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Sistani People
The Sistani Persians () (also known as the Sistanis, Sajestani, and historically referred to Sagzi) are a branch of the Persian people who mainly live in Iranian Sistan in southeastern Iran. They inhabit the northern parts of Sistan and Balouchistan province, where they form minority. In recent decades, many Sistani people have also migrated to other parts of Iran, such as the provinces of Tehran and Golestan in northern Iran. Sistanis speak a dialect of Persian known as Sistani. Etymology Sistanis derive their name from ''Sakastan'' ("the land of the Saka"). The Sakas were a Scythian tribe migrated to the Iranian Plateau. The more ancient Old Persian name of the region – prior to Saka dominance – was ''Zaranka'' or ''Drangiana'' ("waterland"). This older form is also the root of the name Zaranj, capital of the Afghan Nimruz Province. The Drangians were listed among the peoples ruled by the legendary King Ninus before the Achaemenids. Its people were Zoroastrian. Sistan had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamoun Lake
Lake Hāmūn (, ''Daryāche-ye Hāmūn''; ), or the Hamoun Oasis, is a seasonal lake and wetlands in the Endorheic basin, endorheic Sistan Basin, Sīstān Basin in the Sistan region on the Afghanistan–Iran border. In Iran, it is also known as ''Hāmūn-e Helmand'', ''Hāmūn-e Hīrmand'', or ''Daryāche-ye Sīstān'' ("Lake Sīstān"). ''Hamun, Hāmūn'' is a generic term which refers to shallow lakes (or lagoons), usually seasonal, that occur in the deserts of southeast Iran and adjacent areas of Afghanistan and Pakistan as a product of snowmelt in nearby mountains in spring. The term Hāmūn Lake (or Lake Hāmūn) equally applies to ''Hāmūn-e Helmand'' (entirely in Iran), as well to the shallow lakes Hāmūn-e Sabari and Hāmūn-e Puzak, which extend into the territory of present-day Afghanistan with the latter almost entirely inside Afghanistan. The Hamun is fed by numerous seasonal water tributaries; the main tributary is the Perennial stream, perennial Helmand River, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran border, west, Turkmenistan to the Afghanistan–Turkmenistan border, northwest, Uzbekistan to the Afghanistan–Uzbekistan border, north, Tajikistan to the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border, northeast, and China to the Afghanistan–China border, northeast and east. Occupying of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains Afghan Turkestan, in the north and Sistan Basin, the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range. Kabul is the country's capital and largest city. Demographics of Afghanistan, Afghanistan's population is estimated to be between 36 and 50 million. Ancient history of Afghanistan, Human habitation in Afghanistan dates to the Middle Paleolithic era. Popularly referred to as the graveyard of empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rashidun
The Rashidun () are the first four caliphs () who led the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad: Abu Bakr (), Umar (), Uthman (), and Ali (). The reign of these caliphs, called the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), is considered in Sunni Islam to have been 'rightly guided' (Arabic: ), meaning that it constitutes a model ( ) to be followed and emulated from a religious point of view. History The first four caliphs who succeeded Muhammad are known as the Rashidun (rightly-guided) Caliphs. # Abu Bakr (; ) # Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ) – often known simply as Umar or Omar # Uthman ibn Affan (; ) – often known simply as Uthman, Othman, or Osman # Ali ibn Abi Talib (; ) – often known simply as Ali The succession to Muhammad is the central issue that divides the Muslim community. Sunni Islam, according to the author Carl Ernst, accepts the political status quo of their succession, regardless of its justice, whereas Shia Muslims largely reject the legitimacy o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dehqan
The ''dehqân'' (; , ''dihqân'' in Classical Persian) or ''dehgân'' (; ) were a class of land-owning magnates during the Sasanian The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranians"), was an Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, the length of the Sasanian dynasty's reign ... and early Islamic period, found throughout Iran, Iranian lands. The ''dehqans'' started to gradually fade away under the Seljuk Empire, Seljuks and Qarakhanids, due to the increase of the ''iqta''' (land grants) and the decline of the landowning class. By the time of their dissolution, they had played a key role in preserving the Iranian national identity. Their Islamization and cultural Iranianization of the Turks led to the establishment of the Iranian essence within the Islamic world, something which would continue throughout the Middle Ages and far into modern times. Etymology The term ''dehqân' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabi Ibn Ziyad Harithi
Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Harithi () was an Arab military leader, who served the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates. Biography In 651, Rabi ibn Ziyad invaded the Sasanian province of Sakastan. After some time, he reached Zaliq, a border town between Kirman and Sakastan, where he forced the ''dehqan'' of the town to acknowledge Muslim authority. He then did the same at the fortress of Karkuya, which had a famous fire temple, which is mentioned in the ''Tarikh-i Sistan''. He then continued to seize more land in the province. He thereafter besieged the capital Zrang, and after a heavy battle outside the city, its governor Aparviz surrendered. When Aparviz went to Rabi ibn Ziyad to discuss about the conditions of a treaty, he saw that he was using the bodies of two dead soldiers as a chair. This horrified Aparviz, who in order to spare the inhabitants of Sakastan from the Arabs, made peace with them in return for a heavy tribute of one million dirhams, as well as 1,000 slave boys (or girls) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dasht-i Lut
