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Sigmund Herland
Sigmund Herland (September 27, 1865 – August 15, 1954) was a Romanian chess master and composer. Career Herland drew a match with Jacques Mieses in 1890. He tied for 11-12th at Breslau 1912 (the 18th DSB Congress, ''Hauptturnier A'', Bernhard Gregory won), and tied for 6-10th at Mannheim 1914 (interrupted 19th DSB–Congress, ''Hauptturnier A'', B. Hallegua won). After World War I, he played in many tournaments in Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north .... Herland won in 1921; won in 1924; took 2nd (''Quadrangular'') and shared 1st in 1925; tied for 7-8th ( Alexandru Tyroler won) and took 3rd in 1927 (Wechsler won); took 2nd, behind Taubmann, and shared 1st with Wechsler in 1928; took 2nd in 1929 ( Ion Gudju won); took 11th ( Iosif Mendelssohn won) and wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a predominantly temperate- continental climate, and an area of , with a population of around 19 million. Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, followed by Iași, Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Constanța, Craiova, Brașov, and Galați. The Danube, Europe's second-longest river, rises in Germany's Black Forest and flows in a southeasterly direction for , before emptying into Romania's Danube Delta. The Carpathian Mountains, which cross Romania from the north to the southwest, include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of . Settlement in what is now Romania began in the Lower Pale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandru Tyroler
Alexandru (Sándor) Tyroler (19 October 1891, in Garamszentkereszt, now Žiar nad Hronom, Slovakia – 3 February 1973, in Budapest, Hungary) was a Hungarian-Romanian chess master. Sándor Tyroler was born in Garamszentkereszt ( sk, Hronský Svätý Kríž, german: Heiligenkreuz an der Gran) in Hungary (now Slovakia) into a Hungarian Jewish family. After World War I, following the Treaty of Trianon (1920), he became a citizen of Romania. In 1912, he took 5th in Temesvár (Austria-Hungary), now Timișoara, Romania. In 1925, he won in Bucharest. In 1926, he won the first Romanian Chess Championship in Sibiu. In 1927, he won in Bucharest (ROM-ch). In 1928, he took 15th in The Hague ( Amateur World Championship, Max Euwe won). In 1929, he won in Iaşi (ROM-ch). In 1929, he took 6th in Bucharest. In 1930, he took 3rd in Cernăuţi (ROM-ch). Alexandru Tyroler represented Romania in the 2nd unofficial Chess Olympiad at Budapest 1926, where he won team bronze medal. He also played ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Chess Players
Jewish players and theoreticians have long been involved in the game of chess and have significantly contributed to the development of chess, which has been described as the "Jewish National game". Chess gained popularity amongst Jews in the twelfth century. The game was privileged by distinguished rabbis, as well as by women. Of the first 13 undisputed world champions, over half were Jewish, including the first two. The Modern School of Chess espoused by Wilhelm Steinitz and Siegbert Tarrasch; the Hypermodernism influenced by Aron Nimzowitsch and Richard Réti; and the Soviet Chess School promoted by Mikhail Botvinnik were all strongly influenced by Jewish players. Other influential Jewish chess theoreticians, writers and players include Johannes Zukertort, Savielly Tartakower, Emanuel Lasker, Akiba Rubinstein, Gyula Breyer, Rudolf Spielmann, Samuel Reshevsky, Reuben Fine, David Bronstein, Miguel Najdorf, Mikhail Tal and Bobby Fischer. Professor Arpad Elo, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Chess Players
Romanian may refer to: *anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania **Romanians, an ethnic group **Romanian language, a Romance language *** Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language **Romanian cuisine, traditional foods **Romanian folklore *Romanian (stage), a stage in the Paratethys The Paratethys sea, Paratethys ocean, Paratethys realm or just Paratethys was a large shallow inland sea that stretched from the region north of the Alps over Central Europe to the Aral Sea in Central Asia. Paratethys was peculiar due to its p ... stratigraphy of Central and Eastern Europe *'' The Romanian'' newspaper *'' The Romanian: Story of an Obsession'', a 2004 novel by Bruce Benderson * * {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Jews
The history of the Jews in Romania concerns the Jews both of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is present-day Romanian territory. Minimal until the 18th century, the size of the Jewish population increased after around 1850, and more especially after the establishment of ''Greater Romania'' in the aftermath of World War I. A diverse community, albeit an overwhelmingly urban one, Jews were a target of religious persecution and racism in Romanian societyfrom the late-19th century debate over the "Jewish Question" and the Jewish residents' right to citizenship, to the genocide carried out in the lands of Romania as part of the Holocaust. The latter, coupled with successive waves of ''aliyah'', has accounted for a dramatic decrease in the overall size of Romania's present-day Jewish community. Jewish communities existed in Romanian territory in the 2nd century AD, after Roman annexation of Dacia in 106 AD. During the reign of Peter the Lame (1574– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1954 Deaths
