or Bathtub#Whirlpool tubs, whirlpool bath, Thermae, hot Roman bath, hot tub, Jacuzzi, and cold plunge. Hydrotherapy lacks robust evidence supporting its efficacy beyond placebo effects. Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials have constite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birkdale, Southport
Birkdale is an area of Southport, within the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, Merseyside, in the north-west of England. The area is on the Irish Sea coast, and forms the southern part of Southport's built-up area. At the 2021 census, the population of Birkdale (ward), Birkdale ward (which includes Hillside, Merseyside, Hillside) was 12,689. This does not include the area west of the railway line, which is part of Dukes (ward), Duke's ward. History Birkdale probably takes its name from two Old Norse words, ''birki'' meaning "birch-copse" and ''dalr'' meaning "dale" or "valley". The area was developed in the Victorian era; an Ordnance Survey map of 1848 shows the newly built Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway passing through farmland all the way to Southport station, while an 1894 map has Birkdale railway station, Birkdale station surrounded by many streets lined with houses, as well as churches, schools and the Birkdale Palace Hotel, Palace Hotel. Geography Birkdale lies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southport
Southport is a seaside resort, seaside town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton in Merseyside, England. It lies on the West Lancashire Coastal Plain, West Lancashire coastal plain and the east coast of the Irish Sea, approximately north of Liverpool and southwest of Preston, Lancashire, Preston. At the United Kingdom Census 2021, 2021 census, Southport had a population of 94,421, making it the List of North West England cities and metropolitan areas by population, eleventh most populous settlement in North West England and the third most populous settlement in the Liverpool City Region. The town was founded in 1792 by William Sutton (Southport), William Sutton, an innkeeper from Churchtown, Merseyside, Churchtown, who built a bathing house at what is now the south end of Lord Street, Southport, Lord Street.''North Meols and Southport – a History'', Chapter 9, Peter Aughton (1988) The area was previously known as South Hawes, and was sparsely populated and dominated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas John Barnardo
Thomas John Barnardo (4 July 184519 September 1905) was an Irish, Christian philanthropist and founder and director of homes for poor and deprived children. From the foundation of the first Barnardo's home in 1867 to the date of Barnardo's death, nearly 60,000 children had been taken in. Although Barnardo never finished his studies at the London Hospital, he used the title of 'doctor' and later secured a licentiate. Early life Barnardo was born in Dublin, Ireland (then part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland), in 1845. He was the fourth of five children (one died in childbirth) of John Michaelis Barnardo, a furrier who was of Sephardic Jewish descent, and his second wife, Abigail, an English woman and member of the Plymouth Brethren. Sometime before his first marriage in 1827 to Elizabeth O'Brien, John Michaelis emigrated from Prussia via Hamburg to Dublin, where he established a business; he married twice and fathered children with both wives. The Barna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birkdale Palace Hotel
The Birkdale Palace Hotel was a luxury hotel located in the Lancashire coastal resort of Birkdale, Southport, on the north-west coast of England. The building towered over the surrounding area for over a hundred years before being demolished in 1969. During the Second World War it had been used as a rehabilitation centre for US airmen, and in the last two years of existence was used as a film location. The Palace is notorious in local folklore as a haunted hotel. 1866 Leo H Grindon, author of ''Summer Rambles In Cheshire, Derbyshire, Lancashire and Yorkshire'' writes of his visit to the Palace Hotel:"Over 700 species of our native plants are to be found there; nearly a hundred kinds of shells may be collected upon the sands, along with at least a score of Crustaceans and Annelids, and the fresh-water shells amount to at least thirty. Especially rich are the low wet sandy grounds that lie beyond Birkdale, and the plateaux that occur among the sand-hills beyond that noble edifice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victorian Turkish Baths
The Victorian Turkish bath is a type of bath in which the bather sweats freely in hot dry air, is then washed, often massaged, and has a cold wash or shower. It can also mean, especially when used in the plural, an establishment where such a bath is available. Hot-air baths of the same type, built after Queen Victoria's reign (1837–1901), are known as ''Victorian-style Turkish baths'', and are also covered in this article. The Victorian Turkish bath became popular during the latter third of the queen's reign. It retained this popularity during the Edwardian era, Edwardian years (1901–1914), first as a therapy and a means of personal cleansing, and then as a place for relaxation and enjoyment. It was very soon copied in several parts of the British Empire, in the United States of America, and in some Western European countries. Victorian Turkish baths were opened as small commercial businesses, and later by those local authorities that saw them as being permitted under the Bath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VE Day
