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Simuliidae
A black fly or blackfly (sometimes called a buffalo gnat, turkey gnat, or white socks) is any member of the family Simuliidae of the Culicomorpha infraorder. It is related to the Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, and Thaumaleidae. Over 2,200 species of black flies have been formally named, of which 15 are extinct. They are divided into two subfamilies: Parasimuliinae contains only one genus and four species; Simuliinae contains all the rest. Over 1,800 of the species belong to the genus '' Simulium''. Most black flies gain nourishment by feeding on the blood of mammals, including humans, although the males feed mainly on nectar. They are usually small, black or gray, with short legs and antennae. They are a common nuisance for humans, and many U.S. states have programs to suppress the black fly population. They spread several diseases, including river blindness in Africa (''Simulium damnosum'' and ''S. neavei'') and the Americas (''S. callidum'' and ''S. metallicum'' in Cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simulium
''Simulium'' is a genus of Black_fly, black flies, which may transmit diseases such as onchocerciasis (river blindness). It is a large genus with almost 2,000 species and 38 subgenus, subgenera. The flies are pool feeders. Their saliva, which contains anticoagulants, a number of enzymes and histamine, is mixed with the blood, preventing clotting until it is ingested by the fly. These bites cause localized tissue damage, and if the number of feeding flies is sufficient, their feeding may produce a blood-loss anaemia. The host's reaction to fly attacks may include systemic illness, allergic reactions or even death, presumably mediated by histamine. In humans, this systemic reaction is known as "black fly fever" and is characterized by headaches, fever, nausea, adenitis, generalized dermatitis, and allergic asthma. Systematics Subgenera: * ''Afrosimulium'' Roger Ward Crosskey, Crosskey, 1969 * ''Anasolen'' Günther Enderlein, Enderlein, 1930 * ''Asiosimulium'' Takaoka & Choo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedrowygomyia
''Pedrowygomyia'' is a genus of neotropical simuliid flies erected in 1998 from the ''Gigantodax cortesi'' species group of the 1925 genus '' Gigantodax'' after a cladistics analysis of the species groups recognized in the genus indicated that it was paraphyletic.Daniel Rafael Miranda-Esquivel and Sixto Coscarón. 1998. ''Pedrowygomyia'', a new Neotropical genus of Prosimuliini (Diptera: Simuliidae): ''Gigantodax'' s. lat. split into two genera. ''Insect Systematics & Evolution'', 29(2):161–167, online publication date: 01 Jan 1998, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187631298X00267.Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante do Nascimento, Neusa Hamada, Ana A Huamantinco-Araujo. 2020. ''Pedrowygomyia'' (Diptera: Simuliidae): Discovery of a New Species After 30 yr. ''Journal of Medical Entomology'', tjaa270, https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa270, Published: 16 December 2020. The genus was named in recognition of the contributions to science of entomologist Petr Wolfgang Wygodzinsky. ''Pedrowygomyia'' o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrosimulium
''Austrosimulium'' is a genus of about 30 species of black flies that are distributed in Australia and New Zealand. There are 2 subgenera: '' Austrosimulium'' whose species are principally from New Zealand, and '' Novaustrosimulium'' which are exclusively Australian. ''Austrosimulium'' is a sister genus to the monospecific '' Paraustrosimulium'' of South America. Some species are known to spread the protozoan blood parasite '' Leucocytozoon tawaki'' in penguins. In New Zealand, where they are known as '' sandflies'' or namu (in Māori from Proto-Austronesian *''ñamuk'' "mosquito", compare with ), three species – '' A. australense'', '' A. tillyardianum'' and '' A. ungulatum'' – bite humans. Species These 30 species belong to the genus ''Austrosimulium'': ; Subgenus Austrosimulium Tonnoir, 1925 : '' Austrosimulium albovelatum'' Dumbleton, 1973 (New Zealand (South Island)) : ''Austrosimulium alveolatum'' Dumbleton, 1973 (New Zealand (South Island)) : '' Austrosimulium aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gigantodax
''Gigantodax'' is a genus of 68 species of black flies distributed along the Andes from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego in Argentina. The Polytene Chromosomes of Cnesia dissimilis (Edwards) and Three Species of Gigantodax Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Lanin National Park (Argentina) by Cecilia L Coscaron Arias Taxonomy The Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of the genus was revised in 1989 by an published in the of the |
Parasimulium
