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Sichuan Clique
The Sichuan clique () was a group of warlords in the warlord era in China. During the period from 1927 to 1938, Sichuan was in the hands of six warlords: Liu Wenhui, Liu Xiang (warlord), Liu Xiang, Yang Sen (1884–1977), Yang Sen, Deng Xihou, He Zhaode, and Tian Songyao, with minor forces being Xiong Kewu and Lü Chao. Introduction After the 1911 Revolution, Qing dynasty's collapse, not one warlord had enough power to take on all the others at once, so many small battles occurred, pitting one warlord against another. The Sichuan Clique was divided into smaller warlord groups, or Defense Zones, separated from each other with distinct military, political, and economic boundaries. Large conflicts seldom developed, plotting and skirmishing characterized the Sichuanese political scene, and ephemeral coalitions and counter-coalitions emerged and vanished with equal rapidity. However, Liu Xiang was the most influential of the Sichuan warlords. He controlled Chongqing and its surrou ...
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Republic Of China (1912–1949)
The Republic of China (ROC) began on 1 January 1912 as a sovereign state in mainland China following the 1911 Revolution, which overthrew the Manchu people, Manchu-led Qing dynasty and ended China's imperial China, imperial history. From 1927, the Kuomintang (KMT) Northern expedition, reunified the country and initially ruled it as a one-party state with Nanjing as the national capital. In 1949, Nationalist government, the KMT-led government was defeated in the Chinese Civil War and lost control of the mainland to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The CCP Proclamation of the People's Republic of China, established the People's Republic of China (PRC) while the ROC was forced to Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan, retreat to Taiwan; the ROC retains control over the Taiwan Area, and political status of Taiwan, its political status remains disputed. The ROC is recorded as a founding member of both the League of Nations and the United Nations, and previous ...
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Xiong Kewu
Xiong Kewu ( zh, s=熊克武, p=Xióng Kèwǔ; December 26, 1885 – September 2, 1970), courtesy name Jinfan, was a Chinese general and warlord during the Republican period of China and a politician of the People’s Republic of China. Biography Early life Xiong was born in Yanjingwan, Jingyan County, Sichuan Province, into a family of doctors and was interested in learning in his early years. In 1903 (29th year of Emperor Guangxu's reign), he entered Sichuan Dongwen Academy. At that time, he met Dai Jitao and other key figures of the revolutionary party who would later organize the Tongmenghui. Revolutionary activities In the winter of the same year, with the financial assistance of his uncle, he went to study in Japan. He first entered Dacheng Ordinary Middle School and later entered Dongbin Academy to study military affairs. While in Tokyo, Xiong Kewu met Sun Yat-sen and participated in the organization of the Tongmenghui in August 1905 (31st year of the reign of ...
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Chengdu
Chengdu; Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: ; Chinese postal romanization, previously Romanization of Chinese, romanized as Chengtu. is the capital city of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a population of 20,937,757 at the 2020 Chinese census, 2020 census, it is the fourth most populous city in China, and it is the only city with a population of over 20 million apart from Direct-administered municipality, direct-administered municipalities. It is traditionally the hub of Western China. Chengdu is in central Sichuan. The surrounding Chengdu Plain is known as the "Country of Heaven" and the "Land of Abundance". Its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui culture. The site of Dujiangyan, an ancient irrigation system, is designated as a World Heritage Site. The Jin River (Sichuan), Jin River flows through the city. Chengdu's culture reflects that of its province, Sichuan; in 2011, it was recognized by UNESCO as a city of ga ...
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Rao Guohua
Rao Guohua (1894 – December 1, 1937) was a Sichuan clique The Sichuan clique () was a group of warlords in the warlord era in China. During the period from 1927 to 1938, Sichuan was in the hands of six warlords: Liu Wenhui, Liu Xiang (warlord), Liu Xiang, Yang Sen (1884–1977), Yang Sen, Deng Xihou, ... Chinese general who committed suicide during the Second Sino-Japanese War. References 1894 births 1937 deaths Republic of China warlords from Sichuan Military personnel killed in the Second Sino-Japanese War Politicians from Ziyang {{China-mil-bio-stub ...
