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Signacula
A signaculum is a general Latin term for a seal or sign produced by a stamp or signet ring, used in modern scholarship in particular reference to Roman lead pipe inscriptions, Roman brick#Ancient Roman brick stamps, brick stamps, baking in ancient Rome, bread stamps, and the lead "dog tag" of List of Roman army unit types, Roman soldiers. Military "dog tag" The signaculum of the Roman soldier was carried in a leather pouch suspended around the neck. The tag is thought to have had personal information for the purpose identifying the dead, in the same way a modern dog tag does, with a Seal (emblem), seal or stamp to authenticate it. Although the origins of exactly when or why the Roman army decided to use the signaculum for their soldiers are not clear, there are, regardless, references to its use in some historical documents, which indicate its composition (lead), as well as the fact that it is given after it is determined a man is fit to serve the legion. In a document from 295, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sello Para Pan (38933667470)
Sello ( Finnish for ''cello'') is a shopping mall in the Leppävaara, Espoo, Finland. The mall contains more than 170 shops and services including a concert hall and a library. The largest stores in the shopping center are Prisma, K-Citymarket, Power, Tokmanni, Halonen, H&M, and Intersport Megastore. The Sello is separated into three parts: the oldest part (finished in 2002), the second part (finished in 2005) and the newest part (finished in 2008). The oldest part of Sello has two hypermarkets, three banks, contains Espoo City's main library, a concert hall, gym, restaurants and cafes, pharmacy, an Alko and a music academy. The second part of Sello has many restaurants and smaller stores, and multiple sport stores such as Intersport and Stadium. Sello's third and newest part was designed to have a movie theater, several restaurants and a bowling alley. Sello also has a hotel named Hotel Sello, property of the Palace Kämp Group. It is served by Leppävaara bus station and Lep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Signet Ring
A seal is a device for making an impression in Sealing wax, wax, clay, paper, or some other medium, including an Paper embossing, embossment on paper, and is also the impression thus made. The original purpose was to authenticate a document, or to prevent interference with a package or envelope by applying a seal which had to be broken to open the container (hence the modern English verb "to seal", which implies secure closing without an actual wax seal). The seal-making device is also referred to as the seal ''matrix'' or ''die''; the imprint it creates as the seal impression (or, more rarely, the ''sealing''). If the impression is made purely as a relief resulting from the greater pressure on the paper where the high parts of the matrix touch, the seal is known as a ''dry seal''; in other cases ink or another liquid or liquefied medium is used, in another color than the paper. In most traditional forms of dry seal the design on the seal matrix is in Intaglio (sculpture), intag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Lead Pipe Inscription
A Roman lead pipe inscription is a Latin inscription on a Ancient Rome, Roman water pipe made of lead which provides brief information on its manufacturer and owner, often the reigning List of Roman Emperors, emperor himself as the supreme authority. The identification marks were created by full text stamps. Manufacture of pipes Lead, a by-product of the ancient silver smelting process, was produced in the Roman Empire with an estimated peak production of 80,000 metric tons per yeara truly industrial scale. The metal was used along with other materials in the vast Roman aqueduct, water supply network of the Romans for the manufacture of water pipes, particularly for urban plumbing. The method of manufacturing the lead pipes is recorded by Vitruvius and Frontinus. The lead was poured into sheets of a uniform length, which were bent to form a cylinder and soldered at the seam. The lead pipes could range in size from approximately in diameter, depending on the requ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Brick
Roman brick is a type of brick used in ancient Roman architecture and spread by the Romans to the lands they conquered, or a modern adaptation inspired by the ancient prototypes. Both types are characteristically longer and flatter than standard modern bricks. Ancient The Romans only developed fired clay bricks under the Empire, but had previously used mudbrick, dried only by the sun and therefore much weaker and only suitable for smaller buildings. Development began under Augustus, using techniques developed by the Greeks, who had been using fired bricks much longer, and the earliest dated building in Rome to make use of fired brick is the Theatre of Marcellus, completed in 13 BC. The process of drying bricks in a kiln made it so these bricks would not have cracks in them when they dried. The mudbrick took a very long time to dry and limited brick creation to certain seasons. The fire dried brick allowed the brick production to increase significantly, which created a mass produ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baking In Ancient Rome
