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Sidik Djojosukarto
Sidik Djojosukarto ( EVO: Sidik Djojosoekarto; 7 June 1908 – 8 September 1955) was an Indonesian politician who served as chairman of the Indonesian National Party (PNI) from 1950 until his death. As PNI chairman, he was revered by all party factions, and was the closest to being an "authentic party hero." Sidik was born to a small merchant family in Blitar, East Java. After graduating from the ''Ovts Handelsleergang'' trade school in 1930, he began work as a teacher in Surabaya. Later, he became a journalist and was later editor-in-chief of the Indonesian newspaper ''Berdjoeang''. In addition to his work as a journalist, Sidik was involved in several pro-independence organizations, becoming a member of the Partindo and Gerindo political parties during the 1930s. During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Sidik became the local head of the '' Putera'' and '' Jawa Hokokai'' organizations in Kediri. Following the proclamation of Indonesian Independence, he be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian National Party
The Indonesian National Party (, PNI) was the name used by several nationalist political parties in Indonesia from 1927 until 1973. The first PNI was established by future President Sukarno. After independence, the new PNI supplied a number of prime ministers, and participated in the majority of cabinets in the 1950s and 1960s. The party was fused into the Indonesian Democratic Party in 1973. In the years following the reforms of the late 1990s, a number of parties claiming to be the continuation of previous PNIs stood in elections, but gained only a handful of seats. Pre-independence In November 1925, Sukarno, then a young engineer studying at the Bandung Technical College, founded the ''Algemeene Studie Club'', a study club inspired by a similar organization founded by Soetomo in Surabaya. The study club was later reformed on 4 July 1927 into a movement called the Indonesian National Association. In May 1928, the name was changed to the Indonesian National Party. The organizati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proclamation Of Indonesian Independence
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence (, or simply ''Proklamasi'') was read at 10:00 Tokyo Standard Time on Friday 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia's independence in 1949. The document was signed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president and vice-president respectively the following day. The date of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was made a public holiday by a government decree issued on 18 June 1946. Background The beginnings of the independence movement In 1918, the Dutch authorities in the Dutch East Indies established a partly-elected People's Council, the '' Volksraad'', which for the first time gave Indonesian nationalists a voice. Meanwhile, Indonesian students studying in the Netherlands formed the Perhimpo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unitary State
A unitary state is a (Sovereign state, sovereign) State (polity), state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority. The central government may create or abolish administrative divisions (sub-national or sub-state units). Such units exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. Although Power (social and political), political power may be delegated through devolution to regional or local governments by statute, the central government may alter the statute, to override the decisions of Devolution, devolved governments or expand their powers. The modern unitary state concept originated in France; in the aftermath of the Hundred Years' War, national feelings that emerged from the war unified France. The war accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a unitary state. The French people, French then later spread unitary states by conquests, throughout Europe during and after the Napoleoni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta is the capital city of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by Hamengkubuwono, a monarchy, Yogyakarta is regarded as an important centre for classical Javanese culture, Javanese fine arts and culture such as ballet, ''batik'' textiles, drama, Javanese literature, literature, music of Java, music, Javanese poetry, poetry, silversmithing, visual arts, and ''wayang'' puppetry. Renowned as a centre of Education in Indonesia, Indonesian education, Yogyakarta is home to a large student population and dozens of schools and universities, including Gadjah Mada University, the country's largest institute of higher education and one of its most prestigious. Yogyakarta is the capital of the Yogyakarta Sultanate and served as the Indonesian capital from 1946 to 1948 during the Indonesian National Revolution, with Gedung Agung as the president's office. One of the districts in s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netherlands
, Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands consists of Provinces of the Netherlands, twelve provinces; it borders Germany to the east and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares Maritime boundary, maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany, and Belgium. The official language is Dutch language, Dutch, with West Frisian language, West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch, English_language, English, and Papiamento are official in the Caribbean Netherlands, Caribbean territories. The people who are from the Netherlands is often referred to as Dutch people, Dutch Ethnicity, Ethnicity group, not to be confused by the language. ''Netherlands'' literally means "lower countries" i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidik Djojosukarto
