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Sierra Nevada Affair
The Sierra Nevada affair was a corruption scandal in Venezuela that revolved around the purchase of the Sierra Nevada ship during the first government of Carlos Andrés Pérez. Background On 1 November 1979, an investigation began before a parliamentary commission presided over by the deputy of the Democratic Republican Union (URD) Ramón Tenorio Sifontes, along with deputies Anselmo Natale, Leonardo Ferrer, Pedro Tabata Guzmán and Miguel Bellorin Tineo. Previously, the Ethics Commission of the Democratic Action party had already sanctioned Carlos Andres Perez and two other officials administratively. The affair was important because it would determine the political future of Carlos Andrés and presented a real possibility that administrative corruption to be sanctioned, an issue overwhelmingly discussed by the public agenda. Complaints The accusation was made by , minister in the government of Luis Herrera Campins, which implicated a former Minister of Development of Pérez ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Andrés Pérez
Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez (27 October 1922 – 25 December 2010) also known as CAP and often referred to as ''Venezuelan Spanish#Some examples of Spanish words common in Venezuela.2C including some native Venezuelanisms .28slang.29, El Gocho'' (due to his Andean origins), was a Venezuelan politician who served as the 47th and 50th president of Venezuela from 1974 to 1979 and again from 1989 to 1993. He was one of the founders of Democratic Action (Venezuela), Acción Democrática, the dominant political party in Venezuela during the second half of the twentieth century. After the fall of dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez and returning from exile, Pérez served as the List of ministers of interior of Venezuela, interior affairs minister for Rómulo Betancourt between 1959 and 1964, when he became known for his tough response against guerrillas. His First presidency of Carlos Andrés Pérez, first presidency was known as the ''Saudi Venezuela'' due to its economic and social ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Republican Union
The Democratic Republican Union (, URD) is a Venezuelan political party founded in 1945. History When the party appeared on course to win the 1952 election for a constituent assembly, then-dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez suspended the election. Jorge Olavarría. 2003. (page 134). The party joined in the 1958 , and its candidate in that year's , Wolfgang Larrazábal, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Action (Venezuela)
Democratic Action (, AD) is a Venezuelan social democratic and Centre-left politics, centre-left political party established in 1941. The party played an important role in the early years of Venezuelan democracy, leading the government during Venezuela's El Trienio Adeco, first democratic period (1945–1948). History of Venezuela (1948–1958), A decade of dictatorship under Marcos Pérez Jiménez followed, which saw AD excluded from power. With the Republic of Venezuela, advent of democracy in 1958, four President of Venezuela, Presidents of Venezuela came from Acción Democrática from the 1950s to the 1990s during Puntofijo Pact, the two-party period with COPEI. Since 2000, the party's general secretary has been Henry Ramos Allup. In the 2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election, AD backed the opposition electoral alliance Democratic Unity Roundtable (MUD) which managed to grasp a supermajority. AD won 26 constituency representatives out of 167 seats in the unicameral National A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Herrera Campins
Luis Antonio Herrera Campins (4 May 1925 – 9 November 2007) was the president of Venezuela from 1979 to 1984. He was elected to one five-year term in 1978. He was a member of COPEI, a Christian Democratic party. Early life and career Luis Antonio Herrera Campins was born in Acarigua, Portuguesa. He studied law initially at Central University of Venezuela, though his studies were interrupted when he was imprisoned during the regime of Marcos Pérez Jiménez after he organized a strike against the dictator. He continued his studies and writings in exile in Spain and Germany. He eventually earned his law degree in 1955 from the Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Herrera entered politics in 1937, and from 1959 to 1979 he served in the National Congress. He became President of Venezuela on 12 March 1979. Presidency Herrera won the December 1978 presidential elections for COPEI, replacing the social democrat Carlos Andrés Pérez of the Democratic Action (AD) pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Electoral Movement (Venezuela)
The People's Electoral Movement (''Movimiento Electoral del Pueblo'', MEP) is a left-wing political party in Venezuela, founded in 1967 by Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa. The MEP was founded after Prieto Figueroa won the 1967 Acción Democrática (AD) primary election, only to see his nomination overturned by the Romulo Betancourt faction, in favour of Gonzalo Barrios, considering Prieto too far left.David L. Swanson, Paolo Mancini (1996), ''Politics, media, and modern democracy: an international study of innovations in electoral campaigning and their consequences'', Greenwood Publishing Group. p244 Prieto Figueroa, at the time President of the Venezuelan Senate as well as President of AD, split from AD over the affair along with a substantial number of his supporters. Prieto Figueroa achieved 19% of the vote in the 1968 Venezuelan presidential election, coming fourth in a close election (Rafael Caldera won with 29%). However Prieto's subsequent electoral run, in the 1978 Vene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movimiento Al Socialismo (Venezuela)
