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Sinckan Manuscripts
The Sinkang Manuscripts (; also spelled ''Sinkang'' or ''Sinkan'') are a series of leases, mortgages, and other commerce contracts written in the Sinckan, Taivoan, and Makatao languages. Among Han Chinese, they are commonly referred to as the "barbarian contracts" (). Some are written only in a Latin-based script, considered the first script to be developed in Taiwan itself, while others were bilingual with adjacent Han writing. Currently there are approximately 140 extant documents written in Sinckan; they are important in the study of Siraya and Taivoan culture, and Taiwanese history in general although there are only a few scholars who can understand them. History and background The Sinckan language was spoken by the Siraya people that lived in what is now Tainan. During the time when Taiwan was under the administration of the Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( ; VOC ), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered company, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xingang Writing
The Sinkang Manuscripts (; also spelled ''Sinkang'' or ''Sinkan'') are a series of leases, mortgages, and other commerce contracts written in the Sinckan language, Sinckan, Taivoan language, Taivoan, and Makatao language, Makatao languages. Among Han Chinese, they are commonly referred to as the "barbarian contracts" (). Some are written only in a Latin script, Latin-based script, considered the first script to be developed in Taiwan itself, while others were bilingual with adjacent Han writing. Currently there are approximately 140 extant documents written in Sinckan; they are important in the study of Siraya people, Siraya and Taivoan people, Taivoan culture, and Taiwanese history in general although there are only a few scholars who can understand them. History and background The Sinckan language was spoken by the Siraya people that lived in what is now Tainan. During the time when Taiwan was under the administration of the Dutch East India Company (Dutch Formosa 1624–1662), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robertus Junius
Robert Junius, also recorded as Robertus Junius (born ''Robert de Jonghe''; 1606 in Rotterdam – 22 August 1655 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch Reformed Church missionary to Taiwan (then known as Formosa) from 1629 to 1643. Along with Antonius Hambroek and Joannes Cruyf, he was among the longest-serving missionaries of the Dutch colonial era in Formosa. Mission in Formosa On arriving in Formosa, Junius took up residence in the village of Sakam, in the vicinity of Fort Provintia in present-day Tainan City. Described as more energetic than his contemporary, George Candidius, Junius was involved in the pacification of Taiwanese aborigines following the slaughter of sixty Dutch people by the natives of Mattau. This took the form of a short punitive war against the offending villages by Dutch forces, resulting in the killing of "a few dozen" aborigines and a ''Pax Hollandica'' which followed after the recalcitrant tribes had been cowed. Following this campaign, Junius continually urged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formosan Languages
The Formosan languages are a geographic grouping comprising the languages of the indigenous peoples of Taiwan, all of which are Austronesian. They do not form a single subfamily of Austronesian but rather up to nine separate primary subfamilies. The Taiwanese indigenous peoples recognized by the government are about 2.3% of the island's population. However, only 35% speak their ancestral language, due to centuries of language shift. Of the approximately 26 languages of the Taiwanese indigenous peoples, at least ten are extinct, another four (perhaps five) are moribund, and all others are to some degree endangered. They are national languages of Taiwan. The aboriginal languages of Taiwan have great significance in historical linguistics since, in all likelihood, Taiwan is the place of origin of the entire Austronesian language family. According to American linguist Robert Blust, the Formosan languages form nine of the ten principal branches of the family, while the one re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Taiwan
The languages of Taiwan consist of several varieties of languages under the families of Austronesian languages and Sino-Tibetan languages. The Formosan languages, a geographically designated branch of Austronesian languages, have been spoken by the Taiwanese indigenous peoples for thousands of years. Owing to the wide internal variety of the Formosan languages, research on historical linguistics recognizes Taiwan as the Urheimat (homeland) of the whole Austronesian languages family. In the last 400 years, several waves of Chinese emigration, Han emigrations brought several different Sinitic languages into Taiwan. These languages include Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka, Hakka, and Taiwanese Mandarin, Mandarin, which have become the major languages spoken in present-day Taiwan. Formosan languages were the dominant language of Prehistory of Taiwan, prehistorical Taiwan. Taiwan's long colonial and immigration History of Taiwan, history brought in several languages such as Dutch lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academia Sinica
Academia Sinica (AS, ; zh, t=中央研究院) is the national academy of the Taiwan, Republic of China. It is headquartered in Nangang District, Taipei, Nangang, Taipei. Founded in Nanjing, the academy supports research activities in mathematics, Physical Sciences, physical sciences, Life Sciences, life sciences, humanities and social sciences. As an educational institute, it provides PhD training and scholarship through its English-language Taiwan International Graduate Program in biology, agriculture, chemistry, physics, informatics, and Earth and Environmental Sciences, earth and environmental sciences. The current president since 2016 is James C. Liao, an expert in metabolic engineering, systems biology and synthetic biology. History Academia Sinica, which means "Chinese Academy", was founded in 1928 in Nanjing, then capital of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China, with its first meeting held in Shanghai. By December 1948, all fourteen institutes of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Cheng Kung University
