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Six-hour Day
The six-hour day is a schedule by which the employees or other members of an institution (which may also be, for example, a school) spend six hours contributing. This is in contrast to the widespread eight-hour day, or any other time arrangement. It has also been proposed as a better alternative to the four-day week, another proposed way to reduce working time. By country Australia In Australia, the six-hour day and four-day week is supported by the Australian Greens. The Communist Party of Australia advocates for a reduced working week (35 hours). Finland In 2020, the Finnish Prime Minister Sanna Marin advocated for a change towards implementing a six-hour working day. The result of a Finnish study showed positive effects. The Communist Party of Finland is advocating for six-hour working day too. Italy The Communist Party (Italy) advocates for a six-hour workday. Norway The Red Party (Norway) has advocated for a six-hour workday. Sweden The 6 hour workday ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eight-hour Day
The eight-hour day movement (also known as the 40-hour week movement or the short-time movement) was a social movement to regulate the length of a working day, preventing excesses and abuses of working time. The modern movement originated in the Industrial Revolution in Britain, where industrial production in large factories transformed working life. At that time, the working day could range from 10 to 16 hours, the work week was typically six days, and child labour was common. Since the 19th century, the eight-hour workday has been gradually adopted in various countries and industries, with widespread adoption occurring in the first half of the 20th century. History Sixteenth century In 1594, Philip II of Spain established an eight-hour work day for the construction workers in the American Viceroyalties by a royal edict known as '' Ordenanzas de Felipe II'', or Ordinances of Philip II. This established: An exception was applied to mine workers, whose work day was limi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Left Party (Sweden)
The Left Party ( , V) is a socialist political party in Sweden. On economic issues, the party opposes privatisations and advocates for increased public expenditures. In foreign policy, the party is Eurosceptic, being critical of the European Union, NATO and opposing Sweden’s entry into the eurozone. It attempted to get Sweden to join the Non-Aligned Movement in 1980, but did not succeed. The party is eco-socialist, and supports republicanism. It stands on the left-wing of the political spectrum. The party has never been part of a government at the national level; however, it has lent parliamentary support to governments led in the Riksdag by the Swedish Social Democratic Party. From 1998 to 2006, the Left Party was in a confidence and supply arrangement with the ruling Social Democrats and the Green Party. Between 2014 and 2018, it supported the minority government of Social Democrats and Greens in the Riksdag, extending this cooperation to many of Sweden's counties and mun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Working Time
Working time or laboring time is the period of time that a person spends at paid Wage labour, labor. Unpaid work, Unpaid labor such as personal housework or caring for children or pets is not considered part of the working week. Many countries regulate the work week by law, such as stipulating minimum daily Break (work), rest periods, annual Civic holiday, holidays, and a Eight-hour day, maximum number of working hours per week. Working time may vary from person to person, often depending on economic conditions, location, culture, lifestyle choice, and the profitability of the individual's livelihood. For example, someone who is supporting children and paying a large mortgage might need to work more hours to meet basic cost of living, costs of living than someone of the same earning power with lower housing costs. In developed countries like the United Kingdom, some workers are part-time because they are unable to find full-time work, but many choose reduced work hours to care ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three-Day Week
The Three-Day Week was one of several measures introduced in the United Kingdom in 1973–1974 by Edward Heath's Conservative government to conserve electricity, the generation of which was severely restricted owing to industrial action by coal miners and railway workers. From 1 January 1974, commercial users of electricity were limited to three specified consecutive days' consumption each week and prohibited from working longer hours on those days. Services deemed essential (e.g. hospitals, data centres, supermarkets and newspaper printing presses) were exempt. Television companies were required to cease broadcasting at 22:30 to conserve electricity, although this restriction was dropped after a general election was called. The Three-Day Week restrictions were lifted on 7 March 1974. The measure was a major disaster for the Heath government, contributing to the losses in both the February election and the subsequent October election. Following the losses Margaret Thatcher cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four-day Workweek
A four-day workweek is an arrangement where a workplace or place of education has its employees or students work or attend school, college or university over the course of four days per week rather than the more customary five-day workweek. This arrangement can be a part of flexible working hours, and is sometimes used to cost cutting, cut costs. The four-day week movement has grown considerably in recent years, with increasing numbers of businesses and organisations around the world trialling and moving permanently to a four-day working week of around 32 hours, with no less pay for workers. Most of these businesses and organisations have involved White-collar worker, white collar work, and found that a four-day week is a win-win for employees and employers, as trials have indicated that it leads to a better work-life balance, lower stress-levels, and increased productivity, mainly by eliminating wasted work time. An overwhelming majority of studies report that a four-day week le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
35-hour Workweek
