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Simone Iff
Simone Iff, ''née'' Simone Balfet, (4 September 1924 - 29 December 2014) was a French activist noted for her advocacy for women's rights and reproductive health. She is noted for her 30 years of activism for the legalization of contraception and abortion in France. Further, Iff was a founding member of the French Family Planning Movement (Mouvement Français pour le Planning Familial) and served as its president from 1969 to 1973. Biography Early life Simone Balfet was born in the southern French department of Tarn in 1924, the daughter of a protestant pastor and of a mother who had graduated from the Ècole normale supérieure in Sèvres. Her parents brought her up in a spirit of activism and social protests. At age 18, when she got pregnant without being married, her family preferred to leave their home in Sète to escape the scandal, but her parents remained close to her. The following year, she married Werner Iff, the Swiss father of her son.. Career Activism fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vabre
Vabre () is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France. INSEE Geography The village lies on the left bank of the , which flows southwestward through the southern part of the commune, then flows into the .Population See also *Communes of the Tarn department
The following is a list of the 314 com ...
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Grenoble
lat, Gratianopolis , commune status = Prefecture and commune , image = Panorama grenoble.png , image size = , caption = From upper left: Panorama of the city, Grenoble’s cable cars, place Saint-André, jardin de ville, banks of the Isère , arrondissement = Grenoble , canton = Grenoble-1, 2, 3 and 4 , INSEE = 38185 , postal code = 38000, 38100 , mayor = Éric Piolle , term = 2020–2026 , party = EELV , image flag = Flag of Grenoble.svg , image coat of arms = Coat of Arms of Grenoble.svg , intercommunality = Grenoble-Alpes Métropole , coordinates = , elevation min m = 212 , elevation m = 398 , elevation max m = 500 , area km2 = 18.13 , population = , population date = , population footnotes = , urban pop = 451096 , urban area km2 = 358.1 , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voluntary Termination Of Pregnancy
The Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy Law ( es, Ley de Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo; IVE) was approved by the National Congress of Argentina in 2020, legalizing abortion in Argentina. The first draft of the bill was created in 2006 by the National Campaign for the Right to Legal, Safe, and Free Abortion (''Campaña Nacional por el Derecho al Aborto Legal, Seguro y Gratuito''), which sought to have Congress consider it in seven different occasions, to no avail. In 2018, the bill was introduced into the legislative agenda, with the approval of then-PRO president Mauricio Macri, who was personally against it. It was approved by the Chamber of Deputies by a 129 to 125 margin on 13 June 2018, but failed to pass the Senate on 8 August 2018 by a 38 to 31 margin. In 2020, the bill was sent to Congress once again (with some modifications) by the administration of new Justicialist Party president Alberto Fernández, who explicitly backed the initiative. It was approved by the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publicly Funded Health Care
Publicly funded healthcare is a form of health care financing designed to meet the cost of all or most healthcare needs from a publicly managed fund. Usually this is under some form of democratic accountability, the right of access to which are set down in rules applying to the whole population contributing to the fund or receiving benefits from it. The fund may be a not-for-profit trust that pays out for healthcare according to common rules established by the members or by some other democratic form. In some countries, the fund is controlled directly by the government or by an agency of the government for the benefit of the entire population. That distinguishes it from other forms of private medical insurance, the rights of access to which are subject to contractual obligations between an insured person (or their sponsor) and an insurance company, which seeks to make a profit by managing the flow of funds between funders and providers of health care services. When taxation is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yvette Roudy
Yvette Roudy (born 10 April 1929) is a French politician. She served as a member of the National Assembly from 1986 to 1993, and from 1997 to 2002, representing Calvados. She was the Minister of Women's Rights from 1981 to 1986. She sponsored a law for equal pay Equal pay for equal work is the concept of labour rights that individuals in the same workplace be given equal pay. It is most commonly used in the context of sexual discrimination, in relation to the gender pay gap. Equal pay relates to the fu ... in 1983. References 1929 births Living people People from Gironde Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine Socialist Party (France) politicians Government ministers of France Deputies of the 8th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Deputies of the 9th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Mayors of places in Normandy Women members of the National Assembly (France) French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1981 French Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in France on 26 April 1981, with a second round on 10 May. François Mitterrand defeated incumbent president, Valery Giscard d'Estaing to become the first Socialist president of the Fifth Republic. In the first round of voting on 26 April 1981, a political spectrum of ten candidates stood for election, and the leading two candidates – Mitterrand and Giscard d'Estaing – advanced to a second round. Mitterrand and his Socialist Party received 51.76% of the vote, while Giscard and his Union for French Democracy trailed with about 48.24%, a margin of 1,065,956 votes. The Socialist Party's electoral program was called 110 Propositions for France. Mitterrand served as President of France for the full seven-year term (1981–1988) and won re-election in 1988. Electoral system If Giscard's internal political handicaps had effectively "crippled" him in the initial race, the external factors that decided the 1981 election were a deadly blow. Neatl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Mitterrand