National Cheng Kung University (NCKU; ) is a Public university, public research university located in the East District, Tainan, East District of Tainan, Taiwan. Founded in 1931 during Taiwan under Japanese rule, Japanese rule as an engineering college, the university is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in Taiwan. NCKU enrolls approximately 12,000 undergraduates and 10,000 postgraduate students, primarily in engineering, science, medicine, and design programs. The university is a founding member of the Taiwan Comprehensive University System, a strategic alliance of four leading research universities in the Southern Taiwan. The university is also a member of Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, AACSB and Institute of Engineering Education Taiwan, IEET, and the only member from Taiwan in the Worldwide Universities Network. Its main campus in Tainan houses the National Cheng Kung University Hospital and the National Cheng Kung University Museum. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Michigan
The University of Michigan (U-M, U of M, or Michigan) is a public university, public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest institution of higher education in the state. The University of Michigan is one of the earliest American research universities and is a founding member of the Association of American Universities. In the fall of 2023, the university employed 8,189 faculty members and enrolled 52,065 students in its programs. The university is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". It consists of nineteen colleges and offers 250 degree programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels. The university is Higher education accreditation in the United States, accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. In 2021, it ranked third among American universities in List of countries by research and development spending, research expe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Beal Steere
Joseph Beal Steere (9 February 1842 – 7 December 1940) was an American ornithologist. Life and career Steere was born in Rollin, Michigan, the son of William Millhouse and Elizabeth Cleghorn (Beal) Steere. He received a B.A. from the University of Michigan in 1868 and a B. of Law in 1870. Shortly after his graduation he entered upon an extensive tour to make collections for the University Museum. His mother's cousin, Rice A. Beal—owner and publisher of the ''Ann Arbor Courier''—agreed to pay for the expedition if Steere would write letters from his journey to be published in the ''Courier''. He spent about eighteen months on the Amazon River and its tributaries, making collections in zoology, botany, and archaeology. He crossed the Andes and continued his collections in various parts of Peru. He then sailed for China and the island of Formosa (Taiwan). He went on another scientific expedition in 1887 to the Philippines where he made an extensive collection of birds, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taihoku Imperial University
National Taiwan University (NTU; zh, t=國立臺灣大學, poj=Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k, p=, s=) is a national public research university in Taipei, Taiwan. Founded in 1928 during Japanese rule as Taihoku Imperial University (), the seventh of the Imperial Universities of the Empire of Japan, it is the oldest university in Taiwan and is supervised by the Ministry of Education. The university has three major campuses in Taipei and hosts satellite campuses across the country, enrolling more than 16,000 undergraduates, 12,000 postgraduates, and 3,000 doctoral students. It offers over 200 degree programs and consists of 16 colleges which are divided into 56 departments, 111 research institutes, and more than 50 other national research centers, including National Taiwan University Hospital. In 2015, NTU formed a university system with the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology and National Taiwan Normal University. National Taiwan University has institutio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Favorlang Language
Favorlang is an extinct Formosan language closely related to Babuza. Although Favorlang is considered by Taiwanese linguist Paul Jen-kuei Li to be a separate language, it is nevertheless very closely related to Babuza. In fact, the name ''Favorlang'' is derived from ''Babuza''. Alternatively, Favorlang may also have represented a dialect of Babuza at an earlier stage, since Favorlang was documented in the mid-17th century, while Babuza was documented only around the turn of the 20th century by Japanese linguists. Phonology Favorlang has gone through the following sound changes. Except for the *t, *s, *Z > merger, all of these sound changes are shared by the five Western Plains languages Taokas, Babuza, Papora, Hoanya, and Thao. #Merger of PAn *n and *ŋ as #Merger of *t, *s, *Z as #Merger of *N and *S1 as #Complete loss of *k, *q, *H #Partial loss of *R, *j, including the loss of final *-y and *-w #*s (in initial and medial positions) > Sources Favorlang data sources are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gospel Of Matthew
The Gospel of Matthew is the first book of the New Testament of the Bible and one of the three synoptic Gospels. It tells the story of who the author believes is Israel's messiah (Christ (title), Christ), Jesus, resurrection of Jesus, his resurrection, and his Great Commission, mission to the world. Matthew wishes to emphasize that the Jewish Christianity, Jewish tradition should not be lost in a church that was increasingly becoming gentile. The gospel reflects the struggles and conflicts between the evangelist's community and the other Jews, particularly with its sharp criticism of the scribes, chief priests and Pharisees with the position that the Kingdom of God (Christianity), Kingdom of Heaven has been taken away from them and given instead to the church. Scholars find numerous problems with the traditional attribution to the Matthew the Apostle, Apostle Matthew, though it is possible the gospel incorporates a source written by the disciple. The predominant scholarly view ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
