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Slime Flux
Slime flux, also known as bacterial slime or bacterial wetwood, is a bacterial disease of certain trees, primarily elm, cottonwood, poplar, boxelder, ash, aspen, fruitless mulberry and oak. A wound to the bark, caused by pruning, insects, poor branch angles or natural cracks and splits, causes sap to ooze from the wound. Bacteria may infect this sap causing it to darken and stain the bark, eventually taking on a foamy appearance and unpleasant odor. This slimy ooze becomes toxic to the bark and eats into the tree. The fermented sap attracts insects like flies, ants, and maggots. Cause Slime flux occurs when a wound is made in a tree trunk through things such as natural growth cracks, frost, insects, birds, lawn mowers, cat scratches, or pruning wounds, which causal bacteria can enter. Once inside the xylem, the internal pressure of the tree is raised, from the normal range of up to , due to bacteria fermenting and emitting a gas mixture of methane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camperdown Elm
The Wych Elm cultivar ''Ulmus glabra'' 'Camperdownii', commonly known as the Camperdown Elm, was discovered about 1835–1840 (often mis-stated as '1640') as a young contorted elm (a sport) growing in the forest at Camperdown House, in Dundee, Scotland, by the Earl of Camperdown's head forester, David Taylor. The young tree was lifted and replanted within the gardens of Camperdown House where it remains to this day. The original tree, which grows on its own roots, is less than 3 m tall, with a weeping habit and contorted branch structure. The earl's gardener is said to have produced the first of what are commonly recognised as Camperdown elms by grafting a cutting to the trunk of a wych elm (''U. glabra''). Henry and Bean record that in early days both 'Camperdownii' and a reportedly similar-looking cultivar called 'Serpentina' were marketed as ''U. montana pendula nova''.Bean, W. J. (1981). ''Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain'', 7th edition. Murray, England, p. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corynebacterium
''Corynebacterium'' () is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria and most are aerobic. They are bacilli (rod-shaped), and in some phases of life they are, more specifically, club-shaped, which inspired the genus name ('' coryneform'' means "club-shaped"). They are widely distributed in nature in the microbiota of animals (including the human microbiota) and are mostly innocuous, most commonly existing in commensal relationships with their hosts. Some, such as '' C. glutamicum'', are commercially and industrially useful. Others can cause human disease, including, most notably, diphtheria, which is caused by '' C. diphtheriae''. Like various species of microbiota (including their relatives in the genera '' Arcanobacterium'' and '' Trueperella''), they are usually not pathogenic, but can occasionally capitalize opportunistically on atypical access to tissues (via wounds) or weakened host defenses. Taxonomy The genus ''Corynebacterium'' was created by Lehmann and Neumann in 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Altingiaceae
Altingiaceae is a small Family (biology), family of flowering plants in the Order (biology), order Saxifragales,Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Altingiaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) consisting of Anemophily, wind-pollinated trees that produce hard, woody fruits containing numerous seeds. The fruits have been studied in considerable detail.Stephanie M. Ickert-Bond, Kathleen B. Pigg, and Jun Wen. 2005. "Comparative infructescence morphology in ''Liquidambar'' (Altingiaceae) and its evolutionary significance". ''American Journal of Botany'' 92(8):1234-1255.Stephanie M. Ickert-Bond, Kathleen B. Pigg, and Jun Wen. 2007. "Comparative infructescence morphology in ''Altingia'' (Altingiaceae) and discordance between morphological and molecular phylogenies". ''American Journal of Botany'' 94(7):1094-1115. They Indigenous (ecology), naturally occur in Central America, Mexico, eastern North America, the eastern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. Phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family (, : ) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". The delineation of what constitutes a family—or whether a described family should be acknowledged—is established and decided upon by active taxonomists. There are not strict regulations for outlining or acknowledging a family, yet in the realm of plants, these classifications often rely on both the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plant species. Taxonomists frequently hold varying perspectives on these descriptions, leading to a lack of widespread consensus within the scientific community ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prototheca
''Prototheca'' is a genus of algae in the family Chlorellaceae. While this genus is a member of the green algae, all ''Prototheca'' no longer have chloroplasts and therefore their photosynthetic ability. Some species can cause protothecosis in humans and various vertebrates. Etymology From the Greek ''proto''- (first) + ''thēkē'' (sheath), ''Prototheca'' is a genus of variably shaped spherical cells of achloric algae in the family Chlorellaceae. Wilhelm Krüger, a German expert in plant physiology and sugar production, reported ''Prototheca'' microorganisms in 1894, shortly after spending 7 years in Java studying sugarcane. He isolated ''Prototheca'' species from the sap of 3 tree species. Krüger named these organisms as ''P. moriformis'' and ''P. zopfii'', the second name as a tribute to Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf, a renowned botanist, mycologist, and lichenologist. Biology ''Prototheca'' consists of microscopic, single cells, which may sometimes be clustered to form irre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luteimonas Aestuarii