Events January * January 1 – The Soviet Union ceases to demand war reparations from West Germany. * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting. * January 7 – Georgetown-IBM experiment: The first public demonstration of a machine translation system is held in New York, at the head office of IBM. * January 10 – BOAC Flight 781, a de Havilland Comet jet plane, disintegrates in mid-air due to metal fatigue, and crashes in the Mediterranean near Elba; all 35 people on board are killed. * January 12 – Avalanches in Austria kill more than 200. * January 15 – Mau Mau leader Waruhiu Itote is captured in Kenya. * January 17 – In Yugoslavia, Milovan Đilas, one of the leading members of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, is relieved of his duties. * January 20 – The US-based National Negro Network is established, with 46 member radio stations. * January 21 – The first nuclear-pow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1865 Births
Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Second Battle of Fort Fisher: United States forces launch a major amphibious assault against the last seaport held by the Confederates, Fort Fisher, North Carolina. * January 15 – American Civil War: United States forces capture Fort Fisher. * January 31 ** The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (conditional prohibition of slavery and involuntary servitude) passes narrowly, in the House of Representatives. ** American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief. * February ** American Civil War: Columbia, South Carolina burns, as Confederate forces flee from advancing Union forces. * February 3 – American Civil War : Hampton Roads Conference: Union and Confederate leaders discuss peace terms. * Febr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iosif Mendelssohn
Iosif (Josef) Mendelssohn (? – ?) was a Romanian chess master. At the beginning of his career, he took 7th at Debrecen 1913 and tied for 4-5th at Kaschau 1918, both in B tournaments. After World War I, Mendelssohn played in many tournaments in Bucharest. He took 5th in 1924 ( Sigmund Herland won), took 3rd (''Quadrangular'', Alexandru Tyroler won) and shared 1st with Herland in 1925, tied for 4-6th in Romanian Chess Championship (Tyroler won) and tied for 7-8th (Wechsler won) in 1927, took 5th (Taubmann won) and took 3rd (Herland and Wechsler won) in 1928, shared 1st with Wechsler and tied for 3rd-4th (Gudju won) in 1929, took 5th ( Abraham Baratz won), took 2nd (behind Herland), took 3rd (''Quadrangular'', Taubmann won), and finally won in 1930. He also took 4th at Jassy ( Iaşi) 1929 (ROM-ch, Tyroler won), and took 6th at Cernăuţi 1930 (ROM-ch, János Balogh won). Mendelssohn played for Romania in 2nd unofficial Chess Olympiad at Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Gudju
Ion Gudju (14 July 1897 – 1988) was a Romanian chess master. Gudju represented Romania in 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad at Paris, where he became one of 15 founders of ''Fédération Internationale des Échecs'' (FIDE). He played thrice in Chess Olympiads at The Hague 1928, Hamburg 1930, and Prague 1931. He took 4th at Hastings 1926/27 (B tournament, Georges Koltanowski won), took 2nd, behind Wechsler, at Bucharest 1927, took 4th at Bucharest 1928 ( Sigmund Herland and Wechsler won), shared 2nd, behind Alexandru Tyroler, at Jassy 1929 (Romanian Chess Championship), took 5th and won at Bucharest 1929, and tied for 2nd-5th at Bucharest 1930 (Iosif Mendelssohn Iosif (Josef) Mendelssohn (? – ?) was a Romanian chess master. At the beginning of his career, he took 7th at Debrecen 1913 and tied for 4-5th at Kaschau 1918, both in B tournaments. After World War I, Mendelssohn played in many tournaments in ... won). He was the Honorary Vice President of FIDE in 1982–1988.http ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bucharest
Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of the Danube River and the Bulgarian border. Bucharest was first mentioned in documents in 1459. The city became the capital of Romania in 1862 and is the centre of Romanian media, culture, and art. Its architecture is a mix of historical (mostly Eclectic, but also Neoclassical and Art Nouveau), interbellum ( Bauhaus, Art Deco and Romanian Revival architecture), socialist era, and modern. In the period between the two World Wars, the city's elegant architecture and the sophistication of its elite earned Bucharest the nickname of 'Paris of the East' ( ro, Parisul Estului) or 'Little Paris' ( ro, Micul Paris). Although buildings and districts in the historic city centre were heavily damaged or destroyed by war, earthquakes, and even Ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chess
Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to distinguish it from related games, such as xiangqi (Chinese chess) and shogi (Japanese chess). The recorded history of chess goes back at least to the emergence of a similar game, chaturanga, in seventh-century India. The rules of chess as we know them today emerged in Europe at the end of the 15th century, with standardization and universal acceptance by the end of the 19th century. Today, chess is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide. Chess is an abstract strategy game that involves no hidden information and no use of dice or cards. It is played on a chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. At the start, each player controls sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific Ocean, Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in Genocides in history (World War I through World War II), genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the Spanish flu, 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising French Third Republic, France, Russia, and British Empire, Britain) and the Triple A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