The Lut Desert, widely referred to as Dasht-e Lut (, "Emptiness Plain"), is a salt desert located in the provinces of Kerman and Sistan-Baluchestan, Iran. It is the world's 33rd-largest desert, and was included in UNESCO's World Heritage List on July 17, 2016. TThe name is derived from ''Lut'' which means 'bare, empty' in Persian and ''dasht'' which means 'plain' in Persian. The surface of its sand has been measured at temperatures as high as 70.7 °C (159.3 °F), the highest-known land surface temperature. Description Iran is climatically part of the Afro-Asian belt of deserts, which stretches from Mauritania all the way to Mongolia. Iran's geography consists of a plateau surrounded by mountains and divided into drainage basins. Dasht-e Lut is one of the largest of these drainage basins, long and wide, The area of the desert is about , the largest in Iran after Dasht-e Kavir. During the spring wet season, water briefly flows down from the Kerman mou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerman Province
Kerman province () is the largest of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Kerman. The province is in the southeast of Iran. In 2014 it was placed in Region 5. Mentioned in ancient times as the Achaemenid satrapy of Carmania, Kerman province has an area of , encompassing nearly 11% of the land area of Iran.http://www.sci.org.ir/content/userfiles/_sci_en/sci_en/sel/year85/f1/CS_01_4.HTM History According to a text from the 8th century commontly attributed to the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi, present-day Kerman province was situated in the southern quarter of the Sasanian Empire. The main city of the region from the Sasanian era to the 10th century was Sirjan. Early Muslim geographers considered the area as part of the hot climatic zone and the mountainous interior as home of predatory people including the Kufečs (or Kofejān). Hamdallah Mustawfi stated that predatory beasts roamed the area which by then had undergone forestation. In the 13th c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd-Allah Ibn Amir
Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿĀmir ibn Kurayz `Abd Allah ibn `Amir (; 626–678) was a Rashidun Caliphate politician and general. He served as the Governor of Basra from 647 to 656 AD, during the reign of Rashidun Caliph Uthman ibn Affan and was a cousin of the Caliph through his father. He was renowned for his administrative and military skill, particularly for his successful campaigns to reconquer and pacify former territories of the Sasanian Empire (present-day Iran and Afghanistan). Early life Abd Allah ibn Amir was the son of Amir ibn Kurayz ibn Rabi'ah, the brother of Arwa bint Kurayz (mother of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan). Conquests during Caliph Umar's rule Ibn Amir's expeditions were mainly aimed at quelling revolts in former Sasanian Empire territories. Conquest of Sakastan In 650, having secured his position in Kerman, Abd Allah sent an army under Mujashi ibn Mas'ud. After crossing the Dasht-i Lut desert, Mujashi ibn Mas'ud reached Sakastan, but suffe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aparviz Of Sakastan
Aparviz was an Iranian aristocrat, who served as the ''marzban'' (general of a frontier province, "margrave") of Sakastan Sistān (), also known as Sakastān (, , current name: Zabol) and Sijistan (), is a historical region in south-eastern Iran and extending across the borders of present-day south-western Afghanistan, and south-western Pakistan. Mostly correspon ... in the 7th century. He is first mentioned in 650/1 during the Arab invasion of Iran, where is mentioned as surrendering to the Rashidun Arabs; when he consulted the Arab military officer Rabi ibn Ziyad Harithi, the latter was using the bodies of two dead soldiers as a chair. This horrified Aparviz, who in order to save the inhabitants of Sakastan, made peace with the Arabs in return for heavy tribute. Two years later, the inhabitants of Sakastan rebelled against the Arabs, however, no mention of Aparviz is made. Sources * * * * Generals of Yazdegerd III Year of birth unknown Year of death unknown Sasania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazdegerd III
Yazdegerd III (also Romanized as ''Yazdgerd'', ''Yazdgird'') was the last Sasanian Empire, Sasanian King of Kings from 632 to 651. His father was Shahriyar (son of Khosrow II), Shahriyar and his grandfather was Khosrow II. Ascending the throne at the age of eight, the young shah lacked authority and reigned as a figurehead, whilst real power was in the hands of the army commanders, courtiers, and powerful members of the aristocracy, who engaged in internecine warfare. The Sasanian Empire was weakened severely by these internal conflicts, resulting in invasions by the Göktürks from the east, and Khazars from the west. Yazdegerd was unable to contain the Muslim conquest of Persia, Rashidun conquest of Iran, and spent most of his reign fleeing from one province to another in the vain hope of raising an army. Yazdegerd met his end at the hands of a miller near Merv, Marw in 651, bringing an end to the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire after more than 400 years of rule. Etymology Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