The Movement for Socialism ( or ) is a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela. History MAS was founded in 1971, with a view to emphasising a socialist message. Initially led by Teodoro Petkoff, its first congress was held on January 14, 1971. In 1988 another left-wing party, the Movement of the Revolutionary Left, merged with MAS. In the 1970s to the 1990s, members of MAS hoped that the party would become the third largest political force, challenging the dominant Social Christian and Democratic Action parties. However, the party often won less than 5% of the vote. At the 1993 election it supported the National Convergence coalition which successfully backed Rafael Caldera, contributing 10.59% of the vote, a third of Caldera's total. At the parliamentary elections the same year it achieved a high-water mark of 5 Senators and 24 Deputies. MAS initially supported the government of Hugo Chávez in 1998. Petkoff disagreed with this decision and left the party. Disagr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Vicente Rangel
José Vicente Rangel Vale (10 July 1929 – 18 December 2020) was a Venezuelan politician. He ran for president three times in the 1970s and 1980s and later supported Hugo Chávez. He served under Chávez as List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1999 to 2001, as Ministry of Defense (Venezuela), Minister of Defense from 2001 to 2002, and as the Vice President of Venezuela, vice president from 2002 to 2007. Political activism Born in Caracas, he returned to Venezuela following the downfall of the dictatorship of Marcos Pérez Jiménez in 1958 and was elected to the National Assembly of Venezuela, Congress that same year, representing the Democratic Republican Union (''Unión Republicana Democrática,'' URD). In addition to his political activities, he worked as a lawyer and journalism, journalist. He also made presidential bids on three occasions: in the 1973 Venezuelan presidential election, 1973 presidential election and 1978 Venezu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rafael Caldera
Rafael Antonio Caldera Rodríguez ( ; 24 January 1916 – 24 December 2009) was a Venezuelan politician and academician who was the 46th and 51st president of Venezuela from 1969 to 1974 and again from 1994 to 1999, thus becoming the longest serving democratically elected politician to govern the country in the twentieth century. Widely acknowledged as one of the founders of Venezuela's democratic system,John D. Martz, "Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador," in Jan Knippers Black, ed. ''Latin America, Its Problems and Its Promise'', 2nd ed. (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1991), 439 one of the main architects of the 1961 Constitution, and a pioneer of the Christian Democracy, Christian Democratic movement in Latin America, Caldera was President during the second period of civilian democratic rule in a country beleaguered by a history of political violence and military caudillos. His leadership helped to establish Venezuela's reputation as one of the more stable democracies in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rómulo Betancourt
Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello (22 February 1908 – 28 September 1981; ), known as "The Father of Venezuelan Democracy", was a Venezuelan politician who served as the president of Venezuela, from and again from Second presidency of Rómulo Betancourt, 1959 to 1964, as well as leader of the Democratic Action (Venezuela), Democratic Action, Venezuela's dominant political party in the 20th century. Betancourt, one of Venezuela's most important political figures, led a tumultuous career in History of Latin America, Latin American politics. Periods of exile brought Betancourt in contact with various Latin American countries as well as the United States, securing his legacy as one of the most prominent international leaders to emerge from 20th-century Latin America. Scholars credit Betancourt as the Founding Father of modern democratic Venezuela. Early years Betancourt was born in Guatire, a town near Caracas. His parents were Luis Betancourt Bello (of Canary Islands, Canary or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twelve Apostles (Venezuela)
The "Twelve Apostles" (''Los Doce Apóstoles'') were a group of Venezuelan businessmen close to President Carlos Andrés Pérez. The term was coined by Pedro Duno (1975) and became part of the Venezuelan political language.Jonathan Di John. ''From Windfall to Curse?: Oil and Industrialization in Venezuela, 1920 to the Present'', Penn State Press, 2009. p212 The group included Pedro Tinoco and Carmelo Lauria Lesseur.Fernando Coronil. The magical state: nature, money, and modernity in Venezuela', University of Chicago Press, 1997. p247 Of the various family groups involved, the Cisneros Group of Gustavo Cisneros was the most successful by the 1990s. The links between Pérez and the apostles go back to Pérez' struggle for the Democratic Action presidential candidacy in 1973. Lacking a power base in the party, Pérez allied himself with businessmen outside it. After he attained the presidency, the names of these businessmen appeared on "many of the financially most lucrative contrac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corruption In Venezuela
Corruption in Venezuela permeates all aspects of politics, business, law enforcement, and other sectors. The discovery of oil in Venezuela in the early 20th century worsened political corruption. Under the Chávez and Maduro regimes, corruption reached unprecedented levels, considered among the worst globally. The high levels of corruption and mismanagement in the country have resulted in severe economic difficulties, playing a major role in the crisis in Venezuela. A 2014 Gallup poll found that 75% of Venezuelans believed that corruption was widespread throughout the Venezuelan government. Discontent with corruption was cited by demonstrators as one of the reasons for the 2014 and 2017 Venezuelan protests. According to Transparency International's 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index, Venezuela scored 10 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"), its lowest score ever. When ranked by score, Venezuela ranked 178th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
