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Sister Maurina
Sister Maurina O.S.F. (1926–2011), born Maurina Borges da Silveira, was a Brazilian Roman Catholic Franciscan Sister. She was the only Religious Sister to be arrested and tortured during the period of Brazil's military dictatorship (1964–1985). YAMADA, Gabriela and CASTRO, Danielle"Madre não teve filho" ''Gazeta de Ribeirão'', March 11, 2008. Accessed April 7, 2009. . '' Época'', September 21, 1998. Early life Silveira was born into a humble family in . She was raised in the community of Perdizinha, in the municipality of[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perdizes, Minas Gerais
Perdizes is a Brazilian municipality located in the west of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 16,321 people living in a total area of 2,450 km². The city belongs to the meso-region of Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba and to the micro-region of Araxá. It became a municipality in 1938. Geography Perdizes is located at an elevation of 830 meters, 95 km. southeast of Uberlândia and south of the Nova Ponte Reservoir. Neighboring municipalities are: Patrocínio (N), Serra do Salitre (NE), Ibiá (E), Araxá (SE), Uberaba (S), Santa Juliana and Pedrinópolis (W). Communications and distances Perdizes is connected to both Araxá and Uberlândia by national highway BR-462. The distance to Araxá is 46 kilometers; Pedrinópolis is 35 km; Uberaba is 95 km. The distance to the state capital, Belo Horizonte, is 480 km. Economic activities The GDP in 2005 was approximately R$195 million, with 22 million reais from taxes, 84 mill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ribeirão Preto
Ribeirão Preto (Portuguese pronunciation: Help:IPA/Portuguese, [ʁibejˈɾɐ̃w ˈpɾetu]) is a city and a metropolitan area located in the northeastern region of São Paulo (state), São Paulo state, Brazil. Ribeirão Preto is the eighth-largest municipality in the State with . It has an estimated population of 720,216 in 2021 and a metropolitan area of 1,178,910. It is located from the São Paulo, city of São Paulo and from Brasília, the federal capital. Its mean altitude is high. The city's average temperature throughout the year is , and the original predominant vegetation is the Atlantic Forest. The city originated around 1856 as an agricultural region. Coffee was a primary income source until 1929 when it lost value when compared with the industrial sector. In the second half of the 20th century, investment in health, biotechnology, bioenergy, and information technology led to the city being declared a Technological Center in 2010. These activities have caused the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in the south. The Japanese archipelago consists of four major islands—Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu—and List of islands of Japan, thousands of smaller islands, covering . Japan has a population of over 123 million as of 2025, making it the List of countries and dependencies by population, eleventh-most populous country. The capital of Japan and List of cities in Japan, its largest city is Tokyo; the Greater Tokyo Area is the List of largest cities, largest metropolitan area in the world, with more than 37 million inhabitants as of 2024. Japan is divided into 47 Prefectures of Japan, administrative prefectures and List of regions of Japan, eight traditional regions. About three-quarters of Geography of Japan, the countr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist
Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products in society based on need.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." A communist society entails the absence of private property and social classes, and ultimately money and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a libertarian socialist approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and an authoritarian socialist, vanguardist, or party-driven approach to establish a socialist state, which is expected to wither away. Communist parties have been described as radi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rape
Rape is a type of sexual assault involving sexual intercourse, or other forms of sexual penetration, carried out against a person without consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority, or against a person who is incapable of giving valid consent, such as one who is unconscious, incapacitated, has an intellectual disability, or is below the legal age of consent ( statutory rape). The term ''rape'' is sometimes casually used interchangeably with the term ''sexual assault''. The rate of reporting, prosecuting and convicting for rape varies between jurisdictions. Internationally, the incidence of rapes recorded by the police during 2008 ranged, per 100,000 people, from 0.2 in Azerbaijan to 92.9 in Botswana with 6.3 in Lithuania as the median. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archdiocese Of São Paulo
In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associated in a larger unit, the diocese (Latin ''dioecesis'', from the Greek term διοίκησις, meaning "administration"). Christianity was given legal status in 313 with the Edict of Milan. Churches began to organize themselves into dioceses based on the civil dioceses, not on the larger regional imperial districts. These dioceses were often smaller than the provinces. Christianity was declared the Empire's official religion by Theodosius I in 380. Constantine I in 318 gave litigants the right to have court cases transferred from the civil courts to the bishops. This situation must have hardly survived Julian, 361–363. Episcopal courts are not heard of again in the East until 398 and in the West in 408. The quality of these courts was l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paulo Evaristo Arns