Baking was a popular profession and source of food in ancient Rome. Many ancient Roman baking techniques were developed due to Greek bakers who traveled to Rome following the Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC). Ancient Roman bakers could make large quantities of money. This may have contributed to receiving a negative reputation. Bakers used tools such as the ''fornax'', ''testum'', ''thermospodium'', and the ''clibanus'' to make bread. Most Roman breads were made using sourdough. The most common way to leaven bread was using flour mixed with grain. History The Romans had eaten porridge and baked bread for around six hundred years after the founding of Rome. In 171 BC, during the Third Macedonian War, the arrival of Greek bakers established the first professional bakers, known as the ''pistores'', in Rome. It was in ancient Rome where bread and Pastry, pastries first began to be mass produced. Process Classical archaeology, Archaeological research conducted in Britain identi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lead
Lead () is a chemical element; it has Chemical symbol, symbol Pb (from Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a Heavy metal (elements), heavy metal that is density, denser than most common materials. Lead is Mohs scale, soft and Ductility, malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, lead is a shiny gray with a hint of blue. It tarnishes to a dull gray color when exposed to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable nuclide, stable element and three of its isotopes are endpoints of major nuclear decay chains of heavier elements. Lead is a relatively unreactive post-transition metal. Its weak metallic character is illustrated by its Amphoterism, amphoteric nature; lead and lead oxides react with acids and base (chemistry), bases, and it tends to form covalent bonds. Lead compounds, Compounds of lead are usually found in the +2 oxidation state rather than the +4 state common with lighter members of the carbon group. Exceptions are mostly limited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dog Tag
Dog tag is an informal but common term for a specific type of identification tag worn by military personnel. The tags' primary use is for the identification of casualties; they have information about the individual written on them, including identification and essential basic medical information such as blood type and history of inoculations. They often indicate a religious preference as well. Dog tags are usually fabricated from a corrosion-resistant metal. They commonly contain two copies of the information, either in the form of a single tag that can be broken in half, or as two identical tags on the same chain. This purposeful duplication allows one tag, or half-tag, to be collected from an individual's dead body for notification, while the duplicate remains with the corpse if the conditions of battle prevent it from being immediately recovered. The term arose and became popular because of the tags' resemblance to animal registration tags. Although typically worn around ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Roman Army Unit Types
This is a list of Roman army units and bureaucrats. *''Accensus'' – Light infantry men in the armies of the early Roman Republic, made up of the poorest men of the army. *''Actuarius'' – A soldier charged with distributing pay and provisions. *''Adiutor'' – A camp or headquarters adjutant or assistant. *''Aeneator'' – Military musician such as a bugler *''Agrimensor'' – A surveyor (a type of ''immunes''). *''Antesignano'' – Supposedly a light infantry unit of legionaries who were used for protection of marching columns and to provide security to legions. *''Aquilifer'' – Bearer of the legionary eagle. *''Ala (Roman allied military unit), Ala'' – a military formation composed of conscripts from the Italian military allies. *''Alaris (Roman military), Alaris'' – A cavalryman serving in an ''Ala (Roman military), ala''. *''Auxilia'' – were introduced as non-citizen troops attached to the citizen legions by Augustus after his reorganisation of the Imperial Roman arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seal (emblem)
A seal is a device for making an impression in Sealing wax, wax, clay, paper, or some other medium, including an Paper embossing, embossment on paper, and is also the impression thus made. The original purpose was to authenticate a document, or to prevent interference with a package or envelope by applying a seal which had to be broken to open the container (hence the modern English verb "to seal", which implies secure closing without an actual wax seal). The seal-making device is also referred to as the seal ''matrix'' or ''die''; the imprint it creates as the seal impression (or, more rarely, the ''sealing''). If the impression is made purely as a relief resulting from the greater pressure on the paper where the high parts of the matrix touch, the seal is known as a ''dry seal''; in other cases ink or another liquid or liquefied medium is used, in another color than the paper. In most traditional forms of dry seal the design on the seal matrix is in Intaglio (sculpture), intag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maximilian Of Tebessa
Maximilian of Tebessa (Theveste), also known as Maximilian of Numidia, (; AD 274–295) was a Christian saint and martyr, whose feast day is observed on 12 March. Born in AD 274, the son of Fabius Victor, an official connected to the Roman army, Maximilian was obliged to enlist at the age of 21. He is noted as the earliest recorded conscientious objector, although it is believed that other Christians at the time also refused military service and were executed. History The ''Acta Maximiliani'' was probably written sometime before 313. Maximilianus, born about AD 274, was a native of Theveste (today Tébessa) in eastern Numidia (corresponding to the eastern part of modern Algeria) already annexed by Rome for four centuries. His father, a Christian named Fabius Victor, was a former soldier enlisted in the Roman army. On 12 March 295 at Theveste (now Tébessa, Algeria), he was brought before the proconsul of Africa Proconsularis, Cassius Dio, to swear allegiance to the Emperor a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