François Marie Adrien Maurice Mitterrand (26 October 19168 January 1996) was President of France, serving under that position from 1981 to 1995, the longest time in office in the history of France. As First Secretary of the Socialist Party, he was the first left-wing politician to assume the presidency under the Fifth Republic. Reflecting family influences, Mitterrand started political life on the Catholic nationalist right. He served under the Vichy regime during its earlier years. Subsequently he joined the Resistance, moved to the left, and held ministerial office several times under the Fourth Republic. Mitterrand opposed Charles de Gaulle's establishment of the Fifth Republic. Although at times a politically isolated figure, he outmanoeuvered rivals to become the left's standard bearer in the 1965 and 1974 presidential elections, before being elected president in the 1981 presidential election. He was re-elected in 1988 and remained in office until 1995. Mitterran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veil Act
The ''Loi Veil'', officially the "Law of 17 January 1975 on the voluntary termination of pregnancy" (), is a law pertaining to the decriminalization of abortion in France. It was prepared by Simone Veil, minister of health during the presidency of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. The law was promulgated on 17 January 1975 with a duration of five years. It was renewed without time limit by a law passed on 31 December 1979. Background The vote was preceded by various episodes related directly and indirectly to the ban on abortion, such as the legalization of contraception (1967), the Manifesto of the 343 (1971), the (1972) and the (1973). After the Bobigny trial, the minister of justice instructed the Ministère public to cease prosecuting abortion. An early law decriminalizing abortion was tabled under the presidency of Georges Pompidou (1969-1974). Valéry Giscard d'Estaing promised to decriminalize abortion during his presidential campaign in 1974. As Minister of Justice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mouvement De Libération Des Femmes
The Mouvement de libération des femmes (MLF, ) is a French autonomous, single-sex feminist movement that advocates women's bodily autonomy and challenges patriarchal society. It was founded in 1970, in the wake of the American Women's Lib movement and the events of May 1968. The movement challenges traditional forms of militancy: it operates through general assemblies, small decentralized groups and has a repertoire of extra-parliamentary actions such as the organization of events, the creation and signing of petitions, the holding of public meetings, etc. History On August 26, 1970, a dozen anonymous activists laid a wreath under the Arc de Triomphe in praise of the Wife of the Unknown Soldier. This action was led by nine women, including Cathy Bernheim, Christine Delphy, Monique Wittig, Christiane Rochefort and Namascar Shaktini. Their banners displayed this phrase: "There is more unknown than the unknown soldier: his wife". They were immediately arrested by the police, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Opinion
Public opinion is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to a society. It is the people's views on matters affecting them. Etymology The term "public opinion" was derived from the French ', which was first used in 1588 by Michel de Montaigne in the second edition of his '' Essays'' (ch. XXII). The French term also appears in the 1761 work '' Julie, or the New Heloise'' by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Precursors of the phrase in English include William Temple's "general opinion" (appearing in his 1672 work ''On the Original and Nature of Government'') and John Locke's "law of opinion" (appearing in his 1689 work '' An Essay Concerning Human Understanding''). History The emergence of public opinion as a significant force in the political realm dates to the late 17th century, but opinion had been regarded as having singular importance much earlier. Medieval ''fama publica'' or ''vox et fama communis'' had great legal and social importance from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manifesto Of The 343
The Manifesto of the 343 (), was a French petition signed by 343 women "who had the courage to say, 'I've had an abortion. It was an act of civil disobedience, since abortion was illegal in France, and by admitting publicly to having aborted, they exposed themselves to criminal prosecution. On 5 April 1971, in issue 334 of ''Le Nouvel Observateur'', a social democratic French weekly magazine, the manifesto, "Un appel de 343 femmes" (an appeal by 343 women), was published, as the sole topic on the magazine cover. The manifesto called for the legalization of abortion and free access to contraception. It paved the way to the adoption, in December 1974 and January 1975, of the "Veil law", named for Health Minister Simone Veil, that repealed the penalty for voluntarily terminating a pregnancy during the first ten weeks (later extended to fourteen weeks). The text The text of the manifesto was written by Simone de Beauvoir. It began (and translated into English): Response The week a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presses Universitaires De France
Presses universitaires de France (PUF, English: ''University Press of France''), founded in 1921 by Paul Angoulvent (1899–1976), is the largest French university publishing house. Recent company history The financial and legal structure of the Presses Universitaires de France were completely restructured in 2000 and the original cooperative structure was abandoned. Companies that took stakes in PUF included Flammarion Publishing (17% in 2000, 18% currently) and insurer Maaf Assurances (9%, 8% currently). In 2006, another insurance giant Garantie Mutuelle des Fonctionnaires (GMF) injected capital into the PUF, taking a 16,4% stake in the publisher. A similar tendency toward the constitution of an oligopoly has been observed by French newspapers, with titles like ''Le Monde'', ''Libération'' or even ''L'Humanité'' accepting to turn themselves toward private financing. Que sais-je? Almost all French students know the collection '' Que sais-je?'' (a quote from Montaigne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