The 35-hour workweek is a labour reform policy adopted in France in February 2000, under Prime Minister Lionel Jospin's Plural Left government. Promoted by Minister of Labour Martine Aubry, it was adopted in two phases: the ''Aubry 1'' law in June 1998 and the ''Aubry 2'' law in January 2000. The previous legal working week was 39 hours, established by President François Mitterrand, also a member of the Socialist Party. The 35-hour working week had been on the Socialist Party's 1981 electoral program, titled 110 Propositions for France, but was not pursued because of the poor state of the economy. Time worked after the standard legal limit of 35 hours is considered overtime. The reform's aim is primarily to lower the unemployment rate, then at a record high of 12.5%, by encouraging the creation of jobs with work sharing. Objectives The main stated objectives of the law were to create new jobs, by making it more cost effective to hire an additional worker than to pay curr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Critique Of Work
Critique of work or critique of labour is the critique of, or wish to abolish, work ''as such'', and to critique what the critics of works deem wage slavery. Critique of work can be existential, and focus on how labour can be and/or feel meaningless, and stands in the way for self-realisation. But the critique of work can also highlight how excessive work may cause harm to nature, the productivity of society, and/or society itself. The critique of work can also take on a more utilitarian In ethical philosophy, utilitarianism is a family of normative ethical theories that prescribe actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the affected individuals. In other words, utilitarian ideas encourage actions that lead to the ... character, in which work simply stands in the way for human happiness as well as health. History Many thinkers have critiqued and wished for the abolishment of labour as early as in Ancient Greece.Cross. G. social research,Vol 72:No 2: Summer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Party Of Labour
The Swiss Party of Labour (; ; ; ) is a communist party in Switzerland. History The party was founded in 1944 by the illegal Communist Party of Switzerland. On 21 May, the constituent conference of the Basel Federation of the party was held. On 14–15 October the same year, the first Party Congress of the party was held in Zürich, with Léon Nicole elected to the role of President and Karl Hofmaier to General Secretary. On 6–7 October 1945, the Second Congress was held in Geneva. By this time the party had 20 000 members. On 30 November to 1 December, the 3rd Congress was held in Zürich. On 27 July a Swiss Party Conference was held in Bern, in which Karl Hofmaier was removed from his position as a result of a financial scandal. In the national elections of 1947 the party received 5.1% of the vote. On 4–6 July 1949, the 4th Congress was held, during which steps to strengthen the organization as a Cadre Party were taken. As a result of this Congress, Edgar Woog was elec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arbetaren
''Arbetaren'' () is a Swedish syndicalist newspaper. Founded in 1922, it has been published by the Central Organisation of Swedish Workers (SAC), an anarcho-syndicalist trade union federation, first as a daily newspaper, then as a weekly magazine since 1958. The editor-in-chief of ''Arbetaren'' sits on the administrative body of the SAC. During World War II, ''Arbetaren'' came under sustained political repression by the Swedish government. Although it was never formally banned, its issues were frequently seized by police immediately after publication. According to Gabriel Kuhn, it was the "most confiscated Swedish journal during World War II". Its editor-in-chief, Birger Svahn, was detained in an internment camps Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simp ... during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue-collar Worker
A blue-collar worker is a person who performs manual labour, manual labor or Tradesman, skilled trades. Blue-collar work may involve skilled or unskilled labor. The type of work may involve manufacturing, retail, Warehouse, warehousing, mining, carpentry, electricity generation, electrical work, Janitor, custodial work, agriculture, logging, landscaping, food processing, Sanitation worker, waste collection and disposal, construction worker, construction, shipping, and many other types of physical work. Blue-collar work often involves something being physically built or maintained. In social status, blue-collar workers generally belong to the working class. In contrast, the white-collar worker typically performs work in an office environment and may involve sitting at a computer or desk. A third type of work is a service worker (Pink-collar worker, pink collar) whose labor is related to customer interaction, entertainment, sales or other service-oriented work — particularly thos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party (Sweden)
The Communist Party (, K) is a Marxist–Leninist political party in Sweden started in 1970. From 1970 to 1977, it was known as the Communist League Marxist–Leninists (Revolutionaries) (, KFML(r)) and from 1977 to 2004 as the Communist Party Marxist–Leninists (Revolutionaries) (, KPML(r)). At the 14th Party Congress held in Gothenburg in January 2005, it was decided to change the name to the current one. KFML(r) was unofficially founded in 1970 by a splinter group from the pro- Chinese KFML, which in turn had split from the Eurocommunist Left Party in 1967. "The (r)s" (''"(r)-arna"'') considered that KFML had approached reformism and was not a genuine workers' movement. In 1970, it began publishing the weekly '' Proletären'' (''The Proletarian''), and the group was officially registered as a political party in 1977. During the 1980s, KPML(r) achieved representation in some municipalities, including Gothenburg, Sweden's second-largest city. The Gothenburg region has always ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Sweden (1995)
The Communist Party of Sweden () is a Marxist–Leninist communist party in Sweden and continuation of Workers' Party – The Communists (, APK). History The Flamman group, an orthodox pro-Soviet section within Left Party – The Communists (''Vänsterpartiet Kommunisterna''), emerged as an internal fraction when C.-H. Hermansson took over as party leader and distanced the party from Moscow. The group was centered on the party newspaper '' Norrskensflamman'' ('The Flame of the Aurora Borealis'; usually just called ''Flamman''), the regional party publication in Norrbotten County. The fraction worked as a parallel party centre, and relations between it and the party leadership soured. At the party congress in 1975, when Hermansson stepped down as party leader, the ''Flamman'' group launched Rolf Hagel as its candidate for the party leadership. Hagel was defeated by Lars Werner with 162 votes against 74. In the same year the ''Flamman''-sympathizers were expelled from '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
