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Sigalegalephrynus
''Sigalegalephrynus'' is a genus of toads in the family Bufonidae. Species are commonly known as puppet toads. They are endemic to the mountains of Sumatra in Indonesia. They have both arboreal and troglodytic habits, being known from trees and rock hollows in montane habitats, including stratovolcanoes such as Sorikmarapi and Mount Kunyit. The genus is named after the '' si gale-gale'', life-sized wooden puppets created by the indigenous Toba Batak people, referencing their relatively large size, lanky build, long arms, and wood-brown coloration. The genus and its first two species were only described in 2017 (with the first individuals only discovered in 2014), with three more described in 2019. All species are microendemic to their localities and are threatened by habitat loss, and it has thus been recommended that all be classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigalegalephrynus Gayoluesensis
''Sigalegalephrynus'' is a genus of Toad, toads in the family True toad, Bufonidae. Species are commonly known as puppet toads. They are Endemism, endemic to the mountains of Sumatra in Indonesia. They have both arboreal and troglodytic habits, being known from trees and rock hollows in montane habitats, including Stratovolcano, stratovolcanoes such as Sorikmarapi and Mount Kunyit. The genus is named after the ''Si Gale Gale, si gale-gale'', life-sized wooden puppets created by the indigenous Toba Batak people, referencing their relatively large size, lanky build, long arms, and wood-brown coloration. The genus and its first two species were only described in 2017 (with the first individuals only discovered in 2014), with three more described in 2019. All species are microendemic to their localities and are threatened by habitat loss, and it has thus been recommended that all be classified as Endangered species, Endangered on the IUCN Red List. The following species are known: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigalegalephrynus Burnitelongensis
''Sigalegalephrynus'' is a genus of toads in the family Bufonidae. Species are commonly known as puppet toads. They are endemic to the mountains of Sumatra in Indonesia. They have both arboreal and troglodytic habits, being known from trees and rock hollows in montane habitats, including stratovolcanoes such as Sorikmarapi and Mount Kunyit. The genus is named after the '' si gale-gale'', life-sized wooden puppets created by the indigenous Toba Batak people, referencing their relatively large size, lanky build, long arms, and wood-brown coloration. The genus and its first two species were only described in 2017 (with the first individuals only discovered in 2014), with three more described in 2019. All species are microendemic to their localities and are threatened by habitat loss, and it has thus been recommended that all be classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
True Toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, '' Bufo'' being the best known. History Bufonidae is thought to have originated in South America. Some studies date the origin of the group to after the breakup of Gondwana, about 78–99 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous. In contrast, other studies have dated the origin of the group to the early Paleocene. The bufonids likely radiated out of South America during the Eocene, with the entire radiation occurring during the Eocene to Oligocene, marking an extremely rapid divergence likely facilitated by the Paleogene's changing climatic conditions. Taxonomy The following phylogeny of most genera in the family is based on Portik and Papenfuss, 2015:, Chan ''et al.'', 2016, Chandramouli ''et al.'', 201 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Si Gale Gale
Sigalegale (Batak: ᯘᯪᯎᯞᯩᯎᯞᯩ ) is a wooden puppet used in a funeral dance performance of the Batak people in Samosir Island, Northern Sumatra. Sigale Gale is a well-known feature for visiting tourists. During the dance, the puppet is operated from behind, like a marionette, using strings that run through the ornate wooden platform on which it stands. The setup enables its arms and body to be moved and its head to turn. Traditionally the performance was carried out of childless person. Batak Toba believe souls become an ancestral spirit and the children of the deceased perform funerary rites. If a person died childless a si gale-gale is created as a substitute. Complicated sigale gale could be life sized and featured actuation using wet moss or sponges that could be squeezed to make the dolls appear to cry. The wooden figure has jointed limbs were mounted on large, wheeled platforms on which, weeping, they danced during funerary ceremonies called ''papurpur sapa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands. In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy. List of toad families In scientific taxonomy, toads include the true toads (Bufonidae) and various other terrestrial or warty-skinned frogs. Non-bufonid "toads" can be found in the families: * Bombinatoridae ( fire-bellied toads and jungle toads) * Calyptocephalellidae ( helmeted water toad and false toads) * Discoglossidae ( midwife toads) * Myobatrachidae (Australian toadlets) * Pelobatidae ( European spadefoot toad) * Rhinophrynidae ( burrowing toads) * Scaphiopodidae ( American spadefoot toads) * Microhylidae ( narrowmouth toads) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibian Genera
Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniote, anamniotic, tetrapod, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class (biology), class Amphibia. In its broadest sense, it is a paraphyletic group encompassing all Tetrapod, tetrapods, but excluding the amniotes (tetrapods with an amniotic membrane, such as modern reptiles, birds and mammals). All extant taxon, extant (living) amphibians belong to the monophyletic subclass (biology), subclass Lissamphibia, with three living order (biology), orders: Anura (frogs and toads), Urodela (salamanders), and Gymnophiona (caecilians). Evolved to be mostly semiaquatic, amphibians have adapted to inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living in freshwater ecosystem, freshwater, wetland or terrestrial ecosystems (such as riparian woodland, fossorial and even arboreal habitats). Their biological life cycle, life cycle typically starts out as aquatic animal, aquatic larvae with gills known as tadpoles, but some species have devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endangered Species
An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching, invasive species, and climate change. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List lists the global conservation status of many species, and various other agencies assess the status of species within particular areas. Many nations have laws that protect conservation-reliant species which, for example, forbid hunting, restrict land development, or create protected areas. Some endangered species are the target of extensive conservation efforts such as captive breeding and habitat restoration. Human activity is a significant cause in causing some species to become endangered. Conservation status The conservation status of a species indicates the likelihood that it will become extinct. Multiple factors are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IUCN Red List
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological species. A series of Regional Red Lists, which assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit, are also produced by countries and organizations. The goals of the Red List are to provide scientifically based information on the status of species and subspecies at a global level, to draw attention to the magnitude and importance of threatened biodiversity, to influence national and international policy and decision-making, and to provide information to guide actions to conserve biological diversity. Major species assessors include BirdLife International, the Institute of Zoology (the research division of the Zoological Society of London), the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and many Specialist Groups w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
