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Sieben Zenden
The Republic of the Seven Tithings (, ) was a state in what is now the Swiss canton of Valais during the early modern period, and an associate of the Old Swiss Confederacy. The seven tithings (''Zenden'', ''dizains'', Latin: ''decumae'') of the Central and Upper Valais, listed orographically, were Goms, Brig, Visp, Raron, Leuk, Siders, and Sion. The six districts of the Lower Valais, known as "banners" (''vexilla''), were ruled as subject lands by the Republic. They only came to be referred to as ''dizains'' as they acceded to the Rhodanic Republic and the Swiss canton, during 1802–1815. History The tithings (''Zehnden'') of the Upper Valais emerged as medieval communes, which were granted certain privileges by Charles IV in 1353. These territories had enjoyed de facto independence since the mid-15th century, as a result of the Raron affair, and they continued to grow in power and influence over the following two centuries. They seized much of the Lower Valai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Modern Switzerland
The early modern history of the Old Swiss Confederacy ('' Eidgenossenschaft'', also known as the "Swiss Republic" or ''Republica Helvetiorum'') and its constituent Thirteen Cantons encompasses the time of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) until the French invasion of 1798. The early modern period was characterized by an increasingly aristocratic and oligarchic ruling class as well as frequent economic or religious revolts. This period came to be referred to as the ''Ancien Régime'' retrospectively, in post-Napoleonic Switzerland. The loosely organized Confederation remained generally disorganized and crippled by the religious divisions created by the Swiss Reformation. During this period the Confederation gained formal independence from the Holy Roman Empire with support from France, and had very close relations with France. The early modern period also saw the growth of French-Swiss literature, and notable authors of the Age of Enlightenment such as the mathematicia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Associates
Swiss Associates, also known as Associated Places, Zugewandte Orte (Facing Places),Andreas Würgler: "Facing Places", in: ''Historical Lexicon of Switzerland (HLS)'' , version from February 26, 2014. Online: https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/009815/2014-02-26/ , consulted on January 9, 2024. or Pays Alliés (Allied Countries), were Associated state, associate states of the Old Swiss Confederacy, with some form of alliance agreement with either the entire Confederation or individual Cantons of Switzerland, cantons. The associates were extremely heterogeneous. They had no institution that bound them together, other than their alliances with the Swiss Confederacy. Some had extremely close bonds with the Confederation, whereas others were only bound with one or two cantons. Generally, all nations that were related to the Confederation that were not Vassal, subjects nor fully fledged cantons were considered associates. Whereas members of the Swiss Confederacy were not permitted to fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV (; ; ; 14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378''Karl IV''. In: (1960): ''Geschichte in Gestalten'' (''History in figures''), vol. 2: ''F–K''. 38, Frankfurt 1963, p. 294), also known as Charles of Luxembourg, born Wenceslaus (, ), was Holy Roman Emperor from 1355 until his death in 1378. He was elected King of Germany (King of the Romans) in 1346 and became King of Bohemia (as Charles I) that same year. He was a member of the House of Luxembourg from his father's side and the Bohemian House of Přemyslid from his mother's side; he emphasized the latter due to his lifelong affinity for the Bohemian side of his inheritance, and also because his direct ancestors in the Přemyslid line included two saints. He was the eldest son and heir of John of Bohemia, King of Bohemia and Count of Luxembourg, who died at the Battle of Crécy on 26 August 1346. His mother, Elizabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330), Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, was the sister of Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medieval Commune
Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city. These took many forms and varied widely in organization and makeup. Communes are first recorded in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, thereafter becoming a widespread phenomenon. They had greater development in central-northern Italy, where they became city-states based on partial democracy. At the same time in Germany they became free cities, independent from local nobility. Etymology The English and French word "commune" () appears in Latin records in various forms. They come from Medieval Latin , plural form of (that which is common, community, state), substantive noun from (common). Ultimately, the Proto-Indo-European root is ''*mey-'' (to change, exchange). When autonomy was won through violent uprising and overthrow, the commune was often called (a conspiracy) (). Origins During the 10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Valais
Valais ( , ; ), more formally, the Canton of Valais or Wallis, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of thirteen districts and its capital and largest city is Sion. Valais is situated in the southwestern part of the country. It borders the cantons of Vaud and Bern to the north, the cantons of Uri and Ticino to the east, as well as Italy to the south and France to the west. It is one of the three large southern Alpine cantons, along with Ticino and Grisons. It is a bilingual canton, French and German being its two official languages. Traditionally, the canton is divided into Lower, Central, and Upper Valais, the latter region constituting the German-speaking minority. Valais is essentially coextensive with the valley of the Rhône from its headwaters to Lake Geneva, separating the Pennine Alps from the Bernese Alps, the two largest mountain ranges of the canton. A major wine region, the canton is simultaneously one of the driest regions of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stumpf Froschauer Landtaflen Wallis
