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Siege Of Tabriz (1908–1909)
The siege of Tabriz (1908–1909) took place during the Persian Constitutional Revolution, when which forces affiliated with Mohammad Ali Shah, besieged Tabriz for 11 months to suppress the constitutionalists and prevent food and medicine from reaching the city.«قوای روس وارد تبریز شد». وبگاه تاریخ ایران. دریافتشده در ۲۲ اکتبر ۲۰۱۵. Eventually the siege ended with the intervention of Russian forces and the escape and dispersal of the constitutional leaders and mujahideen. This uprising is one of the most important and influential events in the Iranian constitutional movement. Background Following the Majlis Bombardment on the orders of Mohammad Ali Shah, telegrams were sent to various cities, announcing the overthrow of the constitution, inviting everyone to follow the central government and the Shah. However, the constitutionalists of Tabriz, led by Sattar Khan Sattar Khan (, , October 20, 1866 – November 17, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Constitutional Revolution
The Persian Constitutional Revolution (, or ''Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh''), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911 during the Qajar Iran, Qajar era. The revolution led to the establishment of a Majlis of Iran, parliament in Iran (Name of Iran, Persia), and has been called an "epoch-making episode in the modern history of Persia". The revolution was "the first of its kind in the Islamic world, earlier than the revolution of the Young Turks in Young Turk Revolution, 1908". It opened the way for the modern era in Iran, and debate in a burgeoning press. Many groups fought to shape the course of the revolution. The old order, which Naser al-Din Shah Qajar had struggled for so long to sustain, was finally replaced by new institutions. Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar signed Persian Constitution of 1906, the 1906 constitution shortly before his death. He was succeeded by Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, who abolished the constitution and 1908 bombardme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar
Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar (; 21 June 1872 – 5 April 1925) was the sixth shah of the Qajar dynasty and remained the Shah of Iran from 8 January 1907 until being deposed on 16 July 1909. He was furthermore the grandson of Iran’s early moderniser Amir Kabir, through the maternal side. Biography Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar was opposed to the Persian Constitution of 1906, which had been ratified during the reign of his father, Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar. Therefore, he was frequently criticized by the publications of the period, including a weekly newspaper '' Musavat''. In 1907, Mohammad Ali dissolved the National Consultative Assembly and declared the Constitution abolished because it was contrary to Islamic law. p. 285-286 He bombarded the Majles (Iranian parliament) with the military and political support of Russia and Britain. In July 1909, pro-Constitution forces marched from Iran's provinces to Tehran led by Sardar As'ad, Sepehdar A'zam, Sattar Khan, Bagher Khan an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Occupation Of Tabriz
The Russian occupation of Tabriz lasted from 30 April 1909 until 28 February 1918, with a brief interruption during 6–31 January 1915. V. Minorsky, C. E. Bosworth and Sheila S. Blair, "Tabriz", in C. E. Bosworth (ed.), ''Historic Cities of the Islamic World'' (Leiden: Brill, 2007), pp. 486–498, at 496. The city of Tabriz was the second city of Qajar Iran at the time, the capital of the region of Azarbaijan, and the traditional residence of the Qajar Crown Prince. It was occupied by Imperial Russia. During the Persian Constitutional Revolution, rebellion broke out in Tabriz on 23 June 1908. In early February 1909 government forces under Prince ʿAyn-al-dawla surrounded the city. On 20 April, in response to the siege situation, Britain, France and Russia agreed that a Russian force should be sent to occupy the city in order "to facilitate the entrance into the town of the necessary provisions, to protect the consulates and foreign subjects, and to help those who so desired t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sattar Khan
Sattar Khan (, , October 20, 1866 – November 17, 1914), honorarily titled Sardār-e Melli ( meaning ''National Commander'') was a pivotal figure in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and is considered a national hero by the Iranian people. Biography Early life Sattar Khan was born in Sardar Kandy, of Iranian Azerbaijani origin, some time in 1868. He was the third son of Haj Hasan Bazzaz, from the Qaradagh. During his childhood, his eldest brother, who had become a highway robber, was executed by the authorities. The family later moved to Tabriz where Sattar himself came into conflict with the law when he tried to find a hideout for two Caucasian fugitives to whom his father had given shelter. He was incarcerated for two years in Narin Qalʿa, a notorious local prison. Afterwards he too became a brigand and was subsequently imprisoned again. He also served in the gendarmerie controlling the main road between Khoy and Marand, and for a while found employment as part of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baqir Khan