Victory in Europe Day is the day celebrating the formal acceptance by the Allies of World War II of Germany's unconditional surrender of its armed forces on Tuesday, 8 May 1945; it marked the official surrender of all German military operations. Most former Soviet countries, and some others, celebrate on 9 May, as Germany's unconditional surrender entered into force at 23:01 on 8 May Central European Summer Time; this corresponded with 00:01 on 9 May in Moscow Time. Several countries observe public holidays on the day each year, also called Victory Over Fascism Day, Liberation Day, or Victory Day. In the UK, it is often abbreviated to VE Day, a term which existed as early as September 1944, in anticipation of victory. History Adolf Hitler, the Nazi leader, had committed suicide on 30 April during the Battle of Berlin, and Germany's surrender was authorised by his successor, '' Reichspräsident'' Karl Dönitz. The administration headed by Dönitz was known as the Flensb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Registration Act 1939
The National Registration Act 1939 ( 2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 91) was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom. The initial National Registration Bill was introduced to Parliament as an emergency measure at the start of the Second World War. The act provided for the establishment of a constantly-maintained national register of the civilian population of the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man, and for the issuance of identity cards based on data held in the register, and required civilians to present their identity cards on demand to police officers and other authorised persons. Following the passing of the act by Parliament on 5 September 1939, registrations and the issuing of identity cards commenced on 29 September. Registration and identity cards Every man, woman and child had to carry an identity (ID) card at all times and the cards would include the following information: *Name *Sex *Date of birth (and thus age) *Occupation, profession, trade or employment. The Register had a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rationing In The United Kingdom
Rationing was introduced temporarily by the British government several times during the 20th century, during and immediately after a war. At the start of the Second World War in 1939, the United Kingdom was importing 20 million long tons of food per year, including about 70% of its cheese and sugar, almost 80% of fruit and about 70% of cereals and fats. The UK also imported more than half of its meat and relied on imported feed to support its domestic meat production. The civilian population of the country was about 50 million. It was one of the principal strategies of the Germans in the Battle of the Atlantic to attack shipping bound for Britain, restricting British industry and potentially starving the nation into submission. To deal with sometimes extreme shortages, the Ministry of Food instituted a system of rationing. To buy most rationed items, each person had to register at chosen shops and was provided with a ration book containing coupons. The shopkeeper was prov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NHS Number
NHS numbers are the unique numbers allocated in a shared numbering scheme to registered users of the three public health services in England, Wales and the Isle of Man. It is the key to the identification of patients, especially in delivering safe care across provider organisations, and is required in all new software deployed within these National Health Services (NHS). History "New NHS numbers" were allocated to every newborn from July 1995, generally introduced in 1996, and became mandatory on 1 April 1997. This replaced the previous system founded on wartime identity card numbers, which in England and Wales used letters and digits (e.g. JRDAN 269); Scotland used numbers based on households with individuals further identified within the household (e.g. STUV123:3), and this meant that it was hard to validate a specific number. The numerical part of ID/NHS numbers allocated to people born after the Second World War in England and Wales matched the birth register entry number (i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Health Service
The National Health Service (NHS) is the term for the publicly funded health care, publicly funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom: the National Health Service (England), NHS Scotland, NHS Wales, and Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland) which was created separately and is often referred to locally as "the NHS". The original three systems were established in 1948 (NHS Wales/GIG Cymru was founded in 1969) as part of major social reforms following the Second World War. The founding principles were that services should be comprehensive, universal and free at the point of delivery. Each service provides a comprehensive range of health services, provided without charge for residents of the United Kingdom apart from dental treatment and optical care. In England, NHS patients have to pay prescription charges; some, such as those aged over 60, or those on certain state benefits, are exempt. Taken together, the four services in 2015–16 employed around 1.6 million people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