''Luteimonas aestuarii'' is a species of yellow-pigmented bacteria. It is Gram-negative Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists ... and rod-shaped, and its type strain is B9(T) (= KCTC 22048(T), DSM 19680(T)). References Further reading *Whitman, William B., et al., eds. ''Bergey’s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology''. Vol. 2. Springer, 2012. External links *LPSN Xanthomonadale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paracoccus (bacterium)
''Paracoccus'' is a genus of bacteria in the family ''Paracoccaceae'' (previously in the family ''Rhodobacteraceae'').See the National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI]webpage on Paracoccus Data extracted from the Species Accepted species The following species have been effectively and validly published: * ''Paracoccus acridae'' Zhang ''et al''. 2016 * ''Paracoccus aeridis'' Rai ''et al''. 2020 * ''Paracoccus aerius'' Xue ''et al''. 2017 * ''Paracoccus aerodenitrificans'' Zhang et al. 2023 * ''Paracoccus aestuarii'' Roh ''et al''. 2009 * ''Paracoccus aestuariivivens'' Park ''et al''. 2016 * ''Paracoccus albicereus'' He ''et al''. 2023 * ''Paracoccus albus'' Zhang ''et al''. 2023 * ''Paracoccus alcaliphilus'' Urakami ''et al''. 1989 * ''Paracoccus alimentarius'' Kim ''et al''. 2018 * ''Paracoccus alkanivorans'' Zhang ''et al''. 2020 * ''Paracoccus alkenifer'' Lipski ''et al''. 1998 * ''Paracoccus aminophilus'' Urakami ''et al''. 1990 * ''Paracoccus aminovorans'' Urakam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brevundimonas Bullata
The ''Brevundimonas'' are a genus of bacteria. They are Gram-negative, non-fermenting, aerobic bacilli. The ''Brevundimonas'' species are ubiquitous in the environment but are rarely isolated from clinical samples., although numbers are increasing. Two species of ''Brevundimonas'' originally classified under the genus ''Pseudomonas'' have been re-classified by Seger et al. as ''Brevundimonas vesicularis'' and ''Brevundimonas diminuta''. Etymology The name ''Brevundimonas'' derives from: Latin adjective ''brevis'', short; Latin feminine gender noun ''unda'', a wave; Latin feminine gender noun '' monas (μονάς)'', nominally meaning "a unit", but in effect meaning a bacterium; Neo-Latin feminine gender In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages wit ... noun ''Brevundimonas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methanobacterium
''Methanobacterium'' is a genus of the ''Methanobacteria'' class in the Archaea kingdom, which produce methane as a metabolic byproduct. Despite the name, this genus belongs not to the bacterial domain but the archaeal domain (for instance, they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls). ''Methanobacterium'' are nonmotile and live without oxygen, which is toxic to them, and they only inhabit anoxic environments. A shared trait by all methanogens is their ability to recycle products. They can use the products of metabolic activities occurring during methanogenesis as substrates for the formation of methane. ''Methanobacterium'' species typically thrive in environments with optimal growth temperatures ranging from 28 to 40 °C, and in versatile ecological ranges. They are a part of the scientific world that is still relatively unknown, but methanogens are thought to be some of earth's earliest life forms. They do not create endospores when nutrients are limited. They are ub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactobacillus
''Lactobacillus'' is a genus of gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. Until 2020, the genus ''Lactobacillus'' comprised over 260 phylogenetically, ecologically, and metabolically diverse species; a taxonomic revision of the genus assigned lactobacilli to 25 genera (see below). ''Lactobacillus'' species constitute a significant component of the human and animal microbiota at a number of body sites, such as the digestive system and the female genital system. In women of European ancestry, ''Lactobacillus'' species are normally a major part of the vaginal microbiota. ''Lactobacillus'' forms biofilms in the vaginal and gut microbiota, allowing them to persist in harsh environmental conditions and maintain ample populations. ''Lactobacillus'' exhibits a mutualistic relationship with the human body, as it protects the host against potential invasions by pathogens, and in turn, the host provides a source of nutrients ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klebsiella
''Klebsiella'' is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria with a prominent polysaccharide-based capsule. ''Klebsiella'' is named after German-Swiss microbiologist Edwin Klebs (1834–1913). Carl Friedlander described ''Klebsiella'' bacillus which is why it was termed ''Friedlander bacillus'' for many years. The species of ''Klebsiella'' are all gram-negative and usually non-motile. They tend to be shorter and thicker when compared to others in the family Enterobacteriaceae. ''Klebsiella'' species are found everywhere in nature. This is thought to be due to distinct sublineages developing specific niche adaptations, with associated biochemical adaptations which make them better suited to a particular environment. They can be found in water, soil, plants, insects and other animals including humans, including as part of the human and animal's normal flora in the nose, mouth and intestines. List of species * ''K. aerogenes'', previously known as ''Enter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