Bagher Khān (; c. 1870 – November 1916) honorarily titled Sālār-e Melli ( "National Chieftain") or Baqir Khān, was one of the key figures in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. Biography Early life Bagher Khan was born in Tabriz, Iran in the 1870s and was the son of Haj Reza Bana. Bagher Khan was a bricklayer by profession. Soon he emerged in the streets of Tabriz as a lūṭī of the east end of the city. He came from an orthodox background. But with an inclination to the pro-Constitution leaders, he joined the ranks of the revolutionary militia by 1907. He was of Iranian Azeri origin.Iran and Its Place Among Nations, by Alidad Mafinezam, Aria Mehrabi, 2008, p.57 Revolutionary Bagher Khan played a key role in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. He joined the Revolutionary Militia in 1907 and was active in several clashes in Tabriz. After the 1908 bombardment of the Majlis, Bagher Khan along with Sattar Khan marched towards Tehran, however he returned to Tabriz short ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdol Majid Mirza
Abdol Majid Mirza Eyn-ed-Dowleh (Persian: عبدالمجیدمیرزا عینالدوله) (1845 – 2 November 1927) was a Qajar prince and twice Prime Minister of Iran. He was the eldest son of Prince Soltan-Ahmad Mirza Azod od-Dowleh and a grandson of Fat'h-Ali Shah Qajar. Ein ad-Dowleh Mansion in Tehran Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District (Tehran County), Central District. With a population of around 9. ... belonged to him. References 1845 births 1927 deaths Royalty from Tehran Prime ministers of Iran Qajar princes People of the Persian Constitutional Revolution Dar ul-Funun alumni {{Iran-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Howard Baskerville
Howard Conklin Baskerville (10 April 1885 – 19 April 1909) was an American missionary teacher. His life ambition was to become a pastor. He worked as a teacher employed by the American missionaries at the American Memorial School in Tabriz, a Presbyterian mission school, and was killed during the Persian constitutional revolution in an attempt to break the siege of Tabriz. He is often referred to as the "American Lafayette of Iran" and the "American Martyr of the Iranian Constitutional Movement". Howard Baskerville came to Tabriz in the fall of 1907 to teach history. His arrival in Iran coincided with the period when Mohammad Ali Shah in Tehran shut down the parliament and dismantled the constitutional basis and ruled the period that is known as "The short tyranny" in Iran. At the same time, the people of Tabriz, led by Sattar Khan and Baqer Khan, rose up to restore constitutionalism, and subsequently, pro-Shah forces besieged Tabriz. After 11 months of siege and due to lac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shanb Ghazan
Shanb-e-Ghazan, Ghazaniyya, or Sham-e-Ghazan (local pronunciation: Sham-Ghazan) (persian: شنب غازان) is one of the historical neighborhoods of Tabriz, Iran. Shanb-e-Ghazan's historical importance is mostly due to construction of the Ghazan Mausoleum, a complex made by the Ilkhanid emperor in late 13 and early 14th century. History At the time of the Ilkhanate and Arghun Khan's kingdom in 1290, Shanb-e-Ghazan grew from a village named Shanb or Sham into a large and populous town named Arghuniyye. The main parts of this construction included a Buddhist temple (Arghun was a Buddhist) and a palace named Adiliyya. At the time of king Mahmud Ghazan, Ghazan Khan, Shanb-e-Ghazan evolved into a large satellite city of Tabriz called Ghazaniya. The neighborhood reached its greatest prosperity at this time. In late 1297 Ghazan Khan built his unique Tomb called Qubba-ye-Aali (Big Dome) in the central part of the town. As he was very interested in benevolence, he ordered the constru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabriz Constitutional Revolution
Tabriz (; ) is a city in the Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran. It serves as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the sixth-most-populous city in Iran. Tabriz is in the Quru River valley in Iran's historic Azerbaijan region between long ridges of volcanic cones in the Sahand and Eynali mountains. Tabriz's elevation ranges between above sea level. The valley opens up into a plain that gently slopes down to the eastern shores of Lake Urmia, to the west. The city was named World Carpet Weaving City by the World Crafts Council in October 2015 and Exemplary Tourist City of 2018 by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. With a population of over 1.7 million (2016), Tabriz is the largest economic hub and metropolitan area in northwest Iran. The population is bilingual with most people speaking Azerbaijani as their native language and Persian as their second language. Tabriz is a major heavy industri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