Sidik Djojosukarto ( EVO: Sidik Djojosoekarto; 7 June 1908 – 8 September 1955) was an Indonesian politician who served as chairman of the Indonesian National Party (PNI) from 1950 until his death. As PNI chairman, he was revered by all party factions, and was the closest to being an "authentic party hero." Sidik was born to a small merchant family in Blitar, East Java. After graduating from the ''Ovts Handelsleergang'' trade school in 1930, he began work as a teacher in Surabaya. Later, he became a journalist and was later editor-in-chief of the Indonesian newspaper ''Berdjoeang''. In addition to his work as a journalist, Sidik was involved in several pro-independence organizations, becoming a member of the Partindo and Gerindo political parties during the 1930s. During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Sidik became the local head of the '' Putera'' and '' Jawa Hokokai'' organizations in Kediri. Following the proclamation of Indonesian Independence, he be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jong Java
, was a Dutch East Indies youth organization founded on March 7, 1915, by at the STOVIA building under the name Tri Koro Dharmo ('Three Noble Goals'). It was founded in response to the perceived elitism of the Budi Utomo movement by many young people at the time. Three Noble Goals Tri Koro Dharmo's 3 Goals are Sakti, Budi, and Bakti (Power and intelligence, wisdom and affection). History 1915–1921 Tri Koro Dharmo was founded with Dr. Satiman Wirjosandjojo as chairman, Wongsonegoro as vice chairman, Sutomo as secretary, and Muslich, Mosodo, and Abdul Rahman as members. The goals of Tri Koro Dharmo were to unite the ''pribumi'' students, promote the arts and national language, and improve the general knowledge of its members. To achieve these goals, their activities included organizing meetings and courses, establishing scholarship funds, organizing art performances, and publishing the magazine ''Tri Koro Dharmo''. On June 12, 1918, Tri Koro Dharmo was renamed to Jong Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madiun Regency
Madiun Regency (; ) is a landlocked List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, Regency in East Java province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,010.86 km2, and had a population of 662,278 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 744,350 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 747,589 (with a sex ratio of 98.4).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kabupaten Madiun Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3519) It is bordered by Bojonegoro Regency in the north, Nganjuk Regency in the east, Ponorogo Regency in the south, and Magetan Regency and Ngawi Regency in the west, while the independent city of Madiun (not included in the above figures) is an enclave within the regency. Its capital was formerly the city of Madiun, but it was moved to Mejayan Districts of East Java, District by Government Regulation No.52 in 2010. However, Government Regulation No.3 of the Year 2019, as a revision of G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs
Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs ( Dutch, "more advanced primary education") was during part of the twentieth century a level of education in the Netherlands, Suriname and the Dutch East Indies. The system was comparable with the junior high school level in the US education system. Its successors were the mavo and vbo, now both replaced by VMBO. In Suriname, MULO was a four year program. It was split into MULO-A which was focused on business and MULO-B which was focused on science. After graduating, students could move onto three-year VWO leading to university or a two-year HAVO leading to higher vocational training. In 2021, it was replaced with "voortgezet onderwijs" in Suriname. See also * Education in the Netherlands Education in the Netherlands is characterized by division: education is oriented toward the needs and background of the pupil. Education is divided over schools for different age groups, some of which are divided in streams for different educatio ... Referen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hollandsch-Inlandsche School
Hollandsch-Inlandsche School (HIS) (Dutch school for natives) was a school during the Dutch East Indies, Dutch colonial era in Indonesia. The school, was first established in 1914, following with the enactment of the Dutch Ethical Policy. The school was at the Low Education level (''Lager Onderwijs'') or at the level of basic education today. The school was intended for the population of indigenous Indonesian descent. Generally reserved for children from the noble class, prominent figures, or civil servants. The length of the school was seven years. See also * Hogere Burgerschool, Hogere Burger School (HBS) * Hollandsch Chineesche School, Hollandsch Chineesche School (HCS) * Hollandsch Inlandsche Kweekschool (HIK) * Hollandsch Javaansche School, Hollandsch Javaansche School (HJS) * Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs, Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO) References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Islam by country, Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia operates as a Presidential system, presidential republic with an elected People's Consultative Assembly, legislature and consists of Provinces of Indonesia, 38 provinces, nine of which have Autonomous administrative divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