''Parasimulium'' is a genus of black flies containing two subgenera and four species. They are found in western North America. Most species are rare, and some Canadian Canadians () are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being ''C ... species are cave dwellers. Species * Subgenus '' Astoneomyia'' Peterson, 1977 :* '' P. melanderi'' Stone, 1963 * Subgenus '' Parasimulium'' Malloch, 1914 :* '' P. crosskeyi'' Peterson, 1977 :* '' P. furcatum'' Malloch, 1914 :* '' P. stonei'' Peterson, 1977 Literature cited Simuliidae Chironomoidea genera Taxa named by John Russell Malloch {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasimuliinae
The Parasimuliinae are a subfamily of Simuliidae (black flies) containing only one genus and four species. Most species are rare, and some are cave dwellers, in western North America. Species * Genus ''Parasimulium'' Malloch, 1914 :* Subgenus '' Astoneomyia'' Peterson, 1977 ::* '' P. melanderi'' Stone, 1963 :* Subgenus ''Parasimulium ''Parasimulium'' is a genus of black flies containing two subgenera and four species. They are found in western North America. Most species are rare, and some Canadian Canadians () are people identified with the country of Canada. This c ...'' Malloch, 1914 ::* '' P. crosskeyi'' Peterson, 1977 ::* '' P. furcatum'' Malloch, 1914 ::* '' P. stonei'' Peterson, 1977 Literature cited Simuliidae Nematocera subfamilies Monotypic Diptera taxa {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araucnephia
''Araucnephia'' is a genus of South American black flies from Chile and Argentina. There are only 2 known species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), .... Species *'' A. iberaensis'' Coscarón & Coscarón-Arias, 2002 *'' A. montana'' (Philippi, 1865) Literature cited Simuliidae Fauna of Chile Fauna of Argentina Insects of South America Chironomoidea genera {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simuliinae
Simuliinae is a subfamily of black flies (Simuliidae). It contains over 2,200 species, with over 1,800 of them in the genus ''Simulium''. There are 2 tribes and 25 living genera. A further 5 genera are known only from Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 mya (unit), million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era (geology), Era, as well as the longest. At around 77.1 million years, it is the ... fossils. Literature cited Simuliidae Insect vectors of human pathogens Taxa named by Edward Newman Nematocera subfamilies {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araucnephioides
''Araucnephioides'' is a genus of black flies from Chile. There is only one known species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), .... Species *'' A. schlingeri'' Wygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1973 Literature cited Simuliidae Diptera of South America Chironomoidea genera Endemic fauna of Chile {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cnephia
''Cnephia'' is a genus of 9 species of black flies. They are distributed in scattered locations across the Northern Hemisphere, from Ukraine to Eastern Siberia, and some parts of North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri .... Species *'' C. angarensis'' Rubtsov, 1956 *'' C. chaurensis'' Yankovsky, 2000 *'' C. dacotensis'' (Dyar & Shannon, 1927) *'' C. eremites'' Shewell, 1952 *'' C. intermedia'' Rubtsov, 1956 *'' C. ornithophilia'' Davies, Peterson & Wood, 1962 *'' C. pallipes'' (Fries, 1824) *'' C. pecuarum'' (Riley, 1887) *'' C. toptchievi'' Yankovsky, 1996 Literature cited Simuliidae Chironomoidea genera Taxa named by Günther Enderlein {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ectemnia
''Ectemnia'' is a genus of 4 species of black flies. They are distributed in North America. Species *'' E. invenusta'' (Walker Walker or The Walker may refer to: People *Walker (given name) *Walker (surname) *Walker (Brazilian footballer) (born 1982), Brazilian footballer Places In the United States *Walker, Arizona, in Yavapai County *Walker, Mono County, California * ..., 1848) *'' E. primaeva'' Moulton & Adler, 1997 *'' E. reclusa'' Moulton & Adler, 1997 *'' E. taeniatifrons'' ( Enderlein, 1925) Literature cited Simuliidae Chironomoidea genera Taxa named by Günther Enderlein {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stegopterna
''Stegopterna'' is a genus of black flies (insects in the family Simuliidae). There are about 15 described species in ''Stegopterna''. Species These 15 species belong to the genus ''Stegopterna'': * '' Stegopterna acra'' Currie, Adler & Wood, 2004 * '' Stegopterna byrrangii'' Yankovsky, 2000 * '' Stegopterna decafilis'' Rubtsov, 1971 * '' Stegopterna diplomutata'' Currie & Hunter, 2003 * '' Stegopterna duodecimata'' (Rubtsov, 1940) * '' Stegopterna emergens'' (Stone, 1952) * '' Stegopterna freyi'' (Enderlein, 1929) * '' Stegopterna hamuligera'' Yankovsky, 1977 * '' Stegopterna mutata'' (Malloch, 1914) (mutated black fly) * '' Stegopterna nukabirana'' Ono, 1977 * '' Stegopterna permutata'' (Dyar & Shannon, 1927) * '' Stegopterna poljakovae'' Patrusheva, 1977 * '' Stegopterna takeshii'' Takaoka, 2005 * '' Stegopterna tschukotensis'' Rubtsov, 1971 * '' Stegopterna xantha'' Currie, Adler & Wood, 2004 c g Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net Refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