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Wang Mingzhang
Wang Mingzhang (; 4 July 1893 – 14 March 1938), courtesy name Zhizhong (之鐘), was a Chinese general of the National Revolutionary Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Biography Born in Xindu County (modern-day Xindu District, Chengdu), Sichuan, Wang Mingzhang entered the Sichuan Army Elementary School in 1911 and the Army Middle School in Nanjing in 1912. Afterwards, he returned to Sichuan to enter the Sichuan Military Academy, and after he graduated in 1914 successively held the commands of a platoon, company, battalion, regiment, and brigade. He was involved in the various conflicts between the Sichuan clique warlords during the Warlord Era. In 1933 was appointed division commander. After the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China and the Empire of Japan between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931. It is cons ...
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Li Jiayu
Li Jiayu () (April 25, 1892 – May 21, 1944) was a Chinese KMT general from Sichuan who was killed during the Second Sino-Japanese War. A veteran of the Xinhai Revolution and the Second Revolution, he served as a regimental officer in the 6th Brigade of the Sichuan clique army, which was part of the Sichuan clique Army 3rd Division commanded by warlord Deng Xihou. He was promoted to commanding officer of the 6th Brigade in 1922 by his superior officer Deng and later promoted to major general and commander of the 1st Division of the Sichuan clique Army in September 1923. In August 1924, he was promoted to Lieutenant General in the Sichuan clique army. On May 21, 1944, he was killed in action in Henan province. On June 22, 1944, he was posthumously promoted to full General A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "gene ...
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World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ...
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Hubei Province
Hubei is a province in Central China. It has the seventh-largest economy among Chinese provinces, the second-largest within Central China, and the third-largest among inland provinces. Its provincial capital at Wuhan serves as a major political, cultural, and economic hub for the region. Hubei is associated with the historical state of E that existed during the Western Zhou dynasty (771 BCE). Its name means 'north of the lake', referring to Dongting Lake. It borders Henan to the north, Anhui and Jiangxi to the east, Hunan to the south, and Chongqing and Shaanxi to the west. The high-profile Three Gorges Dam is located at Yichang in the west of the province. History The Hubei region was home to sophisticated Neolithic cultures. By the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC), the territory of today's Hubei formed part of the powerful State of Chu. Chu, nominally a tributary state of the Zhou dynasty, was itself an extension of the Chinese civilization that had emerg ...
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Battle Of Shanghai
The Battle of Shanghai ( zh, t=淞滬會戰, s=淞沪会战, first=t, p=Sōng hù huìzhàn) was a major battle fought between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China in the Chinese city of Shanghai during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It lasted from August 13, 1937, to November 26, 1937, and was arguably the single largest and longest battle of the entire war, with it even regarded by some historians as the first battle of World War II. It resulted in the Japanese capture of the city and heavy destruction to the city. It was the first of the twenty-two major engagements fought between the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China (ROC) and the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) of the Empire of Japan at the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese eventually prevailed after over three months of extensive fighting on land, in the air and at sea. Both sides accused each other of using ...
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National Revolutionary Army
The National Revolutionary Army (NRA; zh, labels=no, t=國民革命軍) served as the military arm of the Kuomintang, Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, or KMT) from 1924 until 1947. From 1928, it functioned as the regular army, de facto national armed forces of the Nationalist government, Republic of China during the period of Nationalist rule. Following the promulgation of the Constitution of the Republic of China, 1947 Constitution — which established civilian control of the military, civilian control over the military on a de jure basis — it was formally reorganised as the Republic of China Armed Forces. Initially formed from Constitutional Protection Junta, pro-nationalist faction troops after 1917, with assistance from the Soviet Union, the NRA was created as an instrument for the Nationalist government to unify China during the Warlord Era. It went on to fight major military conflicts, including the Northern Expedition against the Beiyang warlords, the encirclem ...
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Yangtze
The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ) is the longest river in Eurasia and the third-longest in the world. It rises at Jari Hill in the Tanggula Mountains of the Tibetan Plateau and flows including Dam Qu River the longest source of the Yangtze, in a generally easterly direction to the East China Sea. It is the fifth-largest primary river by discharge volume in the world. Its drainage basin comprises one-fifth of the land area of China, and is home to nearly one-third of the country's population. The Yangtze has played a major role in the history, culture, and economy of China. For thousands of years, the river has been used for water, irrigation, sanitation, transportation, industry, boundary-marking, and war. The Yangtze Delta generates as much as 20% of China's GDP, and the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze is the largest hydro-electric power station in the world. In mid-2014, the Chinese government announced it was building a multi-tier transport network, comprising railway ...
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