Paulo Evaristo Arns OFM (; 14 September 1921 – 14 December 2016) was a Brazilian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of São Paulo from 1970 to 1998. He was named a cardinal in 1973 and later became protopriest. He was a member of the Order of Friars Minor. His ministry began with a twenty-year academic career, and as Archbishop of Sao Paulo Archdiocese was a relentless opponent of Brazil's military dictatorship and its use of torture. He was also an advocate for the poor and a vocal defender of liberation theology. In his later years he openly criticized the way Pope John Paul II governed the Catholic Church through the Roman Curia and questioned his teaching on priestly celibacy and other issues. Early life and education Paulo Steiner Arns was born as the fifth of thirteen children of the German immigrants Gabriel and Helana (née Steiner) Arns. Three of his sisters would later become nuns and one of his brothers a Franciscan. One of his sisters, Zilda Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal (Catholic)
A cardinal is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. Cardinals are chosen and formally created by the pope, and typically hold the title for life. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals. The most solemn responsibility of the cardinals is to elect a new pope in a conclave, almost always from among themselves, with a few historical exceptions, when the Holy See is vacant. During the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor, the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to participate in a conclave is limited to cardinals who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. With the pope, cardinals collectively participate in papal consistories, in which matters of import ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excommunication
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular those of being in Koinonia, communion with other members of the congregation, and of receiving the sacraments. It is practiced by all of the ancient churches (such as the Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodox churches and the Eastern Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodox churches) as well as by other Christian denominations; however, it is also used more generally to refer to similar types of institutional religious exclusionary practices and shunning among other religious groups. The Amish have also been known to excommunicate members that were either seen or known for breaking rules, or questioning the church, a practice known as shunning. Jehovah's Witnesses use the term disfellowship to refer to their form of excommunication. The word ''excommunication'' means putting a specific indiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Archdiocese Of Ribeirão Preto
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ribeirão Preto () is an archdiocese located in the city of Ribeirão Preto in Brazil. Bishop Moacir Silva, until then serving as the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of São José dos Campos, was named to serve as the next Metropolitan Archbishop-elect of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ribeirão Preto by Pope Francis on Wednesday, April 24, 2013. He is the tenth ordinary and eighth Archbishop, and succeeds Archbishop Joviano de Lima Júnior, S.S.S., a Pope Benedict appointee who had died in office in June 2012. Silva was born on July 16, 1954, in São José dos Campos, Brazil, in Sao Paulo State, the see city of the Roman Catholic Diocese of São José dos Campos which he eventually headed. He completed preparatory studies at the Minor Seminary of Taubate, Brazil, and then completed his undergraduate philosophy studies at the Bom Jesus Seminary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Aparecida in Aparecida, Brazil. Archbishop-elect Sil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Friars Minor
The Order of Friars Minor (commonly called the Franciscans, the Franciscan Order, or the Seraphic Order; Post-nominal letters, postnominal abbreviation OFM) is a Mendicant orders, mendicant Catholic religious order, founded in 1209 by Francis of Assisi. The order adheres to the teachings and spiritual disciplines of the founder and of his main associates and followers, such as Clare of Assisi, Anthony of Padua, and Elizabeth of Hungary, among many others. The Order of Friars Minor is the largest of the contemporary Religious institute#Categorization, First Orders within the Franciscan movement. Francis began preaching around 1207 and traveled to Rome to seek approval of his order from Pope Innocent III in 1209. The original Rule of Saint Francis approved by the pope disallowed ownership of property, requiring members of the order to beg for food while preaching. The austerity was meant to emulate the life and ministry of Jesus Christ. Franciscans traveled and preached in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pau De Arara
''Pau de arara'' () is a torture method in which the victim is bound by the ankles and wrists, with the biceps under a pole and knees over it. The pau de arara torture method was widely used by during the Brazilian military dictatorship, military dictatorship in Brazil. It was previously used during World War II by Wilhelm Boger at Auschwitz concentration camp, where it came to be known as the "Boger swing". Name ''Pau de arara'' is a Portuguese language, Portuguese term that literally translates to "macaw's perch". The term originates from bird sellers' practice of tying the birds to a perch, where they also hang for transportation. Torture technique ''Pau de arara'' is a physical torture technique designed to cause severe joint and muscle pain, as well as headaches and psychological trauma. The technique consists of a bar placed between the victim's biceps and the backs of their knees while their ankles and wrists are tied together. The bar is then suspended between two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