Stumpf or Stumpff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Lena Stumpf, German-Australian artist * Bill Stumpf (1936–2006), American furniture designer * Bill Stumpf (baseball) (1892–1966), American baseball player *Carl Stumpf (1848–1936), German philosopher and psychologist * Christian Stumpf (born 1966), Austrian football player * Daniel Stumpf (born 1991), American baseball player * Daniela Stumpf (born 1965), German football player * Eddie Stumpf (1894–1978), American baseball player, manager and executive * Georg Stumpf (born 1972), Austrian entrepreneur * George Stumpf (1910–1993), American baseball player * Horst Stumpff (1887–1958), German general in World War II * Hulda Stumpf (1867–1930), American Christian missionary in Kenya *István Stumpf (born 1957), Hungarian politician * Johann Andreas Stumpff (1769–1846), German maker of harps and pianos, resident in London * Johann Stumpf (engineer), German steam locomotive engineer *John Stumpf (bor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodanic Republic
The Valais Republic ( French: ''République du Valais''; German: ''Republik Wallis'') or Vallais was a sister republic of France that existed between 1802 and 1810 in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, during the Napoleonic Wars, in territory corresponding to the modern Swiss canton of Valais. History A Rhodanic Republic had already been envisaged in March 1798 by General Guillaume Brune, commander of the French troops in Switzerland, as one of three successor republics of the Old Swiss Confederacy (the other two being Tellgovie and the Helvetic). Brune's ''République rhodanique'' would have incorporated the present-day cantons of Vaud, Valais, Ticino, Fribourg and part of Bern ( Oberland) with Lausanne as its capital. The canton was to be divided into 17 administrative districts, each with a sous-prefet. However, this idea was put aside. In 1798, when the troops of the French Republic invaded the Swiss Confederacy, the French-speaking population of the Lower Valais de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sion (district)
The district of Sion is a district of the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Valais in Switzerland. It has a population of (as of ). Municipalities It comprises the following Municipalities of Switzerland, municipalities: Coat of arms The blazon of the district coat of arms is ''Per pale Argent two Mullets of Five Gules, and Gules.'' Demographics Sion has a population () of . Most of the population () speaks French language, French (31,488 or 85.1%) as their first language, German language, German is the second most common (1,878 or 5.1%) and Portuguese language, Portuguese is the third (1,029 or 2.8%). There are 915 people who speak Italian language, Italian and 20 people who speak Romansh language, Romansh. , the gender distribution of the population was 48.3% male and 51.7% female. The population comprised 15,250 Swiss men (36.8% of the population) and 4,787 (11.5%) non-Swiss men. There were 16,910 Swiss women (40.8%) and 4,537 (10.9%) non-Swiss women. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sierre (district)
The district of Sierre is a district of the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Valais in Switzerland. It has a population of (as of ). Municipalities It comprises the following Municipalities of Switzerland, municipalities: Coat of arms The blazon of the district coat of arms is ''Gules, a Sun Or.'' Demographics Sierre has a population () of . Most of the population () speaks French language, French (32,090 or 80.2%) as their first language, German language, German is the second most common (3,240 or 8.1%) and Italian language, Italian is the third (1,522 or 3.8%). There are 15 people who speak Romansh language, Romansh. , the gender distribution of the population was 49.2% male and 50.8% female. The population was made up of 16,070 Swiss men (35.0% of the population) and 6,533 (14.2%) non-Swiss men. There were 17,331 Swiss women (37.8%) and 5,970 (13.0%) non-Swiss women. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leuk (district)
The district of Leuk () is a district in the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Valais in Switzerland. It has a population of (as of ). Municipalities It contains the following municipalities: Coat of arms The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is ''Gules, a Griffin rampant cowed Or langued and armed Argent holding a sword of the last.'' Demographics Leuk has a population () of . Most of the population () speaks German language, German (10,675 or 91.8%) as their first language. French language, French is the second most common (278 or 2.4%) and Albanian language, Albanian is the third (195 or 1.7%). There are 115 people who speak Italian language, Italian and 8 people who speak Romansh language, Romansh. , the gender distribution of the population was 49.7% male and 50.3% female. The population was made up of 5,218 Swiss men (42.5% of the population) and 879 (7.2%) non-Swiss men. There were 5,430 Swiss women (44.3%) and 742 (6.0%) non-Swiss women. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raron (district)
The district of Raron was one of the 12 districts comprising the Republic of Wallis and after 1848 the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Today it is divided into two demi-districts, which are geographically separated by the District of Brig. The district of East Raron (, ) with the capital Mörel-Filet includes the following municipalities: *CH-3991, 3994 Bettmeralp *CH-3983 Bister *CH-3982 Bitsch *CH-3993 Grengiols *CH-3983 Mörel-Filet *CH-3986 Riederalp The district of West Raron (German: Westlich-Raron, French: Rarogne occidental) with the capital Raron includes the following municipalities: *CH-3938 Ausserberg *CH-3919 Blatten *CH-3935 Bürchen *CH-3943 Eischoll *CH-3916 Ferden *CH-3917 Kippel *CH-3942 Niedergesteln *CH-3942 Raron *CH-3940 Steg-Hohtenn *CH-3944 Unterbäch *CH-3918 Wiler Wiler (Lötschen) is a Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the district of Raron (district), Raron in the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Valais in Switzerla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Visp (district)
The district of Visp (, ) is a district in the Canton of Valais in southern Switzerland. It has a population of (as of ). Municipalities It consists of the following municipalities: Coat of arms The blazon of the district coat of arms is ''Per pale Argent and Gules, two Lions rampant respectant counterchanged.'' Demographics Visp has a population () of . Most of the population () speaks German language, German (23,373 or 87.2%) as their first language, Portuguese language, Portuguese is the second most common (853 or 3.2%) and Italian language, Italian is the third (658 or 2.5%). There are 398 people who speak French language, French and 12 people who speak Romansh language, Romansh. , the gender distribution of the population was 49.8% male and 50.2% female. The population was made up of 10,909 Swiss men (39.4% of the population) and 2,881 (10.4%) non-Swiss men. There were 11,353 Swiss women (41.0%) and 2,528 (9.1%) non-Swiss women. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
