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Sikh State
A Sikh state is a State (polity), political entity that is ruled by Sikhs. There were various Sikhs, Sikh states, empires, and dynasties, beginning with the first Sikh state established by Banda Singh Bahadur to the Sikh-ruled princely states of Presidencies and provinces of British India, British India. Sikhism turned toward militancy by the end of the 17th century and by the 18th century, the Sikhs had established themselves as a dominant player in regional affairs, becoming the political elite of the Punjab. This transformation has been described as being one of rebels turning into rulers. During British-rule, the idea of Sikhs being a unique nation developed further and was aided by the colonial administrative policies. However, territoriality has not played a major part in the self-identity of the Sikhs. History Theological underpinnings There was a prevailing Sikh belief in the mid-16th century that Guru Nanak was the master of both spirituality and temporality (''d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Approximate Political Map Of Punjab From 1764–1803 By Joseph Davey Cunningham
An approximation is anything that is intentionally similar but not exactly equal to something else. Etymology and usage The word ''approximation'' is derived from Latin ''approximatus'', from ''proximus'' meaning ''very near'' and the prefix ''ad-'' (''ad-'' before ''p'' becomes ap- by assimilation) meaning ''to''. Words like ''approximate'', ''approximately'' and ''approximation'' are used especially in technical or scientific contexts. In everyday English, words such as ''roughly'' or ''around'' are used with a similar meaning. It is often found abbreviated as ''approx.'' The term can be applied to various properties (e.g., value, quantity, image, description) that are nearly, but not exactly correct; similar, but not exactly the same (e.g., the approximate time was 10 o'clock). Although approximation is most often applied to numbers, it is also frequently applied to such things as mathematical functions, shapes, and physical laws. In science, approximation can refer to u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anandpur Sahib
Anandpur Sahib, also referred simply as Anandpur (), is a city in Rupnagar district (Ropar), on the edge of Shivalik Hills, in the Indian state of Punjab. Located near the Sutlej River, the city is one of the most sacred religious places in Sikhism, being the place where the last two Sikh Gurus, Guru Tegh Bahadur and Guru Gobind Singh, lived. It is also the place where Guru Gobind Singh founded the Khalsa Panth in 1699. The city is home to Takhat Sri Kesgarh Sahib, the third of the five Takhts in Sikhism. The city is a pilgrimage site in Sikhism. It is the venue of the largest annual Sikh gathering and festivities during the Hola Mohalla in the spring season.Gurmukh Singh (2009)Anandpur Sahib Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor in Chief: Harbans Singh, Punjab University Location Anandpur Sahib is located on National Highway 503 that links Kiratpur Sahib and Chandigarh to Nangal, Una and further Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. It is situated near the Sutlej river, the longest o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jatha
A Jatha (Punjabi language, Punjabi: ਜੱਥਾ Singular (grammatical number), [sg]; ਜਥੇ Plural, [pl] ) is an armed body of Sikhs that has existed in Sikh tradition since 1699, the beginning of the Khalsa (Sikh martial order). A Jatha basically means a group of people. Etymology The word derives from the Sanskrit word ''yūtha'', meaning a "herd, flock, multitude, troop, band, or host". Origins Damdami Taksal Jatha After the creation of the Khalsa, Guru Gobind Singh is said to have created the Damdami Taksal in 1706. Its first Jathedar (leader) was Baba Deep Singh who died at the age of 83 by having his head severed in a battle against Durrani Empire, Durrani forces. Aftermath of the death of Banda Singh Bahadur In the Sikh tradition, a ''Jatha'' refers to a group of Sikh volunteers working together for a common cause, whether that cause is violent or peaceful. The term was already in use by the first half of the 18th century amongst the Sikhs but its exact poi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Campaign Of Ahmad Shah Durrani
{{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Indian Campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani , partof = the Decline of the Mughal Empire and Campaigns of Ahmad Shah Durrani , image = {{Multiple image , perrow = 2 , total_width = 300 , align = center , background color = transparent , header_background = transparent , footer_background = transparent , caption_align = center , image1 = A watercolour painting depicting a headless Baba Deep Singh and fellow Sikh warriors shown fighting the hostile Afghan forces at the Battle of Amritsar (1757), circa 1880's.jpg , image2 = The Third battle of Panipat 13 January 1761.jpg , image3 = Sultan Ul Quam Jassa Singh Ahluwalia.jpg , image4 = Battle of Kup.jpg , caption1 = A headless Baba Deep Singh fighting the Afghan forces at the Battle of Amritsar , caption2 = Faizabad-style painting of the Third Battle of Panipat , caption3 = Jassa Singh Ahluwalia entering Lahore after the successful Siege of Lahore , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nader Shah's Invasion Of India
In May 1738, Nader Shah, the ruler of Iran (1736–1747) and the founder of the Afsharid dynasty, invaded Northern India, eventually attacking Delhi in March 1739. His army easily defeated the Mughals at the Battle of Karnal and then occupied the Mughal capital. Nader Shah's victory against the weak and crumbling Mughal Empire in the far east meant that he could afford to turn back and resume war against Persia's archrival, the neighbouring Ottoman Empire, as well as launch further campaigns in the North Caucasus and Central Asia. The loss of the Mughal treasury, which was carried back to Persia, dealt the final blow to the effective power of the Mughal Empire in India. Prelude By the end of 1736, Nadir Shah had consolidated his rule over Iran and dealt with the internal uprisings that had developed over the three years before that. He now shifted his focus towards the Afghan Ghilji tribe, who had been reorganised by their new leader Hussain Hotak (), a cousin of As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decline Of The Mughal Empire
The decline of the Mughal Empire was a period in History of India, Indian history roughly between the early 18th century and mid 19th century during which the Mughal Empire, which once dominated Indian subcontinent, the subcontinent, experienced a sharp decline. Various factors frequently cited to be responsible for the decline include Mughal war of succession (1707–1709), internal conflicts, Mughal-Rajput wars, Rajput, Sikh, Jats and Maratha Confederacy, Maratha rebellions, Durrani Empire, Afghan and Nader Shah's invasion of India, Persian invasions and expansion of Company rule in India, East India Company influence and power. The period is usually considered to have begun with the death of Bahadur Shah I in 1712 and ended with the deposition of Bahadur Shah II in 1857. A number of provinces became hereditary vassal monarchies who ruled nominally in the name of the emperor. All powers, including the Marathas and British, nominally ruled in the name of the emperor, and the polit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